RESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to define risks for corneal transplantation associated with fibrous ingrowth among first-time transplant recipients. METHODS: We performed a retrospective case-control study of patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of fibrous ingrowth between 2002 and 2019. Patients with fibrous ingrowth from a first corneal specimen were included. Those with incomplete records were excluded. A 1:2 case-control ratio was used. Controls were matched using surgical indication, surgery year, transplantation method, sex, and age. RESULTS: Seventy-eight eyes (76 patients) were included and matched with 160 control eyes. The incidence of fibrous ingrowth found on a first corneal transplant was 0.6% per year. The most common keratoplasty indications were pseudophakic corneal edema (n = 25, 32%) and aphakic corneal edema (n = 15, 19%). Cases were more likely to have a history of ocular trauma (odds ratio [OR], 2.94; 95% CI, 1.30-6.30; P = 0.007), uveitis (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.12-6.63; P = 0.022), retinal detachment or previous retinal surgery (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.34-4.30; P = 0.003), glaucoma tube-shunt surgery (OR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.29-5.65; P = 0.007), aphakia (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.61-5.67; P = 0.0004), or iris derangement (OR, 10.52; 95% CI, 5.45-20.30; P <0.0001). A multivariate logistic regression model using iris derangement, history of ocular trauma, history of uveitis, and history of cataract surgery demonstrated 81% sensitivity and 66% specificity in predicting presence of fibrous ingrowth. CONCLUSIONS: A history of ocular trauma, uveitis, retinal detachment or previous retinal surgery, glaucoma tube-shunt surgery, aphakia, and iris derangement are risks for detecting fibrous ingrowth among first-time keratoplasty recipients. Patients with these conditions should be monitored closely for corneal decompensation.
Assuntos
Afacia , Edema da Córnea , Transplante de Córnea , Traumatismos Oculares , Glaucoma , Descolamento Retiniano , Uveíte , Humanos , Edema da Córnea/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Descolamento Retiniano/cirurgia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Transplante de Córnea/efeitos adversos , Traumatismos Oculares/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Glaucoma/cirurgia , Afacia/cirurgia , Uveíte/complicaçõesRESUMO
This study was conducted in treatment-naive adults with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, to assess the safety, bactericidal activity, and pharmacokinetics of nitazoxanide (NTZ). This was a prospective phase II clinical trial in 30 adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. Twenty participants received 1 g of NTZ orally twice daily for 14 days. A control group of 10 participants received standard therapy over 14 days. The primary outcome was the change in time to culture positivity (TTP) in an automated liquid culture system. The most common adverse events seen in the NTZ group were gastrointestinal complaints and headache. The mean change in TTP in sputum over 14 days in the NTZ group was 3.2 h ± 22.6 h and was not statistically significant (P = 0.56). The mean change in TTP in the standard therapy group was significantly increased, at 134 h ± 45.2 h (P < 0.0001). The mean NTZ MIC for Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates was 12.3 µg/ml; the mean NTZ maximum concentration (Cmax) in plasma was 10.2 µg/ml. Negligible NTZ levels were measured in sputum. At the doses used, NTZ did not show bactericidal activity against M. tuberculosis Plasma concentrations of NTZ were below the MIC, and its negligible accumulation in pulmonary sites may explain the lack of bactericidal activity. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT02684240.).
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/farmacocinética , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Nitrocompostos/farmacocinética , Nitrocompostos/uso terapêutico , Tiazóis/farmacocinética , Tiazóis/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Antituberculosos/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Haiti , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Nitrocompostos/efeitos adversos , Escarro/microbiologia , Tiazóis/efeitos adversos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Based on the hypothesis that neonatal autologous red blood cell (RBC) survival (RCS) is substantially shorter than adult RBC, we concurrently tracked the survival of transfused biotin-labeled autologous neonatal and allogeneic adult RBC into ventilated, very low birth weight infants. STUDY DESIGN: RBC aliquots from the first clinically ordered, allogeneic adult RBC transfusion and from autologous infant blood were labeled at separate biotin densities (biotin-labeled RBC [BioRBC]) and transfused. Survival of these BioRBCs populations were concurrently followed over weeks by flow cytometric enumeration using leftover blood. Relative tracking of infant autologous and adult allogeneic BioRBC was analyzed by linear mixed modeling of batched weekly data. When possible, Kidd antigen (Jka and Jkb) mismatches between infant and donor RBCs were also used to track these 2 populations. RESULTS: Contrary to our hypothesis, concurrent tracking curves of RCS of neonatal and adult BioRBC in 15 study infants did not differ until week 7, after which neonatal RCS became shortened to 59%-79% of adult enumeration values for uncertain reasons. Analysis of mismatched Kidd antigen RBC showed similar results, thus, confirming that BioRBC tracking is not perturbed by biotin RBC labeling. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates the utility of multidensity BioRBC labeling for concurrent measurement of RCS of multiple RBC populations in vivo. The similar RCS results observed for neonatal and adult BioRBCs transfused into very low birth weight infants provides strong evidence that the circulatory environment of the newborn infant, not intrinsic infant-adult RBC differences, is the primary determinant of erythrocyte survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00731588.
Assuntos
Biotina/química , Transfusão de Eritrócitos/métodos , Adulto , Biotinilação , Sobrevivência Celular , Eritropoese , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Kidd , Masculino , Modelos Teóricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Transplante Autólogo , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
The purine nucleoside adenosine is clinically employed in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia. In addition, it has direct coronary vasodilatory effects, and may influence platelet aggregation. Experimental observations mechanistically link extracellular adenosine to cellular adaptation to hypoxia. Adenosine generation has been implicated in several pathophysiologic processes including angiogenesis, tumor defenses and neurodegeneration. In solid organ transplantation, prolonged tissue ischemia and subsequent reperfusion injury may lead to profound graft dysfunction. Importantly, conditions of limited oxygen availability are associated with increased production of extracellular adenosine and subsequent tissue protection. Within the rapidly expanding field of adenosine biology, several enzymatic steps in adenosine production have been characterized and multiple receptor subtypes have been identified. In this review, we briefly examine the biologic steps involved in adenosine generation and chronicle the current state of adenosine signaling in hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury.
Assuntos
Adenosina/metabolismo , Isquemia/metabolismo , Hepatopatias/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Animais , Humanos , Isquemia/patologia , Isquemia/prevenção & controle , Hepatopatias/patologia , Hepatopatias/prevenção & controle , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controleRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that contributed to intervention effectiveness in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention projects targeting youth. METHODS: Eleven AIDS prevention projects funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation whose target populations consisted of at least 60% youth were studied. A blended methodology resulted in quantitative data (i.e., survey responses) from all 11 projects supplemented with qualitative data (i.e., open-ended interviews) drawn from in-depth site visits to six projects. RESULTS: Projects reported using a mean of 16.6 intervention activities (selected from a list of 30). Six activities were used by all 11 projects. Small group discussions were rated as one of three most effective activities by 72.7% of the projects that used them. Project staff identified three elements of effective interventions: involvement of peer educators, recognition of the role of adults (e.g., parents, teachers), and use of structured settings to gain access to the target population (e.g., schools, clubs). CONCLUSIONS: The most powerful strategies described by project staff for reaching adolescents at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission also bring considerable challenges. Opportunity costs associated with using peer educators, gatekeeper support, and structured settings may include limited control of the message, impaired credibility, and failure to reach those youth at greatest risk of HIV infection, respectively. Health educators will do well to consider the advantages and disadvantages of these factors when developing, implementing, and evaluating AIDS prevention programs for youth.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Prevenção Primária/métodos , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Adolescente , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Grupo Associado , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Porto Rico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados UnidosRESUMO
In this intervention, participants design and implement an HIV/AIDS prevention project for Mexican homosexual men. The intervention is consistent with, and contributes to, empowerment theory because it enhances collective action, provides opportunities to develop knowledge and skills, creates needed resources, and includes shared control with professional and among participants. The intervention described provides an illustration of an empowering process and distinguishes itself from empowerment outcomes. An evaluation of the project is also described, but the outcomes were HIV/AIDS-related behaviors rather than psychological empowerment of the participants. The results suggest that the participants' HIV/AIDS knowledge and preventive behavior improved when compared to individuals who did not participate in the intervention. In addition, the intervention generated community change initiated by participants. Implications for designing interventions using an empowerment approach are discussed.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Etnicidade/educação , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Educação em Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Homossexualidade Masculina/psicologia , Poder Psicológico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/psicologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Adulto , Bissexualidade/psicologia , Etnicidade/psicologia , Seguimentos , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Humanos , Controle Interno-Externo , Masculino , México , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de SaúdeRESUMO
Little knowledge exists about AIDS and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among Latin American gay males. In Latin America, sexual transmission from man to man is the leading cause of HIV infection. In Mexico, which ranks third in number of AIDS cases in the Americas, more than three-quarters of the cases are due to sexual transmission; among these cases, 35% and 23.7% are due to homosexual and bisexual male practices, respectively. A sample of 200 individuals from Juarez, Mexico, a city on the U.S. border, was interviewed. Information about their AIDS knowledge, sexual behavior, and condom use was obtained. Factory workers and individuals who meet sexual partners in the streets reported more sexual partners than workers in service or professional occupations and those who meet their partners in bars and discos. Number of sexual partners and respondents' age were inversely associated with condom use. Implications for HIV prevention are discussed.
PIP: Two hundred gay and bisexual men of mean age 26.4 years from Juarez, Mexico, were interviewed by the Mexican Federation of PRivate Associations for Community Development (FEMAP) about their AIDS knowledge, sexual behavior, and condom use. 88% were single and never married. 66% self-identified as being gay, 29% as bisexual, and 2% as transvestites; 10% reported having sex for money. 14% had had at least one sexually transmitted disease and 57% were negative about condom use. Having an average 4.46 sex partner/month, most respondents were knowledgeable about HIV transmission routes, AIDS symptoms, and HIV antibody tests. 75% and 77.5%, respectively, reported practicing receptive anal intercourse and insertive anal intercourse. They used condoms an average of 6.47 times in their most recent ten sexual encounters. By profession and social behavior, factory workers and individuals who recruit sex partners from the street reported having more sex partners than service and professional workers and those who meet their partners in bars and discos. Further, the number of sex partners and respondents' age were inversely associated with condom use. These findings clearly highlight the failure of knowledge about HIV to bring about change in sexual behavior among certain subpopulations in the study area. Since homosexuality remains unaccepted in Mexican society, the author suggests targeted peer education and small-group session prevention efforts which do not confront mainstream social structure and values.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Bissexualidade/psicologia , Comparação Transcultural , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Homossexualidade/psicologia , Comportamento Sexual , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/psicologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Adulto , Preservativos , Educação em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a simplified oral health programme on attitudes to and knowledge of preventive dentistry. The subjects were Chilean refugees and the programme was delivered at one or two sessions in the form of group information/discussion. Because of increasing immigration, Sweden has become a multicultural society. The number of non-Nordic immigrants has doubled in the past decade. The major refugee groups have come from Iran, Chile and Poland. The subjects comprised 193 Chilean refugees: 106 in a single-visit group and 87 in a two-visit group. The oral health programme was completed by 94 and 65 subjects respectively and was evaluated after 6 months. Positive effects were discernible in attitudes to and knowledge of preventive dentistry, particularly with respect to oral hygiene. A key to success may have been group discussion in which the refugees could relate oral health problems to their own ethnic group. This could have an important function in bridging cultural, linguistic and situational barriers. Different forms of outreach programmes for oral health via groups, organisations or authorities in close contact with refugees shortly after arrival in Sweden are proposed. This approach may be particularly effective in a multicultural society and also in the context of the turbulent conditions the newly-arrived refugee experiences.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Assistência Odontológica/psicologia , Educação em Saúde Bucal , Odontologia Preventiva , Refugiados , Chile/etnologia , Índice CPO , Dentição , Comportamento Alimentar , Humanos , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificação , Higiene Bucal , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Autoimagem , SuéciaRESUMO
A simplified dental health program for newly arrived refugees was evaluated. The efficacy of presenting the program in one instructional session or two was compared. 193 Chilean refugees, granted residency in Stockholm in Spring 1981 or in Spring 1982, participated. The subjects were divided into two groups. One group received a dental health program only at the first visit, in conjunction with the baseline examination, and the other group was recalled for a further session 3 months after the baseline examination. Both groups were recalled for evaluation 6 months after the initial visit. At follow-up the groups comprised 94 and 65 subjects respectively. The mean relative reductions in gingivitis (relating GBI reduction to baseline GBI) were 33.2% (95% < I: 29.1 to 37.3%) in the single-visit group and 40.5% (95% < I: 35.9 to 45.8%) in the two-visit group. The reduction in periodontal pocket depth was mainly a reduction of shallow pockets. The maximum effect was attained after one instructional session.
Assuntos
Educação em Saúde Bucal , Doenças Periodontais/prevenção & controle , Refugiados , Ensino/métodos , Doenças Dentárias/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Chile/etnologia , Dispositivos para o Cuidado Bucal Domiciliar , Profilaxia Dentária , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hemorragia Gengival/prevenção & controle , Gengivite/prevenção & controle , Educação em Saúde Bucal/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Higiene Bucal , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/prevenção & controle , SuéciaRESUMO
In recent years the impact of ever-increasing numbers of refugees on the resources of the host countries has become a global concern. Health personnel face unanticipated demands complicated by different cultural, ethnic and religious factors and an unfamiliar disease panorama. Sweden today has around 1 million immigrants, 15% of the population. The aim of this thesis was to describe oral status with respect to caries and periodontal conditions, to analyse the need for dental treatment, to evaluate the effect of a preventive dental health programme, to study attitudes and knowledge of preventive dentistry and to describe and analyse utilization of dental services by different groups of adult refugees in Sweden. Three different methods were used: a descriptive clinical survey of a random sample of 193 Chilean and 92 Polish refugees, an experimental survey of a random sample of 159 Chilean refugees and a register survey, using national health statistics, consisting of a random sample of 2,489 refugees arriving in Sweden 1975-1985. The Chilean and Polish refugees had markedly poorer oral status than corresponding Swedish population groups. No association could be found between oral health or estimated treatment need and the length of time in Sweden. The simplified preventive program in the form of group discussion had a lasting effect on improved periodontal conditions and also improved knowledge of dental health care in the group of Chilean refugees. The register survey showed a generally low utilization of dental services but a high dental consumption among adult refugees in Sweden. The total treatment time for a course of treatment showed no marked decrease with subsequent courses of treatment. Immigration may have a profound effect on oral health care needs in a given population by introducing undetermined accumulated needs for oral care, and by stimulating changes in attitudes to and preferences in oral health and care.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Serviços de Saúde Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Refugiados/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise de Variância , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Chile/etnologia , Cárie Dentária/etnologia , Inquéritos de Saúde Bucal , Educação em Saúde Bucal , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Doenças Periodontais/etnologia , Polônia/etnologia , Análise de Regressão , Inquéritos e Questionários , Suécia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to estimate dental treatment need in groups of Chilean and Polish refugees in Sweden. Of the Nordic countries, Sweden accepts the greatest number of refugees. An average of 5000 refugees arrived annually in 1981-85, increasing to 15,000 during 1986-87. Refugees and their families now comprise 93% of non-Nordic immigration. In 1981-83 a sample of 193 Chilean and 92 Polish refugees in the county of Stockholm was selected for this study. Dental treatment needs were calculated in accordance with CPITN and the working study of Swedish dentistry, which formed the basis for the Swedish scale of dental fees for the National Dental Insurance Scheme. The estimated mean treatment time (+/- SD) in the Chilean sample was 6.9 +/- 2.3 h and in the Polish group 8.4 +/- 3.0; in comparison with estimated treatment needs in a Swedish material, both would be classified as extreme risk groups. There was no correlation between the number of months in Sweden and the estimated treatment needs. The results indicate a cumulative, unmet need for dental care in these groups. Barriers to ensuring adequate health care for immigrants persist; special outreach programmes, conducted by dental health personnel, may be an effective means of introducing immigrants to the Swedish dental care system.
Assuntos
Assistência Odontológica , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Refugiados , Adulto , Chile/etnologia , Restauração Dentária Permanente , Dentaduras , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Periodontais/terapia , Índice Periodontal , Polônia/etnologia , Tratamento do Canal Radicular , SuéciaRESUMO
In 1986-87, a qualitative research project was conducted in the Dominican Republic, Egypt, Indonesia, and Thailand to expand understanding of the acceptability of NORPLANT contraceptive implants beyond inferences made on the basis of continuation rates. In each of the four study sites, focus group discussions or in-depth interviews were held with potential acceptors, current NORPLANT users, discontinuers, husbands of women in these three groups, and service providers. Nonclinical participants generally had little formal education and lived primarily in urban or semi-urban areas where NORPLANT has been available for at least five years. The study focused on attitudes, perceptions, and experiences of each group regarding NORPLANT implants. Results suggest that factors having an impact on the acceptability of NORPLANT implants fall into three general categories: medical/technical, cultural/religious, and informational/educational. This article discusses each of these categories, including programmatic implications of the findings, and puts forward recommendations for enhancing NORPLANT introduction efforts on the basis of these findings.
PIP: In 1986-87, a qualitative research project was done in Thailand, Egypt, Indonesia, and the Dominican Republic to expand knowledge of the acceptability of NORPLANT contraceptive implants beyond continuation rates. In each of the 4 studies, in-depth interviews or focus group discussions were held with current NORPLANT users, potential acceptors, discontinuers, husband of women in the 3 groups, and service providers. The 4 countries were chosen because of their diverse cultures and religions. Most participants favored family planning. Many had used other contraceptives. Men and women in all countries were worried that oral female contraceptive agents (the pill) caused cancer. There were many objections to the IUD. In all countries but Thailand, there was little knowledge of NORPLANT. In the Dominican Republic, NORPLANT was used mostly as a child spacing method. In Indonesia, it was used for child spacing and termination of childbearing. Perceived advantages were alike in all countries. Pain during insertion and removal was a big concern of potential users. Men and women in all countries said that religion and traditional beliefs did not influence their family planning decisions. But many said that religion influenced their tolerance of side effects. In Egypt and Indonesia sterilization is unpopular because it is seen as violating Islamic law. Irregular bleeding was the major side effect and the main reason for discontinuation. Many satisfied users felt that the advantaged outweighed the side effects. Primary reasons for removal in all countries were irregular bleeding, amenorrhea, and the desire to give birth. The need for information was mentioned in all countries. In Egypt, Indonesia, and Thailand services providers reported the need for more thorough training in insertion and removal as well as continuing education sessions.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Consumidor , Anticoncepcionais Femininos , Norgestrel/administração & dosagem , Comunicação , Anticoncepcionais Femininos/efeitos adversos , Cultura , República Dominicana , Implantes de Medicamento , Egito , Feminino , Humanos , Indonésia , Levanogestrel , Masculino , Gravidez , Religião , Tailândia , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
A survey on the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Hymenolepis nana was conducted in two adjacent, but socioeconomically distinct, urban Costa Rican communities: a squatter settlement and a community with access to modern sewage facilities. The prevalence of these infections was significantly higher in the former. Although squatter children (1-14 years old) were more heavily infected with A. lumbricoides and H. nana than squatter adults, the same pattern was not observed for T. trichiura. The results suggest that local community-based helminthic parasite surveys may more accurately portray the actual health status of socioeconomically diverse urban populations.
Assuntos
Ascaríase/epidemiologia , Himenolepíase/epidemiologia , Tricuríase/epidemiologia , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Animais , Ascaríase/parasitologia , Ascaris lumbricoides/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Costa Rica/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Humanos , Himenolepíase/parasitologia , Hymenolepis/isolamento & purificação , Lactente , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Tricuríase/parasitologia , Trichuris/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine dental health status in two separate groups of Chilean and Polish refugees in Sweden. In Scandinavia, Sweden has the largest number of immigrants--1 million out of a population of 8.3 million. Since 1975, most immigrants have been refugees and their families. During 1978-82 Sweden granted residency to 20,000 refugees, the two largest groups being Chileans and Poles. In 1981-83 a sample of 193 Chilean and 92 Polish refugees in the county of Stockholm were selected for this study. The investigation consisted of a questionnaire followed by clinical examination, including roentgenograms. The average age was 34.0 years in the Chilean group and 34.8 years in the Polish group. The Chileans had been in Sweden for 17.3 months on an average and the Poles for 16.0 months. The Chileans had an average of 10.0 carious surfaces, D(s), and the Poles 11.3. Gingivitis was recorded in 87% of the total number of sites examined in the Chilean group. The corresponding figure in the Polish group was 79%. Of the Chileans 36.5% and of the Poles 32.5% had periodontal pockets measuring more than 5 mm. The results indicate that, when compared with Swedish individuals of a corresponding age, the refugee groups have a high prevalence of caries and periodontal disease.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Refugiados , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Chile/etnologia , Cárie Dentária/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Arcada Parcialmente Edêntula/epidemiologia , Arcada Parcialmente Edêntula/etnologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Periodontais/etnologia , Polônia/etnologia , SuéciaRESUMO
This special report discusses the significance and potential benefit of portraying men in nontraditional sex roles within pictorial instructional print materials on health and child care. It is based on the cognitive and behavioral findings of a comparative research study conducted in selected rural and periurban areas of Mexico on the use of two versions of an ORS pictorial pamphlet. Major findings of the study were: (1) portraying nontraditional sex roles for men in the ORS pamphlet did not reduce the credibility of technical information contained in the pamphlet; (2) a significantly greater number of subjects preferred the version that portrayed the father figure as co-caretaker of a sick child. These unexpected results have important implications for instructional and motivational communication and health education projects throughout the developing world.
Assuntos
Relações Pai-Filho , Identidade de Gênero , Identificação Psicológica , Estereotipagem , Materiais de Ensino , Feminino , Educação em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , México , Folhetos , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Os autores apresentam um caso da doenca de Wolman, tambem conhecida como xantomatose familiar ou lipidose familiar de Wolman, caracterizada pela deposicao de esteres de colesterol no SRE e calcificacao bilateral das adrenais. A doenca apresenta-se precocemente na vida e evolui com progressiva hepatoesplenomegalia e ma absorcao intestinal. O prognostico e fatal