RESUMO
Three-dimensional (3D) laser surface scanning analysis has taken hold in orthodontics, as well as craniomaxillofacial and plastic surgery as a new tool that can navigate away from the limitations of conventional two-dimensional methods. Various techniques for 3D reconstruction of the face have been used in diagnosis, treatment planning and simulation, and outcomes follow-up. The aim of the current prospective study was to present some technical aspects for the assessment of facial changes after orthodontic and orthognathic surgery treatment using 3D laser surface scanning. The technique proposed for facial surface shape analysis represented three-dimensionally the expected surgical changes, and the reduction of the postoperative swelling was verified. This study provides technical information from the data collection to the 3D virtual soft-tissue analysis that can be useful for diagnostic information, treatment planning, future comparisons of treatment stability or facial postoperative swelling, and soft-tissue profile assessment.
Assuntos
Face , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Lasers , Má Oclusão/cirurgia , Bochecha/patologia , Queixo/patologia , Queixo/cirurgia , Assimetria Facial/patologia , Assimetria Facial/cirurgia , Músculos Faciais/patologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Holografia , Humanos , Lábio/patologia , Masculino , Má Oclusão/terapia , Mandíbula/patologia , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Maxila/patologia , Maxila/cirurgia , Nariz/patologia , Ortodontia Corretiva , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente , Estudos Prospectivos , Interface Usuário-ComputadorRESUMO
Because the pharynx and the dentofacial structures have close relationship, a mutual interaction can be expected to occur between them. The literature presents skeletal malocclusion as etiology for airway morphology changes and/or vice versa. The present three-dimensional cephalometric study from computed tomography scans was carried out to investigate upper airway space in normal nasal breathing patients presenting skeletal pattern of classes II and III. In addition, the statistical analysis was done according to gender criterion. The results revealed that the majority of the airway measurements have not been affected by type of malocclusion. The three-dimensional technology used in this study also allowed the volume and surface area calculations, and no statistical significance was found. The retroglossal width and posterior nasal cavity height mean were larger in males than females in the class II group, but volume and cross-section area were not statistically significant. However, in class III group, although the differences in linear and angular measures means were not significant, the retropalatal volume and retroglossal volume and cross-section area were larger in males. The authors highlight that the evaluation of upper airway space should be an integral part of diagnosis and treatment planning to achieve functional balance and stability of the results.
Assuntos
Cefalometria/métodos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle/diagnóstico por imagem , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle/diagnóstico por imagem , Faringe/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada Espiral/métodos , Adolescente , Anatomia Transversal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Maxila/diagnóstico por imagem , Cavidade Nasal/diagnóstico por imagem , Nasofaringe/diagnóstico por imagem , Nariz/fisiologia , Palato/diagnóstico por imagem , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente , Respiração , Fatores Sexuais , Língua/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Arthrogryposis is the name given to a group of musculoskeletal disorders characterized by multiple joint contractures through the body that are present at birth. There are many causes for congenital limitations of the range of motion of a joint. However, the most common form of arthrogryposis, present in 40% of cases, is a condition called amyoplasia. In many cases, abnormal nerve, muscle, and connective tissue development is involved. Hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, hips, feet, knees, back, and jaws are affected. Because of the complexity of tissue alterations and implications in normal facial growth, the authors of this article address the aspects related to clinical manifestations and therapeutic planning for patients with this condition who seek orthodontic treatment or orthognathic surgery.