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Wearable thermoelectric generators provide a reliable power generation method for self-powered wearable electronic devices. However, there has been a lack of research regarding the comfort of wearable thermoelectric generators. Here we propose a design for a comfortable wearable thermoelectric generators system with high output power based on sandwiched thermoelectric model. This model paves the way for simultaneously optimizing comfort (skin temperature and pressure perception) and output power by systematically considering a variety of thermal resistive environments and bending states, the properties of the thermoelectric and encapsulation materials, and the device structure. To verify this strategy, we fabricate wearable thermoelectric generators using Mg-based thermoelectric materials. These materials have great potential for replacing traditional Bi2Te3-based materials and enable our wearable thermoelectric generators with a power density of 18.4 µWcm-2 under a wearing pressure of 0.8 kPa and with a skin temperature of 33 °C, ensuring the wearer's comfort.
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Intrinsic superconductivity is rarely discovered in sp2-hybridized monolayer carbon allotropes. Here we design a carbon monolayer configured of pentagon, heptagon, and hexagon rings with p2 plane group symmetry. Full-sp2 hybridization is proposed to favor thermal metastability on a low Gibbs free energy. The extremely small thermal expansion coefficient is predicted to the turn negative value to positive with elevating temperature. Carbon polygon structures remain intact at a high thermal temperature of 3,000 K. The high specific surface area is found to approach 2,700 m2/g, with O2-adsorption being advantageous over pristine graphene. We reveal electronic Fermi surfaces mediated by phonon modes of carbon out-of-plane vibrations. By calculating the Eliashberg equation, we evaluate intrinsic superconductivity with a large electron-phonon coupling coefficient. The superconducting transition temperature is estimated to reach 20 K under a high logarithmic average frequency. These first-principles calculations shall stimulate experimentalists' interest in exploring low-dimensional carbon superconductors with gas sensitivity.
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Nicotine, the primary constituent of tobacco, is one of the important factors that induce the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The ß2-adrenergic receptor (ß2-AR) is implicated in the growth and advancement of tumors. However, the role of ß2-AR and its mediated cascades in nicotine-induced HCC remains unclear. This present study aims to observe the effects of nicotine on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of immortalized human liver epithelial (THLE-2) cells, as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms of action. The results of cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay showed that 0.3125⯵M nicotine had the ability to promote the proliferation of THLE-2 cells with a significant time-dependent manner. Therefore, THLE-2 cells were mainly selected for chronic treatment with 0.3125⯵M nicotine in the later stage to cause transformation. After 30 passages of THLE-2 cells with 0.3125⯵M nicotine treatment, chronic exposure to nicotine significantly enhanced the proliferation, metastasis, and invasion of cells. Besides, it also upregulated the intracellular levels of ß2-AR, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and Cyclin D1, as well as downregulated the expression of p53. More importantly, the ß2-AR/PI3K/AKT pathway was found to mediate the expression of MMP-2, Cyclin D1, and p53 in THLE-2 cells, playing a crucial role in their proliferation, migration, and invasion after continuous exposure to nicotine. Simply put, it demonstrated the role of ß2-AR/PI3K/AKT pathway in the transformation of THLE-2 cells induced by nicotine. This study could provide valuable insights into the relationship between nicotine and HCC. Additionally, it lays the groundwork for investigating potential anticancer treatments for liver cancer linked to tobacco consumption.
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Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Nicotina , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2 , Transdução de Sinais , Nicotina/toxicidade , Nicotina/farmacologia , Humanos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/metabolismo , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Invasividade Neoplásica , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/induzido quimicamente , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/patologiaRESUMO
Effective thermal management is crucial for the performance and stability of modern electronics, emphasizing the demand for high thermal conductivity (κ). This review summarizes the latest development in highκ, discussing the emerging theories, innovative materials and practical applications for interfacial heat dissipation. Unique phononic thermal transport behaviors are discussed, including four phonon-phonon scattering, hydrodynamic phonons, surface phonon-polaritons, and more. The review also highlights innovative materials with highκ, such as two-dimensional pentagonal structures, boron carbon nitrogen structures, hexagonal boron arsenide andθ-phase tantalum nitride. In addition, the potential of polymer composites reinforced with highκfillers and surface engineering for advanced electronic applications are also discussed. By integrating these theoretical approaches and material innovations, this review offers comprehensive strategies for enhancing thermal management in modern electronic devices.
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An interesting question is whether chalcogen atoms can emulate the role of carbon or boron elements stabilized between two transition metal layers, as observed in MXenes or MBenes. Here, we predict a new family of two-dimensional ternary compounds M4XY2 (where M = Pd, Y, Zr, etc.; X = S, Se, Te; and Y = Cl, Br, I), named M-chalcogene. Through first-principles calculations, we reveal diverse physical properties in these compounds, including superconducting, topological, and magnetic characteristics, where the bilayer transition metals play crucial roles. Moreover, the expected helical edge states and superconducting transition temperatures in Pd4SCl2 can be finely tuned by strains. Additionally, the Ti4SCl2 is predicted to be a topological insulator and shows promise as a gas sensor candidate for certain exotic gases. Our findings expand two-dimensional material families and provide promising platforms for diverse physical phenomena with efficient tunability by external stimuli for various applications.
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Constituents of cigarette smoke are known to be carcinogens. Additionally, there is mounting evidence that the liver is an organ susceptible to tobacco carcinogenicity. Nicotine, the primary constituent of tobacco, plays a role in cancer progression. In our previous study, it was found that nicotine enhances the proliferation of a human normal fetal hepatic (WRL68) cell due to the activation of p53 mutation at Ser249 (p53-RS)/STAT1/CCND1 signaling pathway. Here, we further elucidated the mechanism of regulating this pathway. Firstly, dose-dependent increase of SETDB1 protein level in WRL68 cells upon exposure to nicotine (1.25, 2.5, and 5⯵M), significantly enhanced cellular proliferation. In addition, the upregulation of SETDB1 protein was necessary for the nuclear translocation of p53-RS to establish a ternary complex with STAT1 and SETDB1, which facilitated p53-RS di-methylation at K370 (p53-RS/K370me2). After that, the activation of CCND1/PI3K/AKT pathway was initiated when STAT1 stability was enhanced by p53-RS/K370me2, ultimately resulting in cell proliferation. Altogether, the study revealed that the increase in SETDB1 expression could potentially have a significant impact on the activation of CCND1/PI3K/AKT pathway through p53-RS/K370me2, leading to the proliferation of WRL68 cells induced by nicotine, which could contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma for smokers. Besides, the results of this study provided a foundation for the development of anticancer therapies for cancers associated with tobacco use.
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Proliferação de Células , Ciclina D1 , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase , Nicotina , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Transdução de Sinais , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53 , Humanos , Nicotina/toxicidade , Ciclina D1/metabolismo , Ciclina D1/genética , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/genética , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Metilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Fator de Transcrição STAT1/metabolismoRESUMO
With the high yield of many wells represented by Well JT1 in the Maokou Formation, has catalyzed a surge in exploration activities along the platform margin facies of the Maokou Formation in central Sichuan and further showed the significant exploration potential of the Maokou Formation in the northern slope. However, the fracture cave body of the Maokou Formation exhibits a high degree of development, strong longitudinal and horizontal heterogeneity, large formation pressure differences, and drilling events such as gas kicks and lost circulation occur frequently, which seriously affects the efficient implementation of drilling. Understanding the spatial distribution of the three-pressure in the formation can help better deal with and solve the above problems. Therefore, in order to help the safe, high-quality and rapid drilling of the Maokou Formation in the study area, and enhance the efficiency of oil and gas development, this paper explores the research on the prediction method of the three-pressure of jointing well-seismic data based on the geomechanical experimental data and the actual drilling data. In the process of prediction of pore pressure, this study found that the pore pressure and formation velocity in the study area have an exponential relationship. In order to enhance the applicability of the Filippone's method in the study area and improve the prediction accuracy of pore pressure, the linear relationship between pore pressure and formation velocity in the Filippone's method is modified to an exponential relationship, and a pore pressure prediction model suitable for the work area was established. Based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion and Huang's model, the prediction models of collapse pressure and fracture pressure applicable to the study area were established, respectively. Then, the elastic parameters were obtained through pre-stack inversion, and the three-pressure bodies were calculated based on the elastic parameter bodies. The results indicate that: (1) The three-pressure prediction method of the jointing well-seismic data in this paper can predict the formation's longitudinal and transverse pressure anomaly zones in advance. (2) The Maokou Formation in the study area is characterized by abnormally high pressure, to balance the pressure of the high-ground formation, high-density drilling fluid is necessary. (3) The prediction results of three-pressure in this paper are highly consistent with the actual drilling engineering events, which verifies the reliability of the three-pressure prediction results presented in this study. The results of the study can provide a basis for decision-making in drilling geological design, such as the determination of drilling fluid density, the evaluation of borehole stability and other engineering problems that require support from three-pressure data.
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Due to the minimization and integration of micro/nano-devices, the high density of interfaces becomes a significant challenge in various applications. Phonon modes at interface resulting from the mismatch between inhomogeneous functional counterparts are crucial for interfacial thermal transport and overall thermal management of micro/nano-devices, making it a topic of great research interest recently. Here, we comprehensively review the recent advances on the theoretical and experimental investigations of interfacial phonon mode and its impact on interfacial thermal transport. Firstly, we summarize the recent progresses of the theoretical and experimental characterization of interfacial phonon modes at various interfaces, along with the overview of the development of diverse methodologies. Then, the impact of interfacial phonon modes on interfacial thermal transport process are discussed from the normal modal decomposition and inelastic scattering mechanisms. Meanwhile, we examine various factors influencing the interfacial phonon modes and interfacial thermal transport, including temperature, interface roughness, interfacial mass gradient, interfacial disorder, and so on. Finally, an outlook is provided for future studies. This review provides a fundamental understanding of interfacial phonon modes and their impact on interfacial thermal transport, which would be beneficial for the exploration and optimization of thermal management in various micro/nano-devices with high density interfaces.
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Background: Acanthamoeba castellanii infection is a rare condition primarily occurring in immunocompromised patients with extremely high mortality. Currently, there is no standard treatment for this condition, and successful treatment reports are scarce. Case presentation: We present a case of Acanthamoeba castellanii infection in a 63-year-old female patient with AIDS, who was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of fever, skin ulcers, subcutaneous nodules, and food regurgitation from the nose while eating. After initial empirical treatment failed, a biopsy of the subcutaneous nodule was performed, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology was used to detect pathogenic microorganisms in both the biopsy specimen and blood samples. The results revealed Acanthamoeba castellanii infection. Additionally, histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen and cytological examination of the secretions from the ulcer surface also confirmed this pathogenic infection. The patient's symptoms significantly improved upon discharge after adjusting the treatment regimen to a combination of anti-amebic therapy. Conclusion: Immunocompromised patients presenting with unexplained fever and skin or sinus lesions should be evaluated for Acanthamoeba castellanii infection. Multi-drug combination therapy is required for this organism infection, and a standard treatment protocol still needs further research. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing is a valuable tool for early diagnosis of unknown pathogen infections.
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The gut has been a focus of chronic disease research. The gut microbiota produces metabolites that act as signaling molecules and substrates, closely influencing host health. Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDOs), as a common dietary fiber, play an important role in regulating the structure and function of the gut microbiota. Their mechanism of action is mainly attributed to providing a carbon source as specific probiotics, producing related metabolites, and regulating the gut microbial community. However, due to the selective utilization of oligosaccharides, some factors, such as the type and structure of oligosaccharides, have different impacts on the composition of microbial populations and the production of metabolites in the colon ecosystem. This review systematically describes the key factors influencing the selective utilization of oligosaccharides by microorganisms and elaborates how oligosaccharides affect the host's immune system, inflammation levels, and energy metabolism by regulating microbial diversity and metabolic function, which in turn affects the onset and progress of chronic diseases, especially diabetes, obesity, depression, intestinal inflammatory diseases, and constipation. In this review, we re-examine the interaction mechanisms between the gut microbiota and its associated metabolites and diseases, and we explore new strategies for promoting human health and combating chronic diseases through dietary interventions.
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Introduction: This study aims to establish a comprehensive, multi-level approach for tackling tropical diseases by proactively anticipating and managing Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome (PICS) within the initial 14 days of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. The primary objective is to amalgamate a diverse array of indicators and pathogenic microbial data to pinpoint pivotal predictive variables, enabling effective intervention specifically tailored to the context of tropical diseases. Methods: A focused analysis was conducted on 1733 patients admitted to the ICU between December 2016 and July 2019. Utilizing the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, disease severity and laboratory indices were scrutinized. The identified variables served as the foundation for constructing a predictive model designed to forecast the occurrence of PICS. Results: Among the subjects, 13.79% met the diagnostic criteria for PICS, correlating with a mortality rate of 38.08%. Key variables, including red-cell distribution width coefficient of variation (RDW-CV), hemofiltration (HF), mechanical ventilation (MV), Norepinephrine (NE), lactic acidosis, and multiple-drug resistant bacteria (MDR) infection, were identified through LASSO regression. The resulting predictive model exhibited a robust performance with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.828, an accuracy of 0.862, and a specificity of 0.977. Subsequent validation in an independent cohort yielded an AUC of 0.848. Discussion: The acquisition of RDW-CV, HF requirement, MV requirement, NE requirement, lactic acidosis, and MDR upon ICU admission emerges as a pivotal factor for prognosticating PICS onset in the context of tropical diseases. This study highlights the potential for significant improvements in clinical outcomes through the implementation of timely and targeted interventions tailored specifically to the challenges posed by tropical diseases.
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The glutenite reservoir in an exploration area in eastern China is well-developed and holds significant exploration potential as an important oil and gas alternative layer. However, due to the influence of sedimentary characteristics, the glutenite reservoir exhibits strong lateral heterogeneity, significant vertical thickness variations, and low accuracy in reservoir space characterization, which affects the reasonable and effective deployment of development wells. Seismic data contains the three-dimensional spatial characteristics of geological bodies, but how to design a suitable transfer function to extract the nonlinear relationship between seismic data and reservoirs is crucial. At present, the transfer functions are concentrated in low-dimensional or high-dimensional fixed mathematical models, which cannot accurately describe the nonlinear relationship between seismic data and complex reservoirs, resulting in low spatial description accuracy of complex reservoirs. In this regard, this paper first utilizes a fusion method based on probability kernel to fuse seismic attributes such as wave impedance, effective bandwidth, and composite envelope difference. This provide a more intuitive reflection of the distribution characteristics of glutenite reservoirs. Moreover, a hybrid nonlinear transfer function is established to transform the fused attribute cube into an opaque attribute cube. Finally, the illumination model and ray casting method are used to perform voxel imaging of the glutenite reservoirs, brighten the detailed characteristics of reservoir space, and then form a set of methods for ' brightening reservoirs and darkening non-reservoirs ', which improves the spatial engraving accuracy of glutenite reservoirs.
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BACKGROUND: In this study, we analyzed whether scalp nerve block with ropivacaine can improve the quality of rehabilitation in patients after meningioma resection. METHODS: We included 150 patients who were undergoing craniotomy in our hospital and categorized them into 2 groups - observation group (patients received an additional regional scalp nerve block anesthesia) and control group (patients underwent intravenous general anesthesia for surgery), using the random number table method approach (75 patients in each group). The main indicator of the study was the Karnofsky Performance Scale scores of patients at 3 days postoperatively, and the secondary indicator was the anesthesia satisfaction scores of patients after awakening from anesthesia. The application value of different anesthesia modes was studied and compared in the 2 groups. RESULTS: Patients in the observation group showed better anesthesia effects than those in the control group, with significantly higher Karnofsky Performance Scale scores at 3 days postoperatively (75.02 vs 66.43, Pâ <â .05) and anesthesia satisfaction scores. Compared with patients in the control group, patients in the observation group had lower pain degrees at different times after the surgery, markedly lower dose of propofol and remifentanil for anesthesia, and lower incidence of adverse reactions and postoperative complications. In addition, the satisfaction score of the patients and their families for the treatment was higher and the results of all the indicators were better in the observation group than in the control group, with statistically significant differences (Pâ <â .05). CONCLUSION: Scalp nerve block with ropivacaine significantly improves the quality of short-term postoperative rehabilitation in patients undergoing elective craniotomy for meningioma resection. This is presumably related to the improvements in intraoperative hemodynamics, relief from postoperative pain, and reduction in postoperative nausea and vomiting.
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Anestésicos Locais , Meningioma , Bloqueio Nervoso , Dor Pós-Operatória , Ropivacaina , Couro Cabeludo , Humanos , Bloqueio Nervoso/métodos , Meningioma/cirurgia , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ropivacaina/administração & dosagem , Ropivacaina/uso terapêutico , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Anestésicos Locais/uso terapêutico , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Adulto , Neoplasias Meníngeas/cirurgia , Craniotomia/efeitos adversos , Craniotomia/métodos , Satisfação do Paciente , Idoso , Avaliação de Estado de KarnofskyRESUMO
The relapse rate of substance abusers is high, and addiction rehabilitation adjunct drugs need to be developed urgently. There have been numerous reports on blocking the formation of substance addiction, but studies on drugs that can alleviate withdrawal symptoms are very limited. Both the dopamine transporter (DAT) hypothesis and D3 dopamine receptor (D3R) hypothesis are proposed. DAT activators reduce the extracellular dopamine level, and D3R antagonists reduce the neuron's sensitivity to dopamine, both of which may exacerbate the withdrawal symptoms subsequently. The D3R partial agonist SK608 has biased signaling properties via the G-protein-dependent pathway but did not induce D3R desensitization and, thus, may be a promising drug for the withdrawal symptoms. Drugs for serotoninergic neurons or GABAergic neurons and anti-inflammatory drugs may have auxiliary effects to addiction treatments. Drugs that promote structural synaptic plasticity are also discussed.
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Shock is a common critical illness characterized by microcirculatory disorders and insufficient tissue perfusion. Patients with shock and hemodynamic instability generally require vasopressors to maintain the target mean arterial pressure. Enteral nutrition (EN) is an important therapeutic intervention in critically ill patients and has unique benefits for intestinal recovery. However, the initiation of early EN in patients with shock receiving vasopressors remains controversial. Current guidelines make conservative and vague recommendations regarding early EN support in patients with shock. Increasing studies demonstrates that early EN delivery is safe and feasible in patients with shock receiving vasopressors; however, this evidence is based on observational studies. Changes in gastrointestinal blood flow vary by vasopressor and inotrope and are complex. The risk of gastrointestinal complications, especially the life-threatening complications of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia and non-occlusive bowel necrosis, cannot be ignored in patients with shock during early EN support. It remains a therapeutic challenge in critical care nutrition therapy to determine the initiation time of EN in patients with shock receiving vasopressors and the safe threshold region for initiating EN with vasopressors. Therefore, the current review aimed to summarize the evidence on the optimal and safe timing of early EN initiation in patients with shock receiving vasopressors to improve clinical practice.
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Estado Terminal , Nutrição Enteral , Choque , Vasoconstritores , Humanos , Vasoconstritores/uso terapêutico , Vasoconstritores/administração & dosagem , Nutrição Enteral/métodos , Choque/terapia , Estado Terminal/terapia , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Background: An increase in Heatstroke cases occurred in southwest China in 2022 due to factors like global warming, abnormal temperature rise, insufficient power supply, and other contributing factors. This resulted in a notable rise in Heatstroke patients experiencing varying degrees of organ dysfunction. This descriptive study aims to analyze the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of Heatstroke patients in the ICU, providing support for standardized diagnosis and treatment, ultimately enhancing the prognosis of Heatstroke. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter, descriptive analysis was conducted on Heatstroke patients admitted to ICUs across 83 hospitals in southwest China. Electronic medical records were utilized for data collection, encompassing various aspects such as epidemiological factors, onset symptoms, complications, laboratory data, concurrent infections, treatments, and patient outcomes. Results: The dataset primarily comprised classic heatstroke, with 477 males (55% of total). The patient population had a median age of 72 years (range: 63-80 years). The most common initial symptoms were fever, mental or behavioral abnormalities, and fainting. ICU treatment involved respiratory support, antibiotics, sedatives, and other interventions. Among the 700 ICU admissions, 213 patients had no infection, while 487 were diagnosed with infection, predominantly lower respiratory tract infection. Patients presenting with neurological symptoms initially (n = 715) exhibited higher ICU mortality risk compared to those without neurological symptoms (n = 104), with an odds ratio of 2.382 (95% CI 1.665, 4.870) (p = 0.017). Conclusion: In 2022, the majority of Heatstroke patients in southwest China experienced classical Heatstroke, with many acquiring infections upon admission to the ICU. Moreover, Heatstroke can result in diverse complications.
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Golpe de Calor , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Humanos , Golpe de Calor/epidemiologia , Golpe de Calor/mortalidade , Masculino , China/epidemiologia , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential risk of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) caused by the CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6is abemaciclib, ribociclib, and palbociclib by comprehensively analyzing the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Moreover, potential toxicological mechanisms of CDK4/6is-related liver injury were explored via drug-gene network analysis. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we collected reports of DILI associated with CDK4/6i use from the FAERS dated January 2014 to March 2023. We conducted disproportionality analyses using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Pathway enrichment analysis and drug-gene network analyses were subsequently performed to determine the potential mechanisms underlying CDK4/6i-induced liver injury. Results: We found positive signals for DILI with ribociclib (ROR = 2.60) and abemaciclib (ROR = 2.37). DILIs associated with liver-related investigations, signs, and symptoms were confirmed in all three reports of CDK4/6is. Moreover, ascites was identified as an unlisted hepatic adverse effect of palbociclib. We isolated 189 interactive target genes linking CDK4/6 inhibitors to hepatic injury. Several key genes, such as STAT3, HSP90AA1, and EP300, were revealed via protein-protein analysis, emphasizing their central roles within the network. KEGG pathway enrichment of these genes highlighted multiple pathways. Conclusion: Our study revealed variations in hepatobiliary toxicity among the different CDK4/6 inhibitors, with ribociclib showing the highest risk of liver injury, followed by abemaciclib, while palbociclib appeared relatively safe. Our findings emphasize the need for cautious use of CDK4/6 inhibitors, and regular liver function monitoring is recommended for long-term CDK4/6 inhibitor use.