RESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of minimally invasive tonsil surgery for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in children. Tonsil ablation or turbinate reduction was performed on 49 pediatric patients with OSAHS by minimally invasive tonsil surgery. In order to evaluate the efficacy of surgery, a comparison was conducted between pre-operation and post-operation data in terms of the symptoms, signs and polysomnography test. Total effectiveness rate of the surgery was 83.7%. Subgroup analysis was also performed based on the severity of their conditions: mild, moderate, and severe groups had an effectiveness rate of 90.0, 88.9, and 66.7%, respectively (Hc=6.665, P<0.05). Postoperatively, the apnea-hypopnea index, the minimum oxygen saturation (SaO2), and corresponding symptoms improved compared to pre-operation conditions (P<0.05). Minimally invasive tonsil surgery was a safe and effective method for treating OSAHS in children.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Ablação/métodos , Tonsila Palatina/cirurgia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/cirurgia , Técnicas de Ablação/instrumentação , Tonsila Faríngea/patologia , Tonsila Faríngea/cirurgia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertrofia/cirurgia , Masculino , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Tonsila Palatina/patologia , Polissonografia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of minimally invasive tonsil surgery for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in children. Tonsil ablation or turbinate reduction was performed on 49 pediatric patients with OSAHS by minimally invasive tonsil surgery. In order to evaluate the efficacy of surgery, a comparison was conducted between pre-operation and post-operation data in terms of the symptoms, signs and polysomnography test. Total effectiveness rate of the surgery was 83.7%. Subgroup analysis was also performed based on the severity of their conditions: mild, moderate, and severe groups had an effectiveness rate of 90.0, 88.9, and 66.7%, respectively (Hc=6.665, P<0.05). Postoperatively, the apnea-hypopnea index, the minimum oxygen saturation (SaO2), and corresponding symptoms improved compared to pre-operation conditions (P<0.05). Minimally invasive tonsil surgery was a safe and effective method for treating OSAHS in children.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Técnicas de Ablação/métodos , Tonsila Palatina/cirurgia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/cirurgia , Técnicas de Ablação/instrumentação , Tonsila Faríngea/patologia , Tonsila Faríngea/cirurgia , Hipertrofia/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Tonsila Palatina/patologia , Polissonografia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The accurate identification of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars is necessary to ensure purity for consumers, the effective utilization of cultivars, and to protect the intellectual property for breeders. Therefore, this study aimed to use SSR to construct DNA fingerprinting of orchardgrass cultivars. The genetic diversity of 32 orchardgrass cultivars originated from 21 countries, but grown in China, was assessed using a set of 29 SSR markers distributed across 9 linkage groups of the orchardgrass genome. A total of 229 bands were detected, with an average of 7.9 bands per marker. The average polymorphic rate for the species was 92.1%. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.771 to 0.893. The genetic similarity ranged from 0.55 to 0.84, which confirmed a high level of genetic diversity among orchardgrass cultivars. The unweighted pair-group method, in combination with the arithmetic mean algorithm (UPGMA) dendrogram and principal coordinate analysis, showed a separation of 6 major clusters among 32 cultivars. The number of distinguishable cultivars ranged from 3 to 23, with an average of 12.1 per primer. Moreover, 11 bands that showed stable and repeatable SSR patterns were amplified by A01E14, A01K14, and D02K13. These bands were used to develop the DNA fingerprints for 32 orchardgrass cultivars. In the DNA fingerprints constructed, each cultivar had a unique fingerprinting pattern that was easily distinguished from the others. These results indicate that the SSR marker was polymorphic, and reliable for use in potential large-scale DNA fingerprinting of orchardgrass cultivars.
Assuntos
Dactylis/classificação , Dactylis/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Ligação Genética , Variação Genética , Filogenia , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
The genus Lolium is one of the most important groupings of temperate forage grasses, including about eight recognized species that are native to some temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere. We examined genetic relationships among 18 accessions representing all Lolium species using RAPD markers. Among 50 random primers that we screened, 13 gave reproducible amplification banding patterns. Each of these 13 primers generated 19-43 scorable fragments. A total of 367 RAPD fragments were detected, of which 95.9% were polymorphic across all the Lolium accessions. Dice's coefficient of dissimilarity ranged from 0.016 to 0.622, which is indicative of substantial genetic variations in these Lolium accessions. A neighbor-joining cluster analysis, with bootstrap permutation, produced an unrooted dendrogram, which grouped 18 accessions into two main clades, supporting high bootstrap values (98 and 96%). The first clade included the self-pollinated species, L. persicum, L. temulentum, L. remotum, and L. subulatum. The cross-pollinated species, i.e., L. multiflorum, L. perenne, L. rigidum, and L. canariense, composed the second clade, in which L. canariense formed a distinct subclade, indicating its higher genetic separation from other allogamous species. The value of r = 0.97 in the Mantel test for cophenetic correlation applied to the cluster analysis indicated the high degree of fit of the accessions to a group. A principal coordinate analysis, whose first three coordinates explained 72.6% of the variation, showed similar groupings as in the cluster analysis. The genetic relationships estimated by the polymorphism of RAPD markers are basically in agreement with those previously inferred with other genetic markers.
Assuntos
Marcadores Genéticos , Lolium/genética , Filogenia , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , DNA de Plantas , Polimorfismo Genético , Análise de Componente PrincipalRESUMO
Fifty-five wild accessions of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) were collected from southwest China (Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Tibet), and their genetic diversity was analyzed using simple sequence repeat markers. A total of 267 polymorphic bands were detected with 18 primer combinations. The genetic similarity among the accessions ranged from 0.688 to 0.894 with an average of 0.797. All 55 wild accessions were clustered into 7 eco-geographic groups. Our data showed that the dendrogram was almost in accordance with geographic distribution, and accessions from the same collection sites tended to be clustered into the same group. A genetic differentiation analysis revealed that the percentage of genetic variance was 70.07 and 29.93% within and among groups, respectively. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results for C. dactylon in southwest China.
Assuntos
Cynodon/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Polimorfismo Genético , Sequência de Bases , China , Análise por Conglomerados , Genes de Plantas , Modelos Genéticos , Filogenia , Filogeografia , TibetRESUMO
Buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides, is a dioecious species native to the Great Plains of North America. The florets at the early stages of development possess both gynoecium and androecium organ primordia but later become unisexual. Very little is known about the proteomic changes that occur when the florets change from hermaphroditism to unisexuality. We compared the protein composition of florets at the hermaphroditic stage with that at the unisexual stage. The development stage of the floret was determined by stereomicroscopic observation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to separate the proteins extracted from female and male inflorescences. Stage- specific protein maps, with an average of about 400 spots per map, were analyzed with the protein analysis software. Eighteen spots were found to be differentially expressed between the hermaphrodite and unisexual stages. Of these, 12 were present at both stages but with a different expression value. Four specific spots appeared at the hermaphrodite stage and disappeared at the unisexual stage. Two specific protein spots were associated with female and male floret differentiation. One appears to be associated with contabescence in the female floret and the final protein appears to lead to the abortion of gynoecium in the male floret. The MALDI TOF/TOF technique was used for peptide mass fingerprinting of the differentially expressed proteins and the MASCOT software was used to search the protein database. However, only two protein spots were identified from the database. These were aldolase1 and Os05g0574400 (similar to malate dehydrogenase). This type of proteomic study can help to identify novel protein products and determine the mechanisms involved in the floral sex differentiation process in buffalo grass.
Assuntos
Inflorescência/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Inflorescência/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Poaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Poaceae/metabolismo , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por MatrizRESUMO
Genetic diversity of Elymus sibiricus (Poaceae) was examined in eight populations from the southeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We detected 291 RAPD polymorphic loci in 93 samples. The percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) was 79%. Genetic diversity (H(E)) was 0.264, effective number of alleles (N(E)) was 1.444, Shannon's information index (H(O)) was 0.398, and expected Bayesian heterozygosity (H(B)) was 0.371. At the population level, PPB = 51%, N(E) = 1.306, H(E) = 0.176, I = 0.263, and H(B) = 0.247. A high level of genetic differentiation was detected based on Nei's genetic diversity analysis (G(ST) = 32.0%), Shannon's index analysis (33.7%), and the Bayesian method (θ(B) = 33.5%). The partitioning of molecular variance by AMOVA demonstrated significant genetic differentiation within populations (60%) and among populations (40%). The average number of individuals exchanged between populations per generation (N(m)) was 1.06. The populations were found to share high levels of genetic identity. No significant correlation was found between geographic distance and pairwise genetic distance (r = 0.7539, P = 0.9996). Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.762) between RAPD H(E) found in this study and ISSR H(E) values from a previous study.
Assuntos
Elymus/genética , Variação Genética , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico/métodos , Altitude , Marcadores Genéticos , Genética Populacional , Geografia , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Genético , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , TibetRESUMO
Hemarthria compressa is one of the most important and widely utilized forage crops in south China, owing to its high forage yield and capability of adaptation to hot and humid conditions. We examined the population structure and genetic variation within and among 12 populations of H. compressa in south China using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. High genetic diversity was found in these samples [percentage polymorphic bands (PPB) = 82.21%, Shannon's diversity index (I) = 0.352]. However, there was relatively low level of genetic diversity at the population level (PPB = 29.17%, I = 0.155). A high degree of genetic differentiation among populations was detected based on other measures and molecular markers (Nei's genetic diversity analysis: G(ST) = 54.19%; AMOVA analysis: F(ST) = 53.35%). The SRAP markers were found to be more efficient than ISSR markers for evaluating population diversity. Based on these findings, we propose changes in sampling strategies for appraising and utilizing the genetic resources of this species.