RESUMO
Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes, and it plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover, 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) plays a protective role against oxidative stress and inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. In a previous study, we found that 15d-PGJ2 increased the expression of Nrf2 in a COPD rat model. This study aims to elucidate the role of 15d-PGJ2 in COPD pathogenesis and the relationship between Nrf2 and human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Normal HBE (HBE) cells were cultured. Following cigarette smoke extract (CSE) stimulation, pre-incubation with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA) Nrf2, and stimulation with or without 15d-PGJ2, the expression levels of Nrf2, NF-κBp65, and IL-8 were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. The expression of NF-κBp65 and IL-8 in CSE-stimulated normal HBE cells was inhibited by 15d-PGJ2 at both the mRNA level and the protein level. Moreover, the expression of Nrf2 in normal HBE cells was improved by 15d-PGJ2 at both the mRNA level and the protein level. However, the inhibitory or improving effects of 15d-PGJ2 were disengaged by siRNA Nrf2 at both the mRNA level and the protein level. 15d-PGJ2 possesses anti-inflammatory properties in the pathogenesis of COPD, and HBE cells stimulated by CSE via Nrf2 activation.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Prostaglandina D2/análogos & derivados , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/metabolismo , Animais , Brônquios/citologia , Brônquios/efeitos dos fármacos , Brônquios/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/metabolismo , Masculino , Modelos Animais , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/biossíntese , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Prostaglandina D2/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Transcrição RelA/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator de Transcrição RelA/biossíntese , Fator de Transcrição RelA/metabolismoRESUMO
Anencephaly is one of the most serious forms of neural tube defects (NTDs), a group of congenital central nervous system (CNS) malformations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in diverse biological processes via the post-transcriptional regulation of target mRNAs. Although miRNAs play important roles in the development of mammalian CNS, their function in human NTDs remains unknown. Using a miRNA microarray, we identified a unique expression profile in fetal anencephalic brain tissues, characterized by 70 upregulated miRNAs (ratio ≥ 2) and 7 downregulated miRNAs (ratio ≤ 0.5) compared with healthy human samples. Ten miRNAs with altered expression were selected from the microarray findings for validation with real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We found that in anencephalic tissues, miR-22, miR-23a, miR-34a, miR-103, miR-125a, miR-132, miR-134, miR-138, and miR-185 were significantly upregulated, while miR-149 was significantly downregulated. Furthermore, 459 potential target genes within the validated miRNAs were revealed using combined four target prediction algorithms in the human genome, and subsequently analyzed with the Molecule Annotation System 3.0. A total of 119 target genes were ultimately identified, including those involved in 22 singular annotations (i.e., transcription, signal transduction, and cell cycle) and 55 functional pathways [i.e., mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and actin cytoskeleton regulation]. Six target genes (HNRPU, JAG1, FMR1, EGR3, RUNX1T1, and NDEL1) were chosen as candidate genes and associated with congenital birth abnormalities of the brain structure. Our results, therefore, suggest that miRNA maladjustment mainly contributes to the etiopathogenesis of anencephaly via the MAPK signaling pathway.