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Surface reconstruction plays an essential role in electrochemical catalysis. The structures, compositions, and functionalities of the real catalytic species and sites generated by reconstruction, however, are yet to be clearly understood, for the metastable or transit state of most reconstructed structures. Herein, a series of NiFe oxalates (NixFe1- xC2O4, x = 1, 0.9, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, and 0) are synthesized for overall water splitting electrocatalysis. Whilst NixFe1-xC2O4 shows great hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, the in situ reconstructed NixFe1-xOOH exhibits outstanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. As identified by the in situ Raman spectroscopy and quasi-in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques, reconstructions from NixFe1-xC2O4 into defective NixFe1-xOOH and finally amorphous NixFe1-xOOH active species (R-NixFe1-xOOH) are confirmed upon cyclic voltammetry processes. Specifically, the fully reconstructed R-Ni0.6Fe0.4OOH demonstrates the best OER activity (179 mV to reach 10 mA cm-2), originating from its abundant real active sites and optimal d-band center. Benefiting from the reconstruction, an alkaline electrolyzer composed of a Ni0.6Fe0.4C2O4 cathode and an in situ reconstructed R-Ni0.6Fe0.4OOH anode achieves a superb overall water splitting performance (1.52 V@10 mA cm-2). This work provides an in-depth structure-property relationship understanding on the reconstruction of catalysts and offers a new pathway to designing novel catalyst.
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The Letter delves into an approach to holographic image denoising, drawing inspiration from the generative paradigm. It introduces a conditional diffusion model framework that effectively suppresses twin-image noises and speckle noises in dense particle fields with a large depth of field (DOF). Specific training and inference configurations are meticulously outlined. For evaluation, the method is tested using calibration dot board data and droplet field data, encompassing gel atomization captured via inline holography and aviation kerosene swirl spray through off-axis holography. The performance is assessed using three distinct metrics. The metric outcomes, along with representative examples, robustly demonstrate its superior noise reduction, detail preservation, and generalization capabilities when compared to two other methods. The proposed method not only pioneers the field of generative holographic image denoising but also highlights its potential for industrial applications, given its reduced dependency on high-quality training labels.
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Since its advent in 2011, black titanium oxide (B-TiOx) has garnered significant attention due to its exceptional optical characteristics, notably its enhanced absorption spectrum ranging from 200 to 2000 nm, in stark contrast to its unmodified counterpart. The escalating urgency to address global climate change has spurred intensified research into this material for sustainable hydrogen production through thermal, photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, or hybrid water-splitting techniques. The rapid advancements in this dynamic field necessitate a comprehensive update. In this review, we endeavor to provide a detailed examination and forward-looking insights into the captivating attributes, synthesis methods, modifications, and characterizations of B-TiOx, as well as a nuanced understanding of its physicochemical properties. We place particular emphasis on the potential integration of B-TiOx into solar and electrochemical energy systems, highlighting its applications in green hydrogen generation, CO2 reduction, and supercapacitor technology, among others. Recent breakthroughs in the structure-property relationship of B-TiOx and its applications, grounded in both theoretical and empirical studies, are underscored. Additionally, we will address the challenges of scaling up B-TiOx production, its long-term stability, and economic viability to align with ambitious future objectives.
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Objective: This study aims to investigate the potential functions of miR-19a-3p in HCC. Method: We collected serum samples to analyze miR-19a-3p expression. We utilized CCK8 and Transwell assays to access miR-19a-3p's influence on HCC cells malignancy. We used dual-luciferase reporter and western blotting to validate the impact of p53/miR-19 on miR-19/SOX4. Results: The results demonstrated that miR-19a-3p was highly expressed in pre-operative serum samples and HCC cells, which can promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion in HCC under in vitro conditions. Additionally, there was a p53 binding site on the upstream of miR-19a-3p, which was inhibited by p53. SOX4 was the direct gene targeted by miR-19a-3p. The imbalance of p53-miR-19-SOX4 loop was one reason for the progress of HCC. Conclusion: Our findings validate the mechanisms of miR-19a-3p and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target in HCC.
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The effect of liquid nitrogen freeze-thaw fracturing on coal seams can be potentially evaluated by the complex resistivity method. The real part (Reρ) and the imaginary part (Imρ) of the complex resistivity and permeability of coal were determined under different cycle times and in different bedding directions. The reason for permeability enhancement was discussed, and the dispersion mechanism of complex resistivity during cyclic freeze-thaw fracturing was analyzed. The results indicated that (1) the complex resistivity parameters have a good response to the cycle times; Reρ, |Imρ|, and the dispersion degree (α) are positively correlated with cycle time; the fully polarized frequency (f p) of Reρ, the characteristic frequency (f c) of Imρ, and variation are negatively correlated with cycle time. (2) The difference in complex resistivity parameters between the vertical bedding direction and the parallel bedding direction is significant, and the difference in electrical properties of the bedding structure continuously decreases with the increase in cycle time. (3) Under the effect of liquid nitrogen cyclic freeze-thaw, a complex network of fractures in coal is formed, the anisotropic characteristics of coal are weakened, and effective conductive channels are damaged. The peak frost heave force decreases exponentially with the increase in cycle time, and the difference in bedding electrical properties gradually disappears. (4) Comparing the inversion degree of measured data with three conductive models, ρ0 and τ are selected as the optimum parameters for evaluating the effect of liquid nitrogen cyclic freeze-thaw. A logarithmic permeability evaluation model is constructed based on ρ0 and τ. This work provides a new perspective based on electrical detection for evaluating the permeability enhancement of coal during liquid nitrogen cyclic freeze-thaw.
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The concept of ferroelectric polarons is proposed to partially explain the exceptional optoelectronic properties observed in lead halide perovskites (LHPs). It is intriguing but unclear how this proposal, which involves local or transient polarizations, applies in general to 2D LHPs with long-range ferroelectricity. Here, this work presents a pioneering time-domain experimental investigation of polarons in ferroelectric (IA)2(MA)2Pb3Br10 (IMPB; IA is isoamylammonium and MA is methylammonium) using transient absorption spectroscopy. Compared to non-ferroelectric LHPs, IMPB exhibits several distinct polaronic properties closely associated with macroscopic polarizations of ferroelectricity, including a prolonged polaron formation time (≈1.1 ps), a Stark splitting of the bleaching (≈63 meV), and a giant polaron Mott density (≈7.6 × 1018 cm-3). These findings broaden the realm of 2D polaron systems and reveal the decisive role of static/unidirectional polarizations on polaron physics in 2D LHPs.
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Medical images are often characterized by their structured anatomical representations and spatially inhomogeneous contrasts. Leveraging anatomical priors in neural networks can greatly enhance their utility in resource-constrained clinical settings. Prior research has harnessed such information for image segmentation, yet progress in deformable image registration has been modest. Our work introduces textSCF, a novel method that integrates spatially covariant filters and textual anatomical prompts encoded by visual-language models, to fill this gap. This approach optimizes an implicit function that correlates text embeddings of anatomical regions to filter weights. textSCF not only boosts computational efficiency but can also retain or improve registration accuracy. By capturing the contextual interplay between anatomical regions, it offers impressive interregional transferability and the ability to preserve structural discontinuities during registration. textSCF's performance has been rigorously tested on intersubject brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and abdominal computerized tomography (CT) registration tasks, outperforming existing state-of-the-art models in the MICCAI Learn2Reg 2021 challenge and leading the leaderboard. In abdominal registrations, textSCF's larger model variant improved the Dice score by 11.3% over the second-best model, while its smaller variant maintained similar accuracy but with an 89.13% reduction in network parameters and a 98.34% decrease in computational operations.
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OBJECTIVE: In vitro trials have demonstrated that oversized stents are associated with reduced metal coverage and increased porosity. However, the relationship between stent selection and aneurysm outcome is inconclusive, and determination of this was the authors' purpose in conducting this study. METHODS: This was a single-center retrospective study. Patients who underwent Pipeline embolization device treatment at the authors' center between January 1, 2018, and June 15, 2023, were enrolled. The authors constructed multiple logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline plots to examine the effect of the difference in diameters between the stent and parent artery (Dd) on aneurysm outcome. The authors also performed stratified analyses. Then, Dd was included in the logistic regression analysis as a categorical variable. The cutoff value for Dd was determined according to the principle of the maximum Youden's index. RESULTS: In total, 302 patients were included in this study. The median Dd was 0.52 mm. With a median follow-up time of 7 months, the aneurysm occlusion rate was 80.1%. The restricted cubic spline plots showed a decreasing aneurysm occlusion rate as Dd increased. After stratification by age and adjunctive embolization, the restricted cubic splines aligned with the results of the main analysis. Compared with the group with a smaller Dd (Dd < 0.3625 mm), the group with a larger Dd showed an OR of 0.439 (p = 0.026). Additionally, patients with diabetes mellitus (OR 0.306, p = 0.018), age ≥ 65 years (OR 0.968, p = 0.03), aneurysm incorporation with a branch (OR 0.253, p < 0.001), and aneurysm neck ≥ 4 mm (OR 0.872, p = 0.003) were independent predictors of aneurysm persistence, whereas Pipeline embolization device plus coiling (OR 4.949, p < 0.001) and smoking history (OR 5.86, p = 0.025) were predictors of aneurysm occlusion. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' retrospective analysis demonstrated that the aneurysm occlusion rate declined when Dd increased within a certain range. The authors suggested that Dd with an interval of -0.25 to 0.5 mm may be proper in clinical practice.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between childhood chronic stress(CCS), Protein kinase C beta (PRKCB) methylation and adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD). After recruiting 100 adolescents with MDD and 50 healthy controls (HCs), we evaluated the severity of CCS. PRKCB methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing using whole blood-derived DNA. To explore the relationship between CCS, PRKCB and adolescent MDD, we conducted correlation analysis and regression analysis, and constructed multiplicative interaction models and generalized linear models. PRKCB methylation and CCS were both found to be associated with MDD, and CCS was associated with PRKCB methylation. No significant CCS-PRKCB methylation interactions were observed. However, we found the interaction of CCS and MDD on PRKCB methylation. Our results found that PRKCB methylation was influenced by CCS and the disease itself, and PRKCB methylation was significantly positively associated with MDD severity, suggesting that PRKCB methylation may be a potential biomarker for adolescent MDD. This study is a cross-sectional observational study, which cannot draw the conclusion of causality. Prospective cohort studies are needed to further examine the relationship between CCS, adolescent MDD, and PRKCB methylation.
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Metilação de DNA , Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Proteína Quinase C beta , Humanos , Proteína Quinase C beta/genética , Adolescente , Masculino , Feminino , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/genética , Estudos Transversais , Biomarcadores , Criança , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estresse Psicológico/genéticaRESUMO
Rationale: Tunnel nanotube (TNT)-mediated mitochondrial transport is crucial for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Despite numerous studies highlighting the significance of this process in both physiological and pathological contexts, knowledge of the underlying mechanisms is still limited. This research focused on the role of the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 in modulating TNT formation and mitochondrial transport in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Methods: Two types of ARPE19 cells (a retinal pigment epithelial cell line) with distinct mitochondrial fluorescently labeled, were co-cultured and treated with ROCK inhibitor Y-27632. The formation of nanotubes and transport of mitochondria were assessed through cytoskeletal staining and live cell imaging. Mitochondrial dysfunction was induced by light damage to establish a model, while mitochondrial function was evaluated through measurement of oxygen consumption rate. The effects of Y-27632 on cytoskeletal and mitochondrial dynamics were further elucidated through detailed analysis. Results: Y-27632 treatment led to an increase in nanotube formation and enhanced mitochondrial transfer among ARPE19 cells, even following exposure to light-induced damage. Our analysis of cytoskeletal and mitochondrial distribution changes suggests that Y-27632 promotes nanotube-mediated mitochondrial transport by influencing cytoskeletal remodeling and mitochondrial movement. Conclusions: These results suggest that Y-27632 has the ability to enhance mitochondrial transfer via tunneling nanotubes in retinal pigment epithelium, and similarly predict that ROCK inhibitor can fulfill its therapeutic potential through promoting mitochondrial transport in the retinal pigment epithelium in the future.
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Amidas , Mitocôndrias , Nanotubos , Piridinas , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina , Quinases Associadas a rho , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/metabolismo , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Amidas/farmacologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinases Associadas a rho/metabolismo , Quinases Associadas a rho/antagonistas & inibidores , Linhagem Celular , Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Citoesqueleto/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Dinâmica Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia to affect 1% of the global population and increases with age. Atrial fibrosis is a crucial substrate for promoting structural remodeling to cause atrial arrhythmogenesis. Bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) has been reported to be involved in cardiac fibrogenesis. However, its role in modulating atrial fibrosis to affect AF development remains unknown. Our study aimed to investigate the expression of BMP2 under different AF conditions and the effect of BMP2 on the progression of atrial fibrosis using an angiotensin II (Ang II) rat model and an ex vivo cardiac fibroblast model. The qRT-PCR and Western blot assay showed increased BMP2 mRNA and protein levels in the atria of chronic AF patients and the right atria of a tachypacing rabbit model. In contrast, the levels of BMP2 receptor mRNA were comparable. The AF incidence of the Ang II rat was higher than that of a control rat, which was reduced by BMP2 treatment. Masson staining demonstrated an anti-fibrogenic impact on BMP2-subjected rat atria compared to only Ang II-treated rat atria. RNA-sequencing indicated the potential function of blocking NLRP3-associted inflammasome activation in BMP2-treated rat atrial tissues. In vitro, transfecting BMP2 shRNA into neonatal rat atrial fibroblasts upregulated the mRNA levels of NLRP3/Caspase-1/p20/ASC and the secretion of IL-1ß and IL-6. In contrast, recombinant BMP2 protein attenuated the increased levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway induced by Ang II. In summary, BMP2 opposes atrial fibrosis to alleviate AF susceptibility by inhibiting the activation of the inflammasome in atrial fibroblasts.
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Angiotensina II , Fibrilação Atrial , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2 , Fibroblastos , Átrios do Coração , Inflamassomos , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/genética , Angiotensina II/farmacologia , Fibrilação Atrial/metabolismo , Fibrilação Atrial/patologia , Fibrilação Atrial/genética , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2/metabolismo , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2/genética , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Átrios do Coração/metabolismo , Átrios do Coração/patologia , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Coelhos , Masculino , Humanos , Fibrose , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Prosocial motives such as social equality and efficiency are key to altruistic behaviors. However, predicting the range of altruistic behaviors in varying contexts and individuals proves challenging if we limit ourselves to one or two motives. Here we demonstrate the numerous, interdependent motives in altruistic behaviors and the possibility to disentangle them through behavioral experimental data and computational modeling. In one laboratory experiment (N = 157) and one preregistered online replication (N = 1,258), across 100 different situations, we found that both third-party punishment and third-party helping behaviors (that is, an unaffected individual punishes the transgressor or helps the victim) aligned best with a model of seven socioeconomic motives, referred to as a motive cocktail. For instance, the inequality discounting motives imply that individuals, when confronted with costly interventions, behave as if the inequality between others barely exists. The motive cocktail model also provides a unified explanation for the differences in intervention willingness between second parties (victims) and third parties, and between punishment and helping.
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Altruísmo , Motivação , Punição , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Punição/psicologia , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Modelos Psicológicos , Comportamento de AjudaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Klotho plays a pivotal role in human aging. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is composed of multiple conditions that are also risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. We try to discuss gender-specific differences in Klotho and the associations between Klotho and MetS components. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database from cycle 2015-2016 was analyzed. MetS was defined according to the 2005 updated criteria by the American Heart Association and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Gender-specific differences in serum Klotho, and associations between Klotho level and MetS components were examined. RESULTS: A total of 2475 participants (40-79 years old) with comprehensive data were included (52% women). In general, lower Klotho was associated with advanced age, male sex, tobacco use, elevated triglycerides, renal insufficiency, inflammation, low estradiol, and low sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). The correlation between MetS and Klotho was more obvious in women, mainly in waist circumference and triglyceride. There were no gender-specific differences in the associations between Klotho and renal dysfunction, but multivariate linear regression analysis showed gender differences in other factors associated with Klotho. Estradiol, SHBG, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were associated with Klotho levels independent of age and renal function in men, whereas in women, Klotho was independently associated with triglycerides and white blood cell count. CONCLUSION: Klotho levels had gender disparities regardless of age, renal function, and sex hormones. In the current cohort, triglycerides were the major component of MetS that was independently associated with serum Klotho levels, and the association was particularly seen in women. However, HDL was found to be the male-specific MetS component independently associated with Klotho.
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Proteínas Klotho , Síndrome Metabólica , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Fatores Sexuais , Glucuronidase/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
In this study, a deep learning method combining knowledge graph and diffusion Transformer has been proposed for cucumber disease detection. By incorporating the diffusion attention mechanism and diffusion loss function, the research aims to enhance the model's ability to recognize complex agricultural disease features and to address the issue of sample imbalance efficiently. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing deep learning models in cucumber disease detection tasks. Specifically, the method achieved a precision of 93%, a recall of 89%, an accuracy of 92%, and a mean average precision (mAP) of 91%, with a frame rate of 57 frames per second (FPS). Additionally, the study successfully implemented model lightweighting, enabling effective operation on mobile devices, which supports rapid on-site diagnosis of cucumber diseases. The research not only optimizes the performance of cucumber disease detection, but also opens new possibilities for the application of deep learning in the field of agricultural disease detection.
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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has become widespread in China particularly the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndromes (HP-PRRSV), NADC30, and NADC34 strains, and has posed a threat to the swine industry for over 20 years. To monitor genetic variation in PRRSV-2 GP3 strains in China, we analyzed 618 strains isolated between 1996 to 2023 and constructed phylogenetic trees. Additionally, 60 selected strains were used to analyze nucleotide and amino acid homology. PRRSV GP3 gene exhibited nucleotide identity ranging from 78.2% to 100.0% and amino acid similarity ranging from 74.9% to 99.6%. The GP3 gene in the 60 selected strains consisted of 254 amino acids, and amino acid mutations in the strains primarily occurred in B-cell epitopes, T-cell epitopes, and highly variable regions. The glycosylation sites of the strains used for amino acid sequence comparisons remained unaltered, except for the N29 site in the GD20220303-2022 strain. PRRSV-2 strains in China belong to lineages 1, 3, 5, and 8. Recombination analysis detected two recombination events, involving lineages 1 and 8. In conclusion, this study investigated multiple strains of the PRRSV-2 GP3 gene to explore the prevalence and genetic diversity of the GP3 gene in China from a gene family perspective. The results of the analyses provide a basis for clinical prevention strategies and vaccine development.
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As in most countries, the Republic of China's development of amateur radio benefited from the appeal of the amateur radio medium as well as characteristics of its technology, and it was also impacted by external factors such as war. Against a background of tradition, newly formed, but extremely strong, popular scientific beliefs fueled conflicts between state power and folk forces which played a key role in China's amateur radio development. In this study we will explore the tensions between the Chinese government's concerns for national security and distrust of folk radio research, and the rising, public demand for amateur radio. We consider how negotiations between state power and folk forces happen, and what further factors influence the construction and development of radio technology. Our analysis adopts the constructivist approach of Social Shaping of Technology (SST) theory, which focuses on the role of social factors in processes of co-construction and negotiation in technological development. We identify the folk forces, represented by the interaction between private enterprises and amateurs, as well as state power, as two of the main social factors that influenced the development of radio technology in China. From 1912 to 1937, the Chinese government was suspicious of amateur radio activities, and as a result, they instituted policies unfavorable to its development. In contrast, the Yamei Radio Co. Ltd. led the private radio manufacturing enterprises in promoting the development of amateur radio and the popularization of related technologies. In tandem, radio amateurs assisted in the promotion and technological innovation of Yamei products. From 1937 to 1949, with the government's semi-supportive and semi-skeptical attitude, amateur radio associations did make some progress. Benefiting from the early work performed by private enterprises, these associations grew into a new folk force to challenge government control, and they continued to promote the popularization and development of radio technology. Our study illuminates complex relationship among government control, non-governmental reaction, and technological development in a specific context. When there is a conflict, folk forces have the ability to mobilize against policy-driven obstacles, thus to counterbalance government control. This study not only provides a new case for SST research, but it also adds to our understanding of China's radio technology, amateur radio, and radio manufacturing industry.
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Covalent polymer chains are known to undergo mechanochemical events when subjected to mechanical forces. Such force-coupled reactions, like C-C bond scission in homopolymers, typically occur in a non-selective manner but with a higher probability at the mid-chain. In contrast, block copolymers (BCPs), composed of two or more chemically distinct chains linked by covalent bonds, have recently been shown to exhibit significantly different mechanochemical reactivities and selectivities. These differences may be attributable to the atypical conformations adopted by their chains, compared to the regular random coil. Beyond individual molecules, when BCPs self-assemble into ordered aggregates in solution, the non-covalent interactions between the chains lead to meaningful acceleration in the activation of embedded force-sensitive motifs. Furthermore, the microphase segregation of BCPs in bulk creates periodically dispersed polydomains, locking the blocks in specific conformations which have also been shown to affect their mechanochemical reactivity, with different morphologies influencing reactivity to varying extents. This review summarizes the studies of mechanochemistry in BCPs over the past two decades, from the molecular level to assemblies, and up to bulk materials.
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BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after cardiac surgery is a severe respiratory complication with high mortality and morbidity. Traditional clinical approaches may lead to under recognition of this heterogeneous syndrome, potentially resulting in diagnosis delay. This study aims to develop and external validate seven machine learning (ML) models, trained on electronic health records data, for predicting ARDS after cardiac surgery. METHODS: This multicenter, observational cohort study included patients who underwent cardiac surgery in the training and testing cohorts (data from Nanjing First Hospital), as well as those patients who had cardiac surgery in a validation cohort (data from Shanghai General Hospital). The number of important features was determined using the sliding windows sequential forward feature selection method (SWSFS). We developed a set of tree-based ML models, including Decision Tree, GBDT, AdaBoost, XGBoost, LightGBM, Random Forest, and Deep Forest. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Brier score. The SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) techinque was employed to interpret the ML model. Furthermore, a comparison was made between the ML models and traditional scoring systems. ARDS is defined according to the Berlin definition. RESULTS: A total of 1996 patients who had cardiac surgery were included in the study. The top five important features identified by the SWSFS were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, preoperative albumin, central venous pressure_T4, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Among the seven ML models, Deep Forest demonstrated the best performance, with an AUC of 0.882 and a Brier score of 0.809 in the validation cohort. Notably, the SHAP values effectively illustrated the contribution of the 13 features attributed to the model output and the individual feature's effect on model prediction. In addition, the ensemble ML models demonstrated better performance than the other six traditional scoring systems. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified 13 important features and provided multiple ML models to enhance the risk stratification for ARDS after cardiac surgery. Using these predictors and ML models might provide a basis for early diagnostic and preventive strategies in the perioperative management of ARDS patients.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Aprendizado de Máquina , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório , Humanos , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/etiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos de Coortes , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Curva ROC , Área Sob a CurvaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lumbar degenerative disease (LDD) is one of the main causes of low back pain in the elderly. Surgical treatment usually involves decompression surgery and fusion techniques; however, standard fusion surgery in elderly patients is associated with a higher rate of complications, hospital length of stay, and readmission. Although minimally invasive surgery can reduce risk and shorten hospital stays, it still cannot eliminate the inherent complications of fusion or internal fixation, especially in frail patients. Therefore, it is necessary to find a surgical technology that can not only reduce the risk of operation but also effectively reduce the inherent complications of fusion or internal fixation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of percutaneous cement discoplasty for the treatment of LDDs. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. The search strategy was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine Disc, and Medical Knowledge Network Citation Database. The quality of the included study was assessed by the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) score. The risk of bias (RoB) about the included study was assessed by the Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. The main results were summarized and analyzed in RevMan 5.4. RESULTS: Finally, we included 10 articles and collected a total of 359 patients, including 171 males (47.63%) and 180 females (52.37%), with an average age of 73.09â ±â 2.74 years. The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) tool was used to assess the articles included in this study, the methodological quality score of 10 retrospective studies varied from 7 to 11. The RoB was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. Critical RoB was found in 4/10 articles, high RoB was found in 5/10 articles, and intermediate RoB was found in 1/10 articles. The study found that the Visual Analog Scale scores at 1 day (mean difference [MD]: 3.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.04, 3.93; I2â =â 0%), 3 to 6 months (MD: 4.05; 95% CI: 3.53, 4.56; I2â =â 65%), and 12 to 24 months (MD: 4.00; 95% CI: 3.53, 4.47; I2â =â 45%) after operation were significantly different from those before operation. Meanwhile, the Oswestry Disability Index at 1 day (MD: 42.67; 95% CI: 36.78, 48.57; I2â =â 76%), 3 to 6 months (MD: 42.64; 95% CI: 34.44, 50.83; I2â =â 91%), and 12 to 24 months (MD: 49.22; 95% CI: 42.23, 56.22; I2â =â 83 %) after operation were still significantly different from those before operation. The results with high heterogeneity (I2>50%) were analyzed by sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis. The results still have significant statistical differences. CONCLUSION: Studies have shown that percutaneous cement discoplasty is a potential intervention for the treatment of LDDs, which can effectively relieve pain and improve dysfunction.
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Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral , Vértebras Lombares , Humanos , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/cirurgia , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgia , Cimentos Ósseos/uso terapêutico , Cementoplastia/métodos , Idoso , Feminino , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Current medical therapies for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain unmet, and AML patients may benefit from targeted immunotherapy approaches that focus on specific tumor antigens. GRP78, which is upregulated in various malignant tumors such as AML, is partially expressed as cell surface GRP78 (csGRP78) on the cell membrane, making it an ideal target for redirecting T cells, including T-cell engagers. However, considering the conventional approach of using two scFv segments to construct a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE), we have undertaken the development of a novel BiTE that utilizes a cyclic peptide ligand to specifically target csGRP78, which we refer to as GRP78-CD3/BiTE. We studied the effects of GRP78-CD3/BiTE on treatments for AML in vitro and in vivo and assessed the pharmacokinetics of this engager. Our findings demonstrated that GRP78-CD3/BiTE could not only effectively mediate the cytotoxicity of T cells against csGRP78-expressing AML cells but also specifically eliminate primary AML tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, GRP78-CD3/BiTE exhibited a longer half-life despite having a lower molecular weight than CD19-CD3/BiTE. In a xenograft mouse model of AML, treatment with GRP78-CD3/BiTE prolonged the survival time of the mice. Our findings demonstrate that GRP78-CD3/BiTE is effective and selective for eliminating csGRP78-expressing AML cells and suggest that this approach to targeted immunotherapy could lead to effective new treatments for AML.