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The role of ClO- in the physiological functioning of organisms is significant. In this paper, the four fluorescent probes HONx (HON1, HON2, HON3 and HON4) were prepared based on oxyanthracene through the introduction of different substituents, and their photophysical properties were investigated, among which the AIE effect of HON1 was the most significant, and therefore the fluorescent "turn-off" ClO- probe HON1-CN was chosen to be prepared by constructing the ClO- recognition site hydrazone bond at HON1. The ClO- recognises the hydrazone group in the probe HON1-CN, and when the hydrazone bond is broken, the aldehyde group is released, generating HON1 with yellow fluorescence. The probe HON1-CN is highly selective and stable for the detection of ClO- with a detection limit of 0.48 µM and a more than 10-fold increase in fluorescence intensity when the fluorescence is 'switched on', and to a lesser extent, the probe is also very good for the detection of hypochlorite ClO- in the pericarp. Finally, HON1-CN has also been used to detect the presence of ClO- in HeLa cells and zebrafish.
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Corantes Fluorescentes , Ácido Hipocloroso , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Xantonas , Peixe-Zebra , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Corantes Fluorescentes/síntese química , Xantonas/química , Animais , Ácido Hipocloroso/análise , Humanos , Células HeLa , Frutas/química , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
Fe2+ plays a crucial role in biological systems as an essential trace element in the body. Iron is absorbed by the body through food and Fe2+ is also an important component of living cells; therefore, quantitative testing of Fe2+ in food and in living cells is of great importance. This paper presents the development of a novel π-bridge EDOT-based N-oxide turn-on fluorescent probe, designated as FeE, for the detection of Fe2+. The probe has been shown to exhibit excellent sensitivity, a favorable linear relationship between fluorescence signal intensity and Fe2+ concentration, and an effective immunity to interference. The probe has low cytotoxicity and has been successfully used to detect Fe2+ in cells using laser confocal fluorescence microscopy. It is also possible to determine the presence of Fe2+ in animal blood, spinach, apple juice, red wine, mineral water and metal cans.
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BACKGROUND: Maintaining normal levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) is crucial for preserving skeletal health. However, evidence regarding the associations of exposure to air pollution with serum 25(OH)D and PTH were limited and ambiguous. Hence, the objective of this cross-sectional study was to systematically evaluate the association between air pollution (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm [PM2.5] and ozone [O3]) exposure and serum 25(OH)D and PTH levels in males aged 50 and above and postmenopausal female. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is multicenter, cross-sectional study within the framework of the ongoing China Community-based Cohort of Osteoporosis. The 1-year-average PM2.5 and O3 exposures prior to the baseline survey were estimated using random forest models with relatively high accuracy. Multiple linear regression models were employed to assess the associations between PM2.5 and O3 concentrations with the serum levels of 25(OH)D and PTH. Furthermore, mediation analysis was performed to scrutinize the potential mediating role of PTH in the interplay between PM2.5, O3, and serum 25(OH)D. RESULTS: A total of 13,194 participants were included. Our analysis showed that every 10 µg/m3 increase in the 1-year average PM2.5, were associated with -0.32 units (95% CI: -0.48, -0.17) of change in the 25(OH)D and 0.15 units (95% CI: 0.11, 0.19) of change in the PTH, respectively. Every 10 µg/m3 increase in the 1-year average O3, were associated with -0.78 units (95% CI: -1.05, -0.51) of change in the 25(OH)D and 0.50 units (95% CI: 0.43, 0.57) of change in the PTH, respectively. Estimates of the mediation ratio indicated that increased PTH mediated a 50.48% negative correlation between PM2.5 exposure and circulating 25(OH)D level. Increased PTH mediated 69.61% of the negative effects of O3 exposure on circulating 25(OH)D level. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to PM2.5 and O3 significantly diminished 25(OH)D while elevating PTH levels. Notably, the elevated PTH concentration partially mediates the associations between PM2.5 and O3 exposure and 25(OH)D level.
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BACKGROUND: Sevoflurane has been shown to stimulate neurotoxicity and lead to cognitive impairment. Berberine is known for its role in regulating nervous system diseases, including cognitive dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the effects of berberine on cognitive dysfunction induced by sevoflurane anesthesia and its potential mechanisms. METHODS: In the in vivo study, neonatal mice were subjected to sevoflurane anesthesia to induce cognitive dysfunction. The cognitive function of the neonatal mice was evaluated using the Morris water maze test, open field test, and tail suspension test. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to assess the levels of inflammatory factors. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to detect ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1)-positive cells and cleaved caspase-3-positive cells in the hippocampus of the neonatal mice. Western blotting was used to measure the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) in hippocampal tissues and neurons. Hippocampal neurons were isolated from the hippocampus of neonatal mice. These neurons were treated with berberine or subjected to cell transfection. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay were conducted to measure cell viability and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in vitro. RESULTS: Berberine significantly attenuated sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment and inflammation in neonatal mice (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Additionally, berberine reduced sevoflurane-triggered neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of neonatal mice (p < 0.01). Sevoflurane markedly decreased CREB1 expression in the hippocampus of neonatal mice (p < 0.01), which was elevated by berberine treatment (p < 0.01). Mechanistically, sevoflurane significantly suppressed cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis of hippocampal neurons (p < 0.0001 or p < 0.01), which were mitigated by berberine (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, or p < 0.001). Furthermore, berberine significantly elevated CREB1 expression in sevoflurane-treated hippocampal neurons (p < 0.01). The beneficial effects of berberine on cell viability and apoptosis in sevoflurane-treated hippocampal neurons were blocked by CREB1 depletion (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that CREB1 was significantly decreased in the hippocampus of sevoflurane-treated neonatal mice in vivo and in sevoflurane-treated hippocampal neurons in vitro. This decrease was mitigated by berberine treatment. Moreover, berberine improved sevoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment in neonatal mice by attenuating neuronal inflammation and apoptosis in vivo. The inhibitory effects of berberine on sevoflurane-induced cell apoptosis were reversed by CREB1 downregulation. These findings indicate that berberine protects against sevoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment by reducing apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, partially through increasing CREB1 expression.
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Animais Recém-Nascidos , Apoptose , Berberina , Disfunção Cognitiva , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico , Hipocampo , Neurônios , Sevoflurano , Animais , Sevoflurano/efeitos adversos , Sevoflurano/farmacologia , Sevoflurano/toxicidade , Berberina/farmacologia , Berberina/uso terapêutico , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Camundongos , Disfunção Cognitiva/induzido quimicamente , Disfunção Cognitiva/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/patologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Anestésicos Inalatórios/efeitos adversos , Anestésicos Inalatórios/toxicidade , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: During the run-in phase of the TESTING study, approximately half of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) were excluded due to proteinuria below 1 g/24 h after intensive supportive therapy. The long-term prognosis of these patients needs further investigation. METHODS: 112 screening failed patients in the TESTING study from 10 centers in China were enrolled in this retrospective study. The prognosis of 88 patients, who were excluded because of proteinuria below 1 g/24 h, was analyzed by Landmark Kaplan-Meier analysis. The composite kidney endpoint was defined by a ≥ 50% reduction in eGFR, ESKD (eGFR <15 mL/min per 1.73 m2), chronic dialysis for at least 6 months, or renal transplantation. RESULTS: In total, 88 patients were excluded due to proteinuria less than 1 g/24 h. During the follow-up, 73/88 (83.0%) patients received renin-angiotensin system blocker. 72/88 (81.8%) had stable proteinuria remission and did not receive immunosuppressive therapy (IST), and 16/88 (18.2%) received IST because of a relapse of proteinuria. Landmark Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that, the kidney survival from dialysis or composite kidney outcome of these excluded patients with IST was similar to those without IST during the early stages of follow-up (dialysis, before 60 months, p = 0.778; composite kidney outcome, before 48 months, p = 0.862); whereas the risk for dialysis of patients receiving IST was significantly higher than those without IST after 60 months (OR = 11.3, p = 0.03). Similarly, the risk for the composite kidney outcome of patients receiving IST was also significantly higher than those without IST after 48 months (OR = 5.92, p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: IgAN patients who maintained a persistent remission of proteinuria after intensive supportive therapy had a much better long-term kidney outcome than those who experienced a relapse of proteinuria and needed IST.
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Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Glomerulonefrite por IGA , Proteinúria , Humanos , Glomerulonefrite por IGA/complicações , Glomerulonefrite por IGA/terapia , Feminino , Masculino , Proteinúria/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto , China/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Indução de Remissão , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Diálise Renal , Adulto Jovem , Transplante de Rim , População do Leste AsiáticoRESUMO
C-terminal kinesin motor KIFC1 is increasingly concerned with an essential role in germ cell development. During the spermatogenesis of mice, rats, and crustaceans, KIFC1 functions in regulating meiotic chromosome separation, acrosome vesicle transportation, and nuclear morphology maintenance. The expression pattern of KIFC1 is conservatively concentrated at the acrosome and nucleus of haploid sperm cells. However, whether KIFC1 has similar functions in non-human primates remains unknown. In this study, we constructed the testis-specific cDNA library and cloned different transcripts of KIFC1 based on the genomic sequence. New variants of KIFC1 were identified, and showed different functional domains from the predicted isoforms. The spatio-temporal expression of KIFC1 proteins in seminiferous tubules of rhesus monkeys showed an obvious nuclear localization, specifically expressed in the spermatocytes and early haploid spermatids. The transcripts of KIFC1 also exhibited considerable expression in the nucleus of rhesus LLC-MK2 cells. Besides, we demonstrated that KIFC1 located at the acrosome and microtubule flagella of the mature sperm, and KIFC1 inhibition resulted in sperm tail deformation as well as increased the instability of head-to-tail connection. In summary, this study filled a gap in the reproductive research of the KIFC1 gene in non-human primates.
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BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a well-established intervention for severe aortic valve stenosis. However, its application for severe aortic regurgitation (AR) is still under evaluation. This study aims to present the 3-year follow-up outcomes of the J-Valve system in managing severe AR. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term efficacy and durability of the J-Valve system in the treatment of severe AR and to provide new information on this intervention. METHODS: In this retrospective, single-center study, we evaluated the prognostic outcomes of patients with AR, who underwent treatment with the J-Valve system at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Consecutive patients who were treated with the J-Valve were included in the analysis. The study focused on the echocardiographic follow-up to assess the effectiveness and durability of the J-Valve system in managing AR. RESULTS: From January 2018 to December 2022, 36 high-risk AR patients treated with the J-Valve system had a procedural success rate of 97.2%, with one case requiring open-heart surgery due to valve displacement. Significant improvements were observed in left ventricular diameter (from 63.50 [58.75-69.50] mm to 56.50 [53.00-60.50] mm, p < 0.001) and left atrial diameter (from 44.00 [40.00-45.25] mm to 39.00 [36.75-41.00] mm, p = 0.003) postsurgery. All patients completed the 1-year follow-up, with an overall mortality rate of 2 out of 36 (5.6%). Among the surviving patients, there was one case of III° atrioventricular block and one case of stroke, both occurring within 90 days postsurgery. After a 3-year follow-up, 15.0% of patients had mild or moderate valvular regurgitation, with no cases of moderate or severe paravalvular leak. Additionally, 89.5% of patients were classified as New York Heart Association class I or II, showing significantly enhanced cardiac function. CONCLUSION: The J-Valve system has shown positive therapeutic outcomes in treating AR, with notable effectiveness in managing the condition and significant improvements in heart failure symptoms and cardiac remodeling. However, due to the limited sample size and partial follow-up data, it is important to emphasize the need for further research with comprehensive long-term follow-up, to fully validate these results.
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Ti3C2Tx (MXene) is widely acknowledged as an excellent substrate for constructing heterogeneous structures with transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) for boosting the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion storage. However, conventional synthesis strategies inevitably lead to poor electrochemical charge transfer due to Ti3C2Tx-derived TiO2 at the heterogeneous interface between Ti3C2Tx and TMCs. Here, an innovative in situ selenization strategy is proposed to replace the originally generated TiO2 on Ti3C2Tx with metallic TiSe2 interphase, clearing the bottleneck of slow charge transfer barrier caused by MXene oxidation. The construction of bimetallic selenide formed by CoSe2 and TiSe2 generates intrinsic electric fields to guide the fast ion diffusion kinetics in a heterogeneous interface. Additionally, the CoSe2/TiSe2/Ti3C2Tx heterogeneous structure with enhanced structural stability and improved rate performance is confirmed by both experiments and theoretical calculations. The engineered heterogeneous structure exhibits an ultra-high pseudocapacitance contribution (73.1% at 0.1 mV s-1), rendering it well-suited to offset the kinetics differences between double-layer materials. The assembled lithium-ion capacitor based on CoSe2/TiSe2/Ti3C2Tx possesses a high energy density and an ultralong life span (89.5% after 10 000 times at 2 A g-1). This devised strategy provides a feasible solution for utilizing the performance advantages of MXene substrates in lithium storage with ultrafast charge transfer kinetics.
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Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is one of the major avian pathogens plaguing the global poultry industry. Although vaccination is the primary preventive measure for IBV infection, the emergence of virus variants with mutations and recombination has resulted in IBV circulating globally, presenting a challenge for IB control. Here, we isolated 3 IBV strains (CZ200515, CZ210840, and CZ211063) from suspected sick chickens vaccinated with IBV live attenuated vaccines (H120, 4/91, or QXL87). Phylogenetic analysis of the S1 gene sequence of the spike (S) revealed that the 3 isolates belonged to the QX-type (GI-19 lineage). Whole genome sequencing and recombination analysis indicated that CZ200515 and CZ210840 contained genetic material from 4/91 and Scyz3 (QX-type), possibly due to recombination between the circulating strain and the 4/91 vaccine strain, while no evidence of recombination was found in CZ211063. Pathogenicity analysis in 1-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens demonstrated that all 3 isolates caused severe tissue damage and varying degrees of mortality. Virus cross-neutralization assay revealed decreased antigen relatedness between the isolates and the QX-type vaccine strain (QXL87). Amino acid sequence homology analysis of S1 revealed 5%-6.5% variances between the isolates and QXL87. Analysis of the S1 subunit structure revealed that mutations of amino acid residues in the hypervariable region (HVR) and the neutralizing epitope region resulted in antigenic variation in isolates by changing the antigen conformation. Our data indicate antigenicity variances between QX isolates and QXL87 vaccine strains, potentially resulting in immune evasion occurrences. Overall, these results offer crucial insights into the epidemiology and pathogenicity of QX-type IBV, facilitating improved selection and formulation of vaccines for disease management.
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To investigate the effects of non-grain protein source and water temperature on growth and feed utilization differences of grass carp, the effects of different protein sources on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, digestive enzymes, amino acid transport and intestinal health of grass carp were studied at 24 °C, 28 °C and 32 °C. In this study, a total of 1350 grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (initial weight 5.00 ± 0.02 g) were selected, and Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP), Tenebrio molitor meal (TMM), cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) and Chlorella powder (CHP) were used as a single protein source to completely replace soybean meal for 56 days. The results showed that the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of grass carp increased significantly with the increasing temperature (P < 0.001). The CHP and SBM groups showed no significant differences in FBW, WGR, SGR and PER (P > 0.05), which were higher than the CAP, TMM and CPC groups (P < 0.001). The alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations of grass carp at 32 °C were significantly lower than those at 24 °C and 28 °C (P < 0.001). The acid phosphatase (ACP) activity decreased significantly with the increase of temperature (P = 0.001). The amylase (AMS) activity of the TMM, CPC and CHP groups was significantly lower than that of the SBM and CAP groups (P < 0.001), and the ACP and lipase (LPS) activities in the TMM group were significantly lower than those in the SBM group (P < 0.001). In addition, the interaction between temperatures and protein sources significantly affected the gene expression levels of amino acid transport including solute carrier family 1 member 3 (SLC1A3), solute carrier family 7 member 1 (SLC7A1), solute carrier family 7 member 5 (SLC7A5), solute carrier family 15 member 1b (SLC15A1b), solute carrier family 7 member 7 (SLC7A7), target of rapamycin (TOR), 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), intestinal inflammatory including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin1, claudin3, claudin7 and claudin11) (P ≤ 0.001). Collectively, our results indicated that CHP could be a potential protein source in the case of complete replacement of soybean meal in grass carp.
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Aminoácidos , Ração Animal , Carpas , Dieta , Temperatura , Animais , Carpas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Carpas/imunologia , Ração Animal/análise , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinária , Intestinos , Proteínas Alimentares/metabolismo , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
Background: This prospective study aimed to investigate the influence of weight difference between implanted prosthesis and removed bone in cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) on hip awareness and patient-reported outcomes. Methods: A total of 48 patients (56 hips) who underwent primary THA were prospectively enrolled. Implanted prosthesis and removed bone were weighed intraoperatively. Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) scores were obtained before and at 1 and 3 months after surgery. Patients were divided into groups A, B, and C according to the percentile of the weight difference. Results: The mean weight difference of the implanted prosthesis and removed bone was 117.97 ± 47.35â g. A negative correlation was found among the weight differences of the three groups and 1- and 3-month postoperative FJS (correlation coefficients, -0.331 and -0.734, respectively). A positive correlation was found among the weight difference of the three groups and 3-month postoperative WOMAC (correlation coefficient, 0.403). A significant difference in 3-month postoperative FJS and WOMAC scores was found among the three groups. The mean 3-month postoperative FJS (79.00) of group C was significantly lower than that of group A (93.32) (P < 0.05). The mean WOMAC score (15.83) of group A was significantly lower than that of group C (23.67) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The implanted prosthesis is larger than the removed bone in cementless THA. The weight difference is negatively correlated with hip function. The weight difference should be minimized to achieve optimal hip joint awareness.
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Introduction: Gansu Province is situated in the northwest region of China, characterized by diverse and complex topography and a rich diversity of ethnic groups. This study aims to explore the prevalence and risk factors of adolescent suspected scoliosis in Gansu Province through a cross-sectional population study. Methods: From April 2022 to July 2022, a prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Baiyin City, Jinchang City, Lanzhou City, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, and Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province. The screening covered 3,118 middle and high school students across 24 institutions, including middle and high schools. Diagnosis of suspected scoliosis was established through visual inspection, the Adams forward bend test, and measurement of trunk rotation angle. Employing a custom-designed questionnaire, demographic data were collected, and the prevalence of suspected scoliosis was calculated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to assess factors associated with suspected scoliosis. Results: A total of 3,044 participants were ultimately included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of suspected scoliosis was 5.68% in Gansu Province. The peak prevalence for boy is at 14 years (6.70%), while for girl, it is at 15 years (8.75%). Lanzhou City exhibits the highest prevalence rates (boy, 9.82%; girl, 10.16). The results of univariate logistic regression analysis presented that BMI (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88-0.96), altitude of habitation (1,600 m-2000 m) (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.34-0.73), altitude of habitation (2000 m-3321 m) (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40-0.83), family medical history (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.02-2.31), and shoulders of unequal height (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.09-2.03) were significantly correlated with suspected scoliosis. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that BMI (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95), altitude of habitation (1,600 m-2000 m) (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.23-0.54), altitude of habitation (2000 m-3321 m) (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.24-0.60), family medical history (OR = 1.66, 95% CI:1.08-2.49), and shoulders of unequal height (OR = 1.45, 95% CI:1.06-1.99) were independently associated with suspected scoliosis. Conclusion: Low BMI, residence at an altitude of 1,600 m-3321 m, family medical history, and shoulders of unequal height were independently associated with an increased prevalence of suspected scoliosis. It is recommended to promptly screen high-risk adolescents for suspected scoliosis, provide effective preventive and intervention measures.
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Escoliose , Humanos , Escoliose/epidemiologia , China/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , CriançaRESUMO
Asymmetric micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) exhibit higher energy density while face significant challenges in power density as well as cycling life and large dimensions. The key factors contributing to these dilemmas include the match of electrode materials and electrolytes, poor uniformity of device, and complicated while low-precise fabrication processes. Herein we develop a laser scribing-engraving (LSE) strategy to fabricate MSCs with monolithic high-voltage output and scalable array integration. Utilizing this strategy, we induce the conversion of the majority of Ti3C2Tx-MXene into TiO2 and graphene oxide into laser-scribed graphene (LSG), yielding asymmetric MSCs with laser-induced MXene/graphene oxide as the negative electrode and MXene/graphene oxide as the positive electrode. A single asymmetric micro-supercapacitor exhibits a high voltage window of 1.8 V, delivering an outstanding energy density (240 mWh cm-3) and power density (9503 mW cm-3), coupled with excellent cycling stability. Moreover, the LSE strategy enables monolithically integrated 64 devices to achieve a high-voltage output of 115.2 V. Our approach showcases the potential for integrating micro-energy storage devices into various microsystems, increasing the practicality of asymmetric micro-supercapacitors.
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This study employs an innovative dynamic switching test system to investigate the dynamic switching characteristics of three p-GaN HEMT devices. The dynamic switching characteristics are different from the previous research on the dynamic resistance characteristics of GaN devices, and the stability of GaN devices can be analyzed from the perspective of switching characteristics. Based on the theory of dynamic changes in threshold opening voltage and capacitance caused by electrical stress, the mechanism of dynamic switching characteristics of GaN HEMT devices is studied and analyzed in detail. The test results have shown that electrical stress induces trap ionization within the device, resulting in fluctuations in electric potential and ultimately leading to alterations in two critical factors of the dynamic switching characteristics of GaN HEMT devices, the parasitic capacitance and the threshold voltage. The dynamic changes in capacitance before and after electrical stress vary among devices, resulting in different dynamic switching characteristics. The test system is capable of extracting the switching waveform for visual comparison and quantitatively calculating the changes in switching parameters before and after electrical stressing. This test provides a prediction for the drift of switch parameters, offering pre-guidance for the robustness of the optimized application scheme.
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Cite this article as: Zong Z, Xu J, Zhang H, Xu H, Tang X, Shi L. A small "tent" in the esophagus. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2024;35(7): 587-588.
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Esôfago , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças do Esôfago , FemininoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Evidence on the association between early-life malnutrition exposure at different developmental stages and the subsequent risk of osteoporosis and fractures in adulthood remains sparse and equivocal. This study sought to elucidate the relationship between malnutrition exposure in early life and the occurrence of osteoporosis and fractures later in life. METHODS: This research is a cross-sectional analysis carried out within the framework of the China Community-based Cohort of Osteoporosis (CCCO), an ongoing community-based cohort study. Participants were stratified by birthdate into several categories: non-exposed, fetal, early childhood, mid-childhood, late childhood, and adolescence exposure groups. The non-exposure and adolescence exposure groups were consolidated into an "age-matched group" to provide a robust comparative framework for analyzing the probability of developing osteoporosis (defined as a T-score ≤ -2.5 in bone mineral density) and the frequency of self-reported fracture. Multiple logistic regression models were utilized to investigate the association between early-life malnutrition exposure and the risks of osteoporosis and fracture. Additionally, we validated our findings using the China Northwest Cohort (CNC). RESULTS: A total of 12,789 participants were included into the final analysis. After adjusting for various covariates, individuals exposed to malnutrition during their fetal and childhood stages (early, middle, and late) increased the likelihood of developing osteoporosis in adulthood, compared to their age-matched counterparts. In these four groups, the ORs (95% CI) for osteoporosis risk were 1.223 (1.035 to 1.445), 1.208 (1.052 to 1.386), 1.249 (1.097 to 1.421), and 1.101 (1.001 to 1.210), respectively (all P values < 0.05). Specifically, the late childhood exposure group showed a heightened risk of fracture, with an OR (95% CI) of 1.155 (1.033 to 1.291) and a P-value of 0.01127. Stratified analyses further found a significant correlation between early-life exposure to malnutrition and an elevated risk of osteoporosis in participants with lower educational attainment, overweight or obese participants. Additionally, corroborating evidence from the CNC confirmed the influence of malnutrition exposure on osteoporosis risk. CONCLUSIONS: Early-life exposure to malnutrition had a detrimental impact on bone health. Individuals who had experienced malnutrition during fetal and childhood stages (early, middle, and late) exhibited a high susceptibility to osteoporosis in adulthood, compared to age-matched cohorts. This susceptibility was particularly pronounced in women, and individuals who were overweight or obese, or had lower levels of education.
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Learning dynamical networks based on time series of nodal states is of significant interest in systems science, computer science, and control engineering. Despite recent progress in network identification, most research focuses on static structures rather than switching ones. Therefore, this article develops a method for identifying the structures of switching networks by exploring and leveraging both temporal and spatial structural information that characterizes the switching process. The proposed method employs a new sparse Bayesian learning algorithm based on coupled hyperblocks to estimate unknown switching instants. Experimental results on benchmark artificial and real networks are elaborated to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of age, various hormonal levels, and biochemical markers on penile cavernous body vascular function in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). Me-thods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data from male patients with ED who underwent color duplex Doppler ultrasonography (CDDU) and intracavernosal injection test (ICI) at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2020 to August 2023. Data were managed and processed using SPSS 29.0, and a multivariable Logistic regression analysis was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 700 ED patients were included, with 380 showing negative ICI results and 320 positive. In the study, 84 patients had a peak systolic velocity (PSV) < 25 cm/s, while 616 had PSV≥25 cm/s; 202 patients had end-diastolic velocity (EDV)>5 cm/s, and 498 had EDV≤5 cm/s. 264 patients had abnormal PSV and/or EDV results, and 436 had normal results for both. Patients with vascular ED had significantly lower estrogen levels (t=-3.546, P < 0.001), lower testosterone levels (t=-2.089, P=0.037), and a higher rate of hyperglycemia (χ2=12.772, P=0.002) compared with those with non-vascular ED. The patients with arterial ED were older (t=3.953, P < 0.001), had a higher rate of hyperglycemia (χ2=9.518, P=0.009), and a higher estrogen/testosterone ratio (t=2.330, P=0.020) compared with those with non-arterial ED. The patients with mixed arteriovenous ED had higher age (t=3.567, P < 0.001), lower testosterone levels (t=-2.288, P=0.022), a higher rate of hyperglycemia (χ2=12.877, P=0.002), and a larger estrogen/testosterone ratio (t=2.096, P=0.037) compared with those with normal findings. Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis indicated that higher levels of estrogen were a protective factor for vascular ED (OR=1.009, 95%CI: 1.004-1.014), and glucose≥7.0 mmol/L was a risk factor (OR=0.381, 95%CI: 0.219-0.661). Older age was a risk factor for arterial ED (OR=0.960, 95%CI: 0.938-0.982). Additionally, older age (OR=0.976, 95%CI: 0.958-0.993) and glucose levels of 5.6-6.9 mmol/L (OR=0.591, 95%CI: 0.399-0.876) were also risk factors for mixed arterio-venous ED. CONCLUSION: Hyperglycemia and aging may impair penile cavernous body vascular function, while higher levels of estrogen may have a protective effect on it.
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Disfunção Erétil , Pênis , Testosterona , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pênis/irrigação sanguínea , Testosterona/sangue , Disfunção Erétil/fisiopatologia , Ultrassonografia Doppler em Cores , Estrogênios/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Etários , AdultoRESUMO
Nimbolide has been demonstrated to possess protective properties against gestational diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy. However, the role and molecular mechanism of nimbolide in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remain unknown. Diabetes was induced in rats via a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and then the diabetic rats were administered nimbolide (5â¯mg/kg and 20â¯mg/kg) or dimethyl sulfoxide daily for 12 weeks. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were exposed to high glucose (25â¯mM glucose) to mimic DCM in vitro. The protective effects of nimbolide against DCM were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. The potential molecular mechanism of nimbolide in DCM was further explored. We found that nimbolide dose-dependently decreased blood glucose and improved body weight of diabetic rats. Additionally, nimbolide dose-dependently improved cardiac function, alleviated myocardial injury/fibrosis, and inhibited endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in diabetic rats. Moreover, nimbolide dose-dependently improved mitochondrial function and activated the Akt/mTOR signaling. We consistently demonstrated the cardioprotective effects of nimbolide in an in vitro model of DCM. The involvement of ER stress and mitochondrial pathways were further confirmed by using inhibitors of ER stress and mitochondrial division. By applying a specific Akt inhibitor SC66, the cardioprotective effects of nimbolide were partially blocked. Our study indicated that nimbolide alleviated DCM by activating Akt/mTOR pathway. Nimbolide may be a novel therapeutic agent for DCM treatment.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas , Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático , Limoninas , Mitocôndrias , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Transdução de Sinais , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR , Animais , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/metabolismo , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/patologia , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/prevenção & controle , Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Limoninas/farmacologia , Masculino , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/patologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Linhagem Celular , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Cardiotônicos/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: With a considerable variety of cancer subtypes, Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) poses a substantial threat to public health, affecting a large number of individuals and resulting in a high mortality rate. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been applied in various diseases, including cancers. This study aims to investigate the clinial significance and functional role of circPTP4A2 in NSCLC. METHODS: The serum and tissue samples were collected for detecting circPTP4A2 expression in NSCLC using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Actinomycin D was used to treat NSCLC cells to detect circPTP4A2 stability. The CCK-8 and Transwell assays were utilized to assess the effects of circPTP4A2 in NSCLC cells. The ELISA assay and cytotoxicity analysis were used to detect the roles of circPTP4A2 in immune escape. RESULTS: The serum and tissue circPTP4A2 expression was upregulated in NSCLC. The high circPTP4A2 had a relatively high value in differentiating NSCLC patients from healthy individuals. The proliferation, invasion, and immune escape were repressed by circPTP4A2 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS: High circPTP4A2 has the potential to be a diagnostic biomarker in NSCLC. Silencing of circPTP4A2 receded the progression of NSCLC and enhanced antitumor immunity, which might provide potential targets and new ideas for improving the diagnosis and effect of immunotherapy in NSCLC patients.