RESUMO
AIM: This report presents phenotypic and genetic data on the prevalence and characteristics of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs) and representative carbapenemases-producing Gram-negative species in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 52 centers participated, 43 hospital-based laboratories and 9 external laboratories. The distribution of antimicrobial resistance data for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Acinetobacter baumannii complex, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in selected clinical specimens from January 1 to March 31, 2020 was analyzed using the WHONET 5.6 platform. The following clinical isolates recovered from selected specimens were included: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, ESBL or carbapenem-resistant E. coli, and K. pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii complex, and P. aeruginosa. Strains were genotyped to detect ESBL and/or carbapenemase-encoding genes. RESULTS: Among blood isolates, A. baumannii complex showed more than 68% resistance for all antibiotics tested, and among Enterobacteria, E. cloacae complex showed higher resistance to carbapenems. A. baumannii complex showed a higher resistance pattern for respiratory specimens, with only amikacin having a resistance lower than 70%. Among K. pneumoniae isolates, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX were detected in 68.79%, 72.3%, and 91.9% of isolates, respectively. Among E. coli isolates, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX were detected in 20.8%, 4.53%, and 85.7% isolates, respectively. For both species, the most frequent genotype was blaCTX-M-15. Among Enterobacteriaceae, the most frequently detected carbapenemase-encoding gene was blaNDM-1 (81.5%), followed by blaOXA-232 (14.8%) and blaoxa-181(7.4%), in A. baumannii was blaOXA-24 (76%) and in P. aeruginosa, was blaIMP (25.3%), followed by blaGES and blaVIM (13.1% each). CONCLUSION: Our study reports that NDM-1 is the most frequent carbapenemase-encoding gene in Mexico in Enterobacteriaceae with the circulation of the oxacillinase genes 181 and 232. KPC, in contrast to other countries in Latin America and the USA, is a rare occurrence. Additionally, a high circulation of ESBL blaCTX-M-15 exists in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Resistência beta-Lactâmica/genética , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Carbapenêmicos/uso terapêutico , Genes Bacterianos , Genótipo , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/enzimologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/genética , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fenótipo , beta-Lactamases/genéticaRESUMO
We previously identified bipolar disorder (BD) susceptibility loci on 8q24, 14q32, and 2q12-14 in a genome-wide nonparametric linkage screen in a Latino cohort. We now perform a fine mapping analysis using a dense map of additional SNPs to identify BD susceptibility genes within these regions. One thousand nine hundred and thirty-eight individuals with Latino ancestry (880 individuals with BD Type I or Schizoaffective, Bipolar Type) from 416 Latino pedigrees from the United States, Mexico, Costa Rica, and Guatemala were genotyped with 3,074 SNPs to provide dense coverage of the 8q24 (11.5 cM), 14q32 (7.5 cM), and 2q12-14 (6.5 cM) chromosomal loci. Single-marker association tests in the presence of linkage were performed using the LAMP software. The top linkage peak (rs7834818; LOD = 5.08, p = 3.30E - 5) and associated single marker (rs2280915, p = 2.70E - 12) were located within FBXO32 on 8q24. On chromosome 2, the top linkage peak (rs6750326; LOD = 5.06, p = 3.50E - 5) and associated single marker (rs11887088, p = 2.90E - 6) were located in intragenic regions near ACTR3 and DPP10. None of the additional markers in the region around chromosome 14q32 met significance levels for linkage or association. We identified six SNPs on 2q12-q14 and one SNP in FBXO32 on 8q24 that were significantly associated with BD in this Latino cohort.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 2/genética , Transtornos Psicóticos/genética , Proteína 3 Relacionada a Actina/genética , Proteína 3 Relacionada a Actina/metabolismo , Adulto , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Mapeamento Cromossômico/métodos , Costa Rica , Dipeptidil Peptidases e Tripeptidil Peptidases/genética , Dipeptidil Peptidases e Tripeptidil Peptidases/metabolismo , Feminino , Ligação Genética/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/métodos , Genótipo , Guatemala , Hispânico ou Latino/genética , Humanos , Escore Lod , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Musculares/genética , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Proteínas Ligases SKP Culina F-Box/genética , Proteínas Ligases SKP Culina F-Box/metabolismo , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The objective of this work is to study the immediate transport flows of PM2.5 diesel exhaust emissions on a city sidewalk. Under calm conditions largest direct exhaust PM2.5 diesel concentrations tend to accumulate at two preferred heights: higher ones at 200-225 cm due to truck and buses aerodynamics, and lower ones at 130-160 cm due to light vehicles. Obtained flows indicate that exhaust emissions are transported to these heights via vortices generated by vehicular traffic. The lower height vortices transporting PM2.5 direct diesel emissions place children aged between 7 and 15 at a higher acute exposure risk due to their stature. Also, the hourly averaged PM2.5 concentrations tend to accumulate nearer to the roadside. This information was obtained using a specially designed electromechanical near-surface atmospheric profiler equipped with a PM2.5 measurement instrument, a thermistor and a sonic anemometer installed on a sidewalk. Using signal analysis techniques, coherent flows of direct PM2.5 emissions and thermal information were obtained. The proposed methodology can be used to evaluate before and after urban interventions, obtain full-scale sidewalk data for exposure studies and provides criteria on where to place sidewalk measurement instruments.
Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental , Material Particulado/toxicidade , Adolescente , Criança , Cidades , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Humanos , Material Particulado/análise , Emissões de Veículos/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: One of the most popular expressions of massive group classes of aerobic physical activity is Zumba fitness. The aim of the study was to compare and relate the energy expenditure and the amount and intensity of physical effort during a Zumba fitness class in women with different Body Mass Index (BMI). METHODS: Body displacements of 61 adult women who performed a one-hour Zumba session were evaluated with triaxial accelerometers. In order to observe the effect of BMI women were divided into normal weight (N.=26), overweight (N.=21) and obese groups (N.=14). RESULTS: The average number of steps was 4533.3±1351 and the percentage of total class time of moderate to vigorous intensity (% MVPA) was 53.8±14.4%. The metabolic intensity average was 3.64±1.1 MET, with an energy expenditure by total body mass of 3.9±1.6 kcal/kg. When analyzing groups, the normal weight group had a greater number of steps (5184.2±1561.1 steps/class) compared to overweight (4244.8±1049.3 steps/class) and obese women (3756.9±685.7 steps/class) with P<0.05. Also, the normal weight group spent a lower percentage of class time at the lower levels of intensity (sedentary and lifestyle activity levels) and more time at the highest levels (vigorous and very vigorous) compared to obese women (P<0.05). Participants with a normal weight obtained a higher % MVPA (62.1±15%) compared to overweight (50.1±9.4%) and obese (44.1±11.9%) groups with P<0.05. A metabolic intensity of 4.6±1.9 MET in the normal weight group was higher compared to 3.5±1.0 MET in the overweight (P<0.05) and 3.1±1.2 MET in the obese group (P<0.05), was observed. The subjective perception of effort was 7.84±0.9 (Borg CR 10), no differences between groups. Also we observed in all participants that at higher BMI values, there were lower energy expenditure values per kilo of weight (r=-0.40; P<0.001), metabolic intensity (r=-0.39; P<0.001), step counts (r=-0.43; P<0.001) and % MVPA (r=-0.50; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that a higher BMI is associated with a lower intensity of effort, energy expenditure and amount of physical activity during a one-hour Zumba class, restricting to overweight and obese women to achieving the effort parameters recommended to control weight and improve cardiovascular fitness.
Assuntos
Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Metabolismo Energético , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Esforço Físico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous putative genetic polymorphisms associated with bipolar disorder (BD) and/or schizophrenia (SC). We hypothesized that a portion of these polymorphisms would also be associated with BD in the Latino American population. To identify such regions, we tested previously identified genetic variants associated with BD and/or SC and ancestral haploblocks containing these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a sample of Latino subjects with BD. METHODS: A total of 2254 Latino individuals were genotyped for 91 SNPs identified in previous BD and/or SC GWASs, along with selected SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium with these markers. Family-based single marker and haplotype association testing was performed using the PBAT software package. Empirical P-values were derived from 10 000 permutations. RESULTS: Associations of eight a priori GWAS SNPs with BD were replicated with nominal (P≤.05) levels of significance. These included SNPs within nuclear factor I A (NFIA), serologically defined colon cancer antigen 8 (SDCCAG8), lysosomal associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3), nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1), major histocompatibility complex, class I, B (HLA-B) and 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II (NT5C2) and SNPs within intragenic regions microRNA 6828 (MIR6828)-solute carrier family 7 member 14 (SLC7A14) and sonic hedgehog (SHH)-long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1006 (LINC01006). Of the 76 ancestral haploblocks that were tested for associations with BD, our top associated haploblock was located in LAMP3; however, the association did not meet statistical thresholds of significance following Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that some of the gene variants found to be associated with BD or SC in other populations are also associated with BD risk in Latinos. Variants in six genes and two intragenic regions were associated with BD in our Latino sample and provide additional evidence for overlap in genetic risk between SC and BD.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/genética , Proteínas de Membrana Lisossomal/genética , Subunidade p50 de NF-kappa B/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Esquizofrenia , Adulto , Transtorno Bipolar/etnologia , Transtorno Bipolar/genética , Costa Rica/epidemiologia , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Testes Genéticos , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Guatemala/epidemiologia , Haplótipos , Hispânico ou Latino/genética , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Esquizofrenia/etnologia , Esquizofrenia/genética , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Through recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs), several groups have reported significant association between variants in the calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L-type, alpha 1C subunit (CACNA1C) and bipolar disorder (BP) in European and European-American cohorts. We performed a family-based association study to determine whether CACNA1C is associated with BP in the Latino population. METHODS: This study included 913 individuals from 215 Latino pedigrees recruited from the USA, Mexico, Guatemala, and Costa Rica. The Illumina GoldenGate Genotyping Assay was used to genotype 58 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that spanned a 602.9-kb region encompassing the CACNA1C gene including two SNPs (rs7297582 and rs1006737) previously shown to associate with BP. Individual SNP and haplotype association analyses were performed using Family-Based Association Test (version 2.0.3) and Haploview (version 4.2) software. RESULTS: An eight-locus haplotype block that included these two markers showed significant association with BP (global marker permuted p = 0.0018) in the Latino population. For individual SNPs, this sample had insufficient power (10%) to detect associations with SNPs with minor effect (odds ratio = 1.15). CONCLUSIONS: Although we were not able to replicate findings of association between individual CACNA1C SNPs rs7297582 and rs1006737 and BP, we were able to replicate the GWAS signal reported for CACNA1C through a haplotype analysis that encompassed these previously reported significant SNPs. These results provide additional evidence that CACNA1C is associated with BP and provides the first evidence that variations in this gene might play a role in the pathogenesis of this disorder in the Latino population.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/genética , Canais de Cálcio/genética , Saúde da Família , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Costa Rica , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Guatemala , Haplótipos , Hispânico ou Latino/genética , Humanos , Masculino , México , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Chile tuvo una transición epidemiológica y nutricional acelerada, con aumento explosivo de factores de riesgo de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y obesidad. El cambio de dieta hacia alimentos poco saludables, con alto contenido de grasas, azúcar y sal, junto al sedentarismo, incrementaron la obesidad. Para conocer más acerca de factores de riesgo y obesidad, se efectuó la Primera Encuesta de Calidad de Vida y Salud 2000, con una segunda versión el 2006. El objetivo de esta publicación es analizar la relación de la actividad física con el consumo de frutas, verduras y lácteos, percepción de peso y estrés, de los participantes en la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida y Salud (ECVS) 2006. La ECVS 2006 se realizó en 6.210 sujetos con un 10,8% de activos y un 89,2% de sedentarios. Estos se relacionaron con las variables consumo de frutas, verduras, lácteos, autopercepción del peso y estrés, por sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Los resultados muestran que más de la mitad de los sujetos activos consumen frutas y verduras todos los días y la mitad consume leche diariamente, con más posibilidad de comer alimentos saludables que los sedentarios. Se comprobó que las personas sedentarias se perciben con más sobrepeso y obesidad que las activas. No se encontró relación entre ser activo o sedentario con estrés. A medida que mejora el nivel socioeconómico, las personas hacen más actividad física y consumen más alimentos saludables. Estos resultados permiten proponer políticas y programas focalizados en alimentación saludable y actividad física para la población chilena.
Chile had a rapid epidemiological and nutritional transition with an increase in risk factors for chronic diseases and obesity. Dietary changes have occurred, mostly an increase in consumption of foods high in fat, sugar and salt, as well as a decrease in physical activity. This has led to a marked increase in obesity rates. To learn more on these risk factors for chronic diseases, obesity and physical activity, the First Quality of Life and Health Survey (ECVS) was carried out in 2000, with a second version in 2006. The objective of this paper is to analyze, from data collected by the 2006 survey, the relationship of physical activity with the consumption of fruits, vegetables and dairy products, weight perception and stress. The 2006 survey included 6.210 subjects with a 10.8% of active population and 89.2% of sedentary people. The relationship of activity was determined with the consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, weight perception and stress, by sex and socioeconomic levels. Results show that more than 50% of the active subjects consume fruits and vegetables, and 50% consume dairy products every day, with a higher probability of active persons of consuming healthy foods than the sedentary ones. Besides, sedentary people perceive themselves with more overweight and obesity than the active subjects. There was no relationship between physical activity and stress. People with a higher socioeconomic level are more active and consume more healthy products. These results permit to elaborate targeted policies and programs to improve diet and physical activity in the Chilean population.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , Atividade Motora , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Estudos Transversais , Chile/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Laticínios , Frutas , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , VerdurasRESUMO
Chile had a rapid epidemiological and nutritional transition with an increase in risk factors for chronic diseases and obesity. Dietary changes have occurred, mostly an increase in consumption of foods high in fat, sugar and salt, as well as a decrease in physical activity. This has led to a marked increase in obesity rates. To learn more on these risk factors for chronic diseases, obesity and physical activity, the First Quality of Life and Health Survey (ECVS) was carried out in 2000, with a second version in 2006. The objective of this paper is to analyze, from data collected by the 2006 survey, the relationship of physical activity with the consumption of fruits, vegetables and dairy products, weight perception and stress. The 2006 survey included 6.210 subjects with a 10.8% of active population and 89.2% of sedentary people. The relationship of activity was determined with the consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, weight perception and stress, by sex and socioeconomic levels. Results show that more than 50% of the active subjects consume fruits and vegetables, and 50% consume dairy products every day, with a higher probability of active persons of consuming healthy foods than the sedentary ones. Besides, sedentary people perceive themselves with more overweight and obesity than the active subjects. There was no relationship between physical activity and stress. People with a higher socioeconomic level are more active and consume more healthy products. These results permit to elaborate targeted policies and programs to improve diet and physical activity in the Chilean population.
Assuntos
Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , Atividade Motora , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Chile/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Laticínios , Feminino , Frutas , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Verduras , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción. El pseudotumor inflamatorio del pulmón es una lesión no neoplásica que puede simular un proceso maligno y que explica más de la mitad de los casos de masas pulmonares en la infancia. Existen escasas publicaciones de esta enfermedad en la edad pediátrica. Casos clínicos. Se describen 2 pacientes con pseudotumor inflamatorio del pulmón tratados quirúrgicamente, haciendo énfasis en los hallazgos clínicos, radiológicos e histopatológicos.Conclusión. Debe sospecharse esta enfermedad ante la presencia de masa intrapulmonar en la radiografía de tórax con antecedente de proceso infeccioso. El diagnóstico es forzosamente histopatológico y el tratamiento siempre es quirúrgico. Lesión intrapulmonar; pseudotumor inflamatorio; granuloma de células plasmáticas.