RESUMO
To evaluate the association between nutritional risk and functionality of children and adolescents hospitalized with COVID-19 at admission and discharge. METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study with patients under 19 years old, positive for SARS-COV-2 by RT-PCR test, from February 2020 to May 2022. The STRONGKids screening (Screening Tool Risk On Nutritional Status and Growth) was used to assess nutritional risk on hospital admission and the Functional Status Scale (FSS-Brazil) to determine the functionality of patients on admission and discharge. Data was collected from hospital medical records. Poisson regressions with crude robust variance were used to test the association between nutritional risk and functional status at admission, with adjustments for the age, length of stay, and presence of complex chronic conditions. RESULTS: Of the 217 patients, 55.7% (n = 121) were boys with a median age of 6 years (IQ 0-12), 58.5% (n = 127) had at least one complex chronic condition, 64% (n = 139) had medium/high nutritional risk, and 23.9% (n = 52) had some degree of dysfunctionality upon admission and 14.6% (n = 31) upon discharge. By associating STRONGKids and the FSS-Brasil of hospital admission, it was observed that children with low nutritional risk had a mean global FSS lower (6.4 ± 0.7) than children with medium/high nutritional risk (7. 7 ± 2.8; p < 0.001). Children with low nutritional risk on admission also had a lower mean (6.1 ± 0.59) on the FSS at hospital discharge than children with medium/high nutritional risk (7.1 ± 2.5; p < 0.001). After adjustments, it was identified that the addition of one STRONGKids point increases by 36% (PR 1.36; 95%CI 1.15-1.62) the probability of the patient presenting some degree of functional impairment on admission. Conclusion: The study found a positive association between nutritional risk and functional impairment in hospitalized children and adolescents with COVID-19 on admission, even after adjusting for age, length of stay, and complex chronic conditions. Furthermore, patients with medium/high nutritional risk at admission also had worse functionality, both on admission and at discharge. WHAT IS KNOWN: ⢠Children and adolescents infected with COVID-19 tend to exhibit milder symptoms and lower hospitalization rates compared to adults, although severe cases and complications can occur. ⢠A paucity of targeted investigations exists regarding the correlation between nutritional risk and functionality in children and adolescents with COVID-19. WHAT IS NEW: ⢠Children and adolescents with COVID-19 who presented with medium to high nutritional risk upon hospital admission demonstrated functional impairments, both at admission and hospital discharge.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Desnutrição , Criança , Masculino , Adulto , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Feminino , Avaliação Nutricional , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/complicações , SARS-CoV-2 , Estado Nutricional , Hospitalização , Doença Crônica , Desnutrição/etiologiaRESUMO
Abstract Introduction COVID-19 could leave important consequences, including functional decline. Objective Eval-uate functional status in pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and correlate with clinical variables. Methods Prospective and retrospective longitudinal study with patients with COVID-19. Hospitalization data were collected from medical record review and post discharge data were collected by telephone contact. Functional status was evaluated by Functional Status Scale (FSS-Brazil) in three moments (hospital admission, hospi-tal discharge and after hospital discharge). Spearman test was used to correlate continuous variables and the linear model with generalized estimation equations was used to verify differences in the proportion of functional impairment occurrence (FSS-Brazil ≥ 8) at different mo-ments of the study and previous disease presence. Results It was included 232 patients, 56% male, median age of five years old. Seventy (30.2%) patients had post discharge data. The mean global score of FSS-Brazil was 7.3 at hospital admission, 6.8 at discharge hospital and 6.8 after discharge hospital. Functional status was adequate in the three different moments evaluated in 75% of the sample. The ventilatory support needed was not correlated with functional status and the length of hos-pital stay and oxygen therapy showed weak correlations with functional status. Having no previous disease reduced the risk of functional impairment by 94%. Conclusion The majority of the patients maintained adequate functional status. Absence of previous disease was a protective factor for long term functional impairment.
Resumo Introdução A COVID-19 pode deixar sequelas impor-tantes, como declínio funcional. Objetivo Avaliar a funcionalidade dos pacientes pediátricos internados com COVID-19 e correlacionar com variáveis clínicas. Métodos Estudo longitudinal retrospectivo e prospectivo, com pacientes pediátricos com COVID-19. Os dados de internação hospitalar foram coletados a partir da revisão de prontuários e os dados pós-alta através de contato telefônico. A funcionalidade foi avaliada através da Escala de Estado Funcional Pediátrica (FSS-Brasil) em três momentos (admissão, alta e pós-alta hospitalar). A correlação entre as variáveis contínuas foi avaliada pelo teste de Spearman e utilizou-se o modelo linear com equações de estimação generalizada para verificar as diferenças nas proporções de ocorrência de prejuízo funcional (FSS-Brasil ≥ 8) nos diferentes momentos do estudo e na presença de doenças prévias. Resultados Foram incluídos 232 pacientes, 56% do sexo masculino, mediana de 5 anos de idade. Foram obtidos dados de seguimento pós-alta hospitalar de 70 (30,2%) crianças. O escore global médio da FSS-Brasil foi de 7,3 na admissão, 6,8 na alta e 6,8 após a alta. A funcionalidade apresentou-se adequada nos três momentos de avalia-ção em 75% da amostra. A necessidade de suporte ven-tilatório não foi correlacionado com a funcionalidade, e o tempo de internação e oxigenoterapia apresentaram correlações fracas com a funcionalidade. A inexistência de doenças prévias reduziu em 94% o risco de prejuízo funcional. Conclusão A maioria das crianças manteve funcionalidade adequada. Não ter doenças prévias foi um fator de proteção para o prejuízo funcional em longo prazo.