RESUMO
This study focuses on describing the diversity of pesticides, the knowledge and behaviors of their use, and the acute poisoning symptoms (APS) derived from their exposure from two agricultural production systems (papaya-Carica papaya L.- and chili-Capsicum annuum L.-) in Oaxaca, Mexico. Through surveys, sociodemographic information, characteristics of the production system, knowledge and behaviors in the handling of pesticides, and APS perceived by users were captured. Papaya producers are younger, have fewer years of activity, and have larger agricultural areas than chili producers. Insect attacks and diseases are an essential factor for the application of pesticides. Thirty-one active ingredients (Ais) were identified in papaya and thirty-seven in chili, predominantly insecticides and fungicides of toxicological category IV. Approximately 50% of users apply mixtures of different Ais, have little knowledge and inappropriate behavior in their handling, and report up to five acute pesticide poisoning symptoms, mainly burning and irritation of the skin, burning eyes, itchy skin, runny nose, headache, and watery eyes. The production of papaya and chili are relevant activities for generating economic income, but they risk the producer's and their family's health. Both systems are a potential scenario for the manifestation of diseases due to exposure to pesticides in the medium and long term.
Assuntos
Capsicum , Carica , Praguicidas , México , Humanos , Adulto , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Masculino , População Rural , Adulto Jovem , Agricultura , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Exposição Ambiental , Exposição Ocupacional , Adolescente , IdosoRESUMO
Resumen Justificación y objetivo: La identificación de los factores de riesgo asociados a la obesidad contribuye a implementar estrategias para la modificación de conductas y estilos de vida saludables. En la región del Istmo de Oaxaca, México, no hay registros sobre dicho fenómeno. El presente estudio determina los niveles de obesidad y su relación con factores de riesgo entre la población femenina residente en las localidades de Santa María Xadani y Juchitán de Zaragoza. Métodos: A través de un estudio transversal, se encuestó a 355 mujeres para documentar información sociodemográfica, antecedentes de salud, hábitos de alimentación y ejercicio. Mediante una exploración física se midió la masa corporal y altura para el cálculo del índice de masa corporal, y así se estableció el nivel de obesidad de acuerdo con la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-043-SSA2-2012. La información se analizó mediante estadística descriptiva y regresión logística. Resultados: El 38,6 % de las mujeres presentaba sobrepeso y en el 39,2 % se encontró en algún nivel de obesidad. Los factores de riesgo encontrados fueron la procedencia rural, el hábito de cenar, los antecedentes familiares de enfermedades crónico - degenerativas y el sedentarismo, que representaron un riesgo de 1,6; 1,6; 1,8 y 1,9 veces más a desarrollar algún nivel de obesidad, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad entre las mujeres fue alta (77,8 %). Se identificaron cuatro factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de obesidad. Es necesario implementar estrategias integrales de atención a la problemática en la población estudiada, en particular, en la infantil.
Abstract Background and aim: The identification of risk factors associated with obesity helps to implement strategies for the modification of healthy behaviors and lifestyles. In the isthmus region of Oaxaca, Mexico, there are no records of this phenomenon. The present study determines the levels of obesity and the relationship with risk factors among the female population that resides in the towns of Santa Maria Xadani and Juchitan de Zaragoza. Methods: Through a cross-sectional study, 355 women were surveyed to document sociodemographic information, health history, and eating habits and exercise. Through a physical examination, body mass and height were measured for the calculation of the body mass index, and thus the level of obesity was established according to the Official Mexican Standard NOM-043-SSA2-2012. The information was analyzed using descriptive statistic and logistic regression. Results: 38,6% of women are overweight and in 39,2% some level of obesity was found. The risk factors identified were rural origin, the habit of dinning, family history o cfhronic degenerative diseases and sedentary lifestyle, which represent a risk of 1,6; 1,6; 1,8 and 1,9 times more to develop some level of obesity, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among women was high (77,8%). Four risk factors for the development of obesity were identified. It is necessary to implement strategies for attention to the problem in the population studied, particularly in children.