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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this research is to determine the changes in brain structures, both cortical and subcortical, in patients with drug-resistant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), in order to contribute to the understanding of the characteristics of the drug-resistant syndrome and to offer possible answers and hypotheses for further studies and more adequate treatments. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Observational case-control study. A convenience sample size of four cases and 16 healthy controls was defined to ensure the feasibility of the project (ratio of 4:1). The data collected for patients with drug-resistant JME came from 1.5T MRI equipment. FreeSurfer software was used to determine cortical and subcortical areas in both drug-resistant JME patients and healthy controls. RESULTS: A total of 20 participants were included in the study, of whom four (20%) were drug-resistant JME patients and 16% (80%) were healthy controls. The clusters with statistically significant differences in cortical thickness are located in the precentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, medial temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus, predominantly in the left hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS: Structural brain changes are observed in patients with drug-resistant JME that may go undetected by the conventional processing techniques used in magnetic resonance imaging.
TITLE: Cambios estructurales cerebrales en la epilepsia mioclónica juvenil farmacorresistente.Introducción. El objetivo de la investigación es determinar los cambios en las estructuras cerebrales, tanto corticales como subcorticales, de pacientes con epilepsia mioclónica juvenil (EMJ) farmacorresistente, para aportar al conocimiento de las características del síndrome farmacorresistente y brindar posibles respuestas e hipótesis para nuevos estudios y tratamientos más adecuados. Sujetos y métodos. Estudio observacional de casos y controles. Se define un tamaño de muestra a conveniencia de cuatro casos y 16 controles sanos para garantizar la viabilidad del proyecto (relación 4:1). Los datos recolectados para los pacientes con EMJ farmacorresistentes provienen de un equipo de resonancia magnética de 1,5 T. Para determinar las áreas corticales y subcorticales, tanto en la EMJ farmacorresistente como en los controles sanos, se usó el software FreeSurfer. Resultados. Se incluyó a un total de 20 participantes en el estudio, de los cuales cuatro (20%) corresponden a EMJ farmacorresistentes y 16 (80 %) a controles sanos. La localización de los clústeres con diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el grosor cortical se encuentra en el giro precentral, el giro temporal superior, el giro temporal transverso, el giro temporal medial y el giro supramarginal, con predominancia en el hemisferio izquierdo. Conclusiones. Se evidencian cambios estructurales cerebrales en pacientes con EMJ farmacorresistente, cambios que pueden pasar desapercibidos por las técnicas convencionales en el procesamiento de las imágenes de resonancia magnética.
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Epilepsia Mioclônica Juvenil , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/patologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Epilepsia Mioclônica Juvenil/diagnóstico por imagem , Epilepsia Mioclônica Juvenil/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Introducción: la estrategia de atención integrada a las enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia (AIEPI), avanza en el concepto de integralidad de la atención de la salud, siendo una herramienta práctica, en los servicios de salud y hogar, establece máxima validez a las preocupaciones de la comunidad y del personal de salud. Objetivo: conocer la promoción de la salud a través de prácticas claves en la atención integrada a las enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia (AIEPI), en profesores de educación prebásica. Material y métodos: investigación descriptiva en población de 59 técnicos y profesionales adscritos a jardines infantiles y salas cuna, en la ciudad de Temuco, que corresponden a 23 salas cuna, que ejercen actividades laborales con lactantes de 6-12 meses. Recolección de información, y instrumento de prácticas claves propuestas por AIEPI OMS/OPS, el análisis se trabajó con estadística descriptiva e inferencia estadística, apoyándose en el software SPSS versión 24 en español. La investigación cumplió los criterios de rigor ético de Ezequiel Emanuel y la aprobación del Comité de Ética acreditado de la Universidad Mayor. Resultados: 59 personas, de sexo femenino, personal de atención en la guardería de jardines infantiles y salas cuna. La edad promedio de 40 años, promedio de 8 años de ejercicio técnico profesional. El 78% del personal de atención en la guardería, posee una jornada laboral de 9 horas diarias. Respecto a las conductas en lactancia materna un 78 %, "siempre" realiza fomento del amamantamiento y un 72,9 % "siempre" fomenta los beneficios de la lactancia materna; no obstante, en cuanto al fomento de la técnica de acople, "a veces" fomenta la técnica un 39,8 %. De la inmunización un 64,4 % del personal parvulario, "siempre fomenta la vacunación del PNI", por otro lado, un 71 % de la muestra "siempre fomenta la administración de vacunas de campaña (influenza)". De la conducta por cuadro respiratorio, un 69,5 % de la población, "siempre reconoce los signos y síntomas que alertan de un cuadro respiratorio". Conclusión: en la comunidad educativa, el uso de la estrategia desarrolla un actuar más efectivo, identificando actitudes de promoción. El tener la posibilidad de contacto diario; permite a la comunidad de prebásica dirigir su mirada hacia los problemas más relevantes y proponer estrategias para la solución en conexión con el sector salud
Introduction: the strategy of Integrated Attention to Prevalent Childhood Diseases (IMCI), advances in the concept of comprehensive health care, being a practical tool, in health and home services, giving maximum validity to concerns of the community and health personnel. Objective: to know the promotion of health through key practices in Integrated Attention to Prevalent Childhood Illnesses (IMCI), in pre-basic education teachers. Material and Methods: Descriptive research in a population of 59 technicians and professionals assigned to Kindergartens and Nursery Rooms, in the city of Temuco, corresponding to 23 Nursery Rooms, who carry out work activities with infants aged 6-12 months. Information collection and key practices instrument proposed by IMCI WHO / PAHO. The analysis was carried out with descriptive statistics and statistical inference, relying on the SPSS software version 24 in Spanish. The research met the criteria of ethical rigor of Ezequiel Emanuel and the approval of the accredited Ethics Committee of the Universidad Mayor. Results: 59 people, female, nursery care personnel from Kindergartens and Nursery Rooms. The average age of 40 years, average of 8 years of professional technical practice. 78% of the kindergarten staff have a 9-hour workday. Regarding breastfeeding behaviors, 78% "always" promote breastfeeding and 72.9% "always" promote the benefits of breastfeeding, however, regarding the promotion of the coupling technique, "a times", 39.8% promote the technique. Of the immunization, 64.4% of the kindergarten staff "always promote the PNI vaccination", on the other hand, 71% of the sample "always promote the administration of field vaccines (Influenza)". Of the behavior due to respiratory symptoms, 69.5% of the population "always recognize the signs and symptoms that warn of a respiratory condition". Conclusion: in the educational community, the use of the strategy develops a more effective action, identifying attitudes of promotion. Having the possibility of daily contact; allows the pre-basic community to direct its gaze towards the most relevant problems and propose strategies for the solution in connection with the health sector.
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Atenção Integrada às Doenças Prevalentes na Infância , Promoção da Saúde , Saúde da Criança , EnfermagemRESUMO
AIMS: To evaluate the mycoremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by either single cultures or binary consortia of Pleurotus pulmonarius LBM 105 and Trametes sanguinea LBM 023. METHODS AND RESULTS: PCBs tolerance, removal capacity, toxicity reduction and ligninolytic enzyme expression were assessed when growing single culture and binary consortium of fungus in 217 mg l-1 of a technical mixture of Aroclor 1242, 1254 and 1260 in transformer oil. A decrease in tolerance and variation in ligninolytic enzyme secretion were observed in PCB-amended solid media. Pleurotus pulmonarius LBM 105 mono-culture was able to remove up to 95·4% of PCBs, whereas binary consortium and T. sanguinea LBM 023 could biodegrade about 55% after 24 days. Significant detoxification levels were detected in all treatments by biosorption mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: Pleurotus pulmonarius LBM 105 in single culture had the best performance regarding PCBs biodegradation and toxicity reduction. Ligninolytic enzyme secretion changed in co-culture. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The evaluation of PCBs bioremediation effectiveness of basidiomycetes consortium in terms of PCB removal, toxicity and ligninolytic enzyme production to unravel the differences between using individual cultures or consortium has not been reported. The results from this study enable the selection of P. pulmonarius LBM 105 mono-culture to bioremediate PCBs as it showed higher efficiency compared to binary consortium with T. sanguinea LBM 023 for potential decontamination of PCB-contaminated transformer oil.
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Bifenilos Policlorados , Biodegradação Ambiental , Pleurotus , Bifenilos Policlorados/análise , Polyporaceae , TrametesRESUMO
AIMS: The aims of this article were to select fungal species with high tolerance and high growth rate in mediums supplemented with limonene and citrus essential oils (CEOs), and to test the bioconversion capability of the chosen isolates for the bioproduction of aroma compounds. METHODS AND RESULTS: Based on the use of predictive mycology, 21 of 29 isolates were selected after assaying R-(+)-limonene and CEO tolerance (10 g l-1 ). With a dendrogram divisive coefficient of 0·937, the subcluster two with isolates Aspergillus niger LBM 055, Penicillium sp. LBM 150, Penicillium sp. LBM 151 and Penicillium sp. LBM 154 gathered the highest tolerance and mycelia growth speed. Ultrastructural analysis indicated that culture media containing limonene had no visible toxic activity that could promote morphological changes in the fungal cell wall. The biomass of A. niger LBM055 was distinctive in liquid media supplemented with R-(+)-limonene (0·57 ± 0·07 g) and it was selected to prove bioconversion capacity, under static and agitated conditions, and converted up to 98% of limonene, yielding a wide variety of products that were quantified by GC-FID. It was obtained at molecular weights less than limonene (64-100%), between limonene and α-terpineol (12-72%) and greater than α-terpineol (2-48%). CONCLUSIONS: Aspergillus niger LBM 055, Penicillium sp. LBM 150, Penicillium sp. LBM 151 and Penicillium sp. LBM 154 showed to the highest tolerance and growth rate in mediums supplemented with R-(+)-limonene and orange and lemon essential oils. Particularly, A. niger LBM055, showed limonene bioconversion capability and produced different molecular weights compounds such us α-terpineol. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Different bioproducts can be obtained by changing operative condition with the same fungus, and this bioprocess aspect is a significant approach to be adopted on industrial scale leading to the creation of new natural flavours and fragrance compositions.
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Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Citrus/economia , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos/metabolismo , Limoneno/metabolismo , Ascomicetos/classificação , Ascomicetos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biomassa , Biotransformação , Citrus/química , Meios de Cultura/química , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos/química , Aromatizantes/química , Aromatizantes/metabolismo , Limoneno/análise , Limoneno/química , Óleos Voláteis/análise , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/metabolismo , Terpenos/metabolismoRESUMO
AIM: To identify the clinical and psychosocial factors of a Colombian cohort of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and its relation to crisis control. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of patients over 14 years of age with a diagnosis of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, with 12 months of follow-up in an epilepsy program, where the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the survey for the assessment of relapse conditioners. A bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Clinical records between November 2014 and December 2016 where 145 patients with a diagnosis of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy who met the selection criteria were evaluated. The factors associated with crisis control were: health plan, accessibility, personal attitudes, history of consumption, drug resistance, and crisis number per month; of these, health plans, personal attitudes, and crisis number per month persist with statistical significance after the logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Psychosocial factors not only impact on crisis control, added to clinical factors explain 40% of crisis control in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and therefore affect their long-term prognosis.
TITLE: Factores clínicos y psicosociales asociados al control de crisis en pacientes con epilepsia mioclónica juvenil.Objetivo. Identificar los factores clínicos y psicosociales de una cohorte colombiana de pacientes con epilepsia mioclónica juvenil y su relación con el control de las crisis. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo de pacientes mayores de 14 años con diagnóstico de epilepsia mioclónica juvenil, con 12 meses de seguimiento en un programa de epilepsia, donde se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas y clínicas y la encuesta para la valoración de los condicionantes de recaída. Se realizó un análisis bivariado y multivariado mediante regresión logística binaria. Resultados. Registros de historias clínicas entre noviembre de 2014 y diciembre de 2016, donde se evaluó a 145 pacientes con diagnóstico de epilepsia mioclónica juvenil que cumplieron los criterios de selección. Los factores asociados al control de las crisis fueron: plan de salud, accesibilidad, actitudes personales, antecedente de consumo, farmacorresistencia y número mensual de crisis; de éstos, plan de salud, actitudes personales y número mensual de crisis persisten con significación estadística tras el análisis de regresión logística. Conclusión. Los factores psicosociales no sólo influyen en el control de las crisis sino que, sumados con algunos factores clínicos, podrían explicar el 40% del control de las crisis en los pacientes con epilepsia mioclónica juvenil y, por ende, influir en su pronóstico a largo plazo.
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Epilepsia Mioclônica Juvenil/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia Mioclônica Juvenil/psicologia , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Colômbia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIMS: Isolate and characterize a laccase-encoding gene (lac I) of Phlebia brevispora BAFC 633, as well as cloning and expressing cDNA of lac I in Pichia pastoris. And to obtain a purified and characterized recombinant laccase to analyse the biotechnological application potential. METHODS AND RESULTS: Lac I was cloned and sequenced, it contains 2447 pb obtained by PCR and long-distance inverse PCR. Upstream of the structural region of the laccase gene, response elements such as metals, antioxidants, copper, nitrogen and heat shock were found. The coding region consisted of a 1563-pb ORF encoding 521 amino acids. Lac I was functionally expressed in P. pastoris and it was shown that the gene cloned using the α-factor signal peptide was more efficient than the native signal sequence, in directing the secretion of the recombinant protein. Km and highest kcat /Km values towards ABTS, followed by 2,6-dimethylphenol, were similar to other laccases. Lac I showed tolerance to NaCl and solvents, and nine synthetic dyes could be degraded to different degrees. CONCLUSIONS: Lac I-encoding gene could be successfully sequenced having cis-acting elements located at the regulatory region. It was found that lac I cDNA expressed in P. pastoris using the α-factor signal peptide was more efficient than the native signal sequence. The purified Lac I exhibited high tolerance towards NaCl and various solvents and degraded some recalcitrant synthetic dyes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The cis-acting elements may be involved in the transcriptional regulation of laccase gene expression. These results may provide a further insight into potential ways of optimizing fermentation process and also open new frontiers for engineering strong promoters for laccase production. The Lac I stability in chloride and solvents and broad decolorization of synthetic dyes are important for its use in organic synthesis work and degradation of dyes from textile effluents respectively.
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Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Lacase/genética , Lignina/metabolismo , Polyporales/enzimologia , Clonagem Molecular , Estabilidade Enzimática , Proteínas Fúngicas/química , Proteínas Fúngicas/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Cinética , Lacase/química , Lacase/isolamento & purificação , Lacase/metabolismo , Pichia/genética , Pichia/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polyporales/química , Polyporales/genética , Sinais Direcionadores de Proteínas , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismoRESUMO
Leaf-cutting ants live in an obligate symbiosis with a Leucoagaricus species, a basidiomycete that serves as a food source to the larvae and queen. The aim of this work was to isolate, identify and complete the phylogenetic study of Leucoagaricus gongylophorus species of Acromyrmex pubescens. Macroscopic and microscopic features were used to identify the fungal symbiont of the ants. The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region was used as molecular marker for the molecular identification and to evaluate the phylogeny within the Leucoagaricus genus. One fungal symbiont associated with A. pubescens was isolated and identified as L. gongylophorus. The phylogeny of Leucoagaricus obtained using the ITS molecular marker revealed three well established monophyletic groups. It was possible to recognize one clade of Leucoagaricus associated with phylogenetically derived leaf-cutting ants (Acromyrmex and Atta). A second clade of free living forms of Leucoagaricus (non-cultivated), and a third clade of Leucoagaricus associated with phylogenetically basal genera of ants were also recognized. The clades corresponded to traditional taxonomic groups, and were differentiated by ecological habitats of different species.
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Background: Among males, osteoporosis is less common than in women, but can also be a health issue. Aim: To report the frequency and clinical manifestations of osteoporosis among males referred to perform a bone densitometry. Material and Methods: All densitometries performed during one year at a clinical institution were analyzed and those corresponding to males aged over 18 years were selected to review the clinical record of the patient. Osteoporosis was defined as a bone mineral density T score < -2.5 among males aged over 50 years or a Z score below -2.0 and a history of osteoporotic fracture among males aged less than 50 years. Results: Of 5792 densitometries performed, 439 (8 percent) corresponded to males aged more than 18 years. Among these 156 (82 percent aged more than 50 years) had an abnormal densitometry. Seventy patients had osteoporosis, (67 percent only by DXA) and the rest had an osteoporotic fracture. Mean age and body mass index of the latter was 62 +/- 15 years and 25.9+/- 3 kg/m2, respectively. Forty two percent had osteoporosis in the spine, 35 percent in the hip and 23 percent in both sites. Thirty six of the 70 patients with osteoporosis (51 percent) had a history of osteoporotic fracture in column, hip, wrist and other sites in 55, 11, 8 and 26 percent respectively. Seventy eight percent of these patients were aged more than 50 years. The most common causes of osteoporosis were idiopathic in21 percent, induced by glucocorticoids in 20 percent, associated with vitamin D deficiency in 16 percent and associated to chronic renal failure in 14 percent. Conclusions: One of six male referred for bone densitometry have osteoporosis, usually associated with other underlying diseases. In half of these patients, osteoporosisis severe.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Densidade Óssea , Densitometria/métodos , Osteoporose/diagnóstico , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Osteoporose/etiologiaRESUMO
We report a 59-year-old man with a history of hypertension, recurrent renal stones and a severe hypercalcemia of 14.9 mg/dl with a serum phosphorus of 2.4 mg/dl and a serum albumin of 3.6 g/dl. Physical examination showed a 4 cm left cervical nodule, consistent with the diagnosis of thyroid nodule. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were 844 pg/mL (normal 15-65 pg/ml) and a cervical ultrasound examination disclosed a solid nodule in the lower left lobe of 40 x 30 x 25 mm, adjacent to the thyroid parenchyma. Abdominal ultrasound revealed bilateral renal stones. Parathyroid scintigraphy showed a high uptake of the left lower parathyroid mass and a bone densitometry showed bone density t scores of -1.2 in the spine, -2.0 in the right femoral neck and -3.5 in the distal radius. A review of his medical record revealed the presence of hypercalcemia for at least 4 years. He was admitted for hydration and administration of 4 mg zoledronic acid iv. At 24 hours, serum calcium dropped to 11.0 mg/dl, and a left thyroid lobectomy was performed including the lower left parathyroid gland. The pathology report showed a 22.6 g parathyroid adenoma. Intraoperatory PTH descended > 50%, consistent with successful parathyroidectomy. At 7 days after surgery serum calcium was 8.8 mg/dl, phosphorus 2.1 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase 166 U/L, albumin 3.9 g/dL, PTH 230 pg/ml and 25-OH vitamin D 12.4 ng/ml. This finding was interpreted as secondary hyperparathyroidism due to vitamin D deficiency and "hungry bone", being less likely the presence of residual or metastatic parathyroid tissue. A cholecalciferol load was administered, with significant descent of PTH.
Assuntos
Adenoma/complicações , Hiperparatireoidismo Primário/etiologia , Neoplasias das Paratireoides/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , RecidivaRESUMO
We report a 59-year-old man with a history of hypertension, recurrent renal stones and a severe hypercalcemia of 14.9 mg/dl with a serum phosphorus of 2.4 mg/dl and a serum albumin of 3.6 g/dl. Physical examination showed a 4 cm left cervical nodule, consistent with the diagnosis of thyroid nodule. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were 844 pg/mL (normal 15-65 pg/ml) and a cervical ultrasound examination disclosed a solid nodule in the lower left lobe of 40 x 30 x 25 mm, adjacent to the thyroid parenchyma. Abdominal ultrasound revealed bilateral renal stones. Parathyroid scintigraphy showed a high uptake of the left lower parathyroid mass and a bone densitometry showed bone density t scores of -1.2 in the spine, -2.0 in the right femoral neck and -3.5 in the distal radius. A review of his medical record revealed the presence of hypercalcemia for at least 4 years. He was admitted for hydration and administration of 4 mg zoledronic acid iv. At 24 hours, serum calcium dropped to 11.0 mg/dl, and a left thyroid lobectomy was performed including the lower left parathyroid gland. The pathology report showed a 22.6 g parathyroid adenoma. Intraoperatory PTH descended > 50%, consistent with successful parathyroidectomy. At 7 days after surgery serum calcium was 8.8 mg/dl, phosphorus 2.1 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase 166 U/L, albumin 3.9 g/dL, PTH 230 pg/ml and 25-OH vitamin D 12.4 ng/ml. This finding was interpreted as secondary hyperparathyroidism due to vitamin D deficiency and “hungry bone”, being less likely the presence of residual or metastatic parathyroid tissue. A cholecalciferol load was administered, with significant descent of PTH.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adenoma/complicações , Hiperparatireoidismo Primário/etiologia , Neoplasias das Paratireoides/complicações , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , RecidivaRESUMO
Anesthesia awareness, or "unintended intra-operative awareness" occurs during general anesthesia, on the operating table, when a patient has not had enough general anesthetic or analgesic to prevent consciousness or waking up during surgery. According to international studies its global incidence ranges from 0.1 to 0.2%. Its impact on people can be as severe as other traumatic experiences such as natural disasters, violent fights or sexual abuse. The prevalence of symptoms compatible with post traumatic stress disorder can be as high as 50%, after experiencing the awareness phenomenon. This paper reviews the main issues of the awareness phenomenon.
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Anestesia Geral , Consciência no Peroperatório , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Humanos , Consciência no Peroperatório/diagnóstico , Consciência no Peroperatório/epidemiologia , Consciência no Peroperatório/psicologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Anesthesia awareness, or "unintended intra-operative awareness" occurs during general anesthesia, on the operating table, when a patient has not had enough general anesthetic or analgesic to prevent consciousness or waking up during surgery. According to international studies its global incidence ranges from 0.1 to 0.2 percent. Its impact on people can be as severe as other traumatic experiences such as natural disasters, violent fights or sexual abuse. The prevalence of symptoms compatible with post traumatic stress disorder can be as high as 50 percent, after experiencing the awareness phenomenon. This paper reviews the main issues of the awareness phenomenon.
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Humanos , Anestesia Geral , Consciência no Peroperatório , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Consciência no Peroperatório/diagnóstico , Consciência no Peroperatório/epidemiologia , Consciência no Peroperatório/psicologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
El programa FIT trabajó en temas de investigación-acción en estrecha coordinación con los proyectos del SIBTA, involucrando en sus labores a ls fundaciones (FDTA) a centros de investigación nacioanales e internacionales, a universidades y a pequeños productores agropecuarios.La sistematización del programa FIT incluye tres productos 1) una publicación detallada sobre el programa y sus resultados 2) un documento análitico, vinculado a temas de innovación agropecuaria y rural en los sectores de la agricultura campesina y de producción en pequeña escala y; CD interactivo que contiene información sobre metodologías, docuemntos de referencia y consulta, sistematizados por los distiniota equipos de investigación que participaron del programa
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Mudança Social , CriatividadeRESUMO
A review is presented on carotid body ATP content, effects and release, receptors involved and results of their block by purinergic antagonists, and the possibility of cholinergic-purinergic co-transmission in the carotid body. Glomus cells release ACh and ATP upon physiological stimulation. Both agents and their agonists have chemo-excitatory actions and their combined effects disappear upon blocking n-ACh and P2X receptors. Both ACh and ATP also are capable of exciting the somata of chemosensory neurons of petrosal ganglia. Although a combined cholinergic-purinergic block suppresses the chemosensory activity in neurons co-cultured with glomus cells and some carotid body preparations in vitro, basal chemosensory activity and chemosensory responses to hypoxic stimuli persist in cat carotid body preparations in situ and in vitro. Therefore, ATP is an effective excitatory agent for carotid body chemosensory activity, although less potent than ACh; their joint participation may contribute to -- but does not entirely explain -- the transfer of chemoreceptor excitation from glomus cells to sensory endings in carotid body.
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Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Corpo Carotídeo/fisiologia , Células Quimiorreceptoras/metabolismo , Mecanotransdução Celular/fisiologia , Neurotransmissores/metabolismo , Acetilcolina/metabolismo , Animais , Artérias/inervação , Humanos , Receptores Purinérgicos P2/metabolismoRESUMO
Acetylcholine (ACh) and ATP have been proposed as excitatory co-transmitters operating at synapses between glomus cells and sensory nerve endings of the carotid body (CB). To test such hypothesis, we performed experiments on cats under pentobarbitone anesthesia and breathing spontaneously. Cholinergic and purinergic agonists and antagonists were given into one common carotid artery. Chemoreflex ventilatory changes initiated from the ipsilateral CB or chemosensory activity from the ipsilateral carotid nerve were recorded. Agonists ACh, nicotine, epibatidine, ATP, betagamma-methylene-ATP and gammaS-ATP induced transient chemoreflex enhancements of ventilation or increased chemosensory activity. When given in combination, mecamylamine and suramin suppressed both nicotine- and ATP-induced ventilatory chemoreflexes or chemosensory responses. However, neither chemoreflex hyperventilation induced by brief hypoxic exposures or steady-state hypoxic levels, nor chemosensory excitation elicited by these maneuvers were eliminated. Asphyxia-induced chemosensory excitation was not reduced by combined blockade of ACh and ATP receptors. Furthermore, ventilatory or chemosensory depression evoked by 100% O2 tests was unmodified, thus evidencing that basal chemosensory drive in normoxia was not suppressed by combined cholinergic-purinergic blockade. Therefore, although ACh and ATP may participate in chemoexcitation of the CB, their involvement fails to explain the origin of chemosensory discharges from synaptic transmission between glomus cells and chemosensory nerve endings of the CB.
Assuntos
Potenciais de Ação/efeitos dos fármacos , Corpo Carotídeo/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Quimiorreceptoras/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibras Colinérgicas/fisiologia , Ventilação Pulmonar/efeitos dos fármacos , Reflexo/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetilcolina/fisiologia , Potenciais de Ação/fisiologia , Trifosfato de Adenosina/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Corpo Carotídeo/fisiologia , Gatos , Células Quimiorreceptoras/fisiologia , Fibras Colinérgicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Mecamilamina/farmacologia , Nicotina/farmacologia , Antagonistas Nicotínicos/farmacologia , Ventilação Pulmonar/fisiologia , Receptores Colinérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Colinérgicos/fisiologia , Receptores Purinérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Purinérgicos/fisiologia , Reflexo/fisiologia , Suramina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Since acetylcholine (ACh) and ATP have been proposed as excitatory co-transmitters at synapses between glomus cells and sensory nerve endings of the carotid body (CB), we tested such hypothesis by studying the effects of combined cholinergic-purinergic block on the chemosensory activity recorded from cat's carotid bodies perfused and/or superfused in vitro. The preparations were bathed with Tyrode's solution, either normoxic (PO2=98.5+/-13.5 Torr) or hypoxic (PO2=31.8+/-5.2 Torr), and the frequency of chemosensory impulses (fchi) was recorded from the carotid (sinus) nerve. Dose-response curves for fchi increases evoked by intra-stream boluses of acetylcholine, nicotine and ATP were studied. A combination of mecamylamine 2 microM and suramin 50 microM, applied through the perfusate or superfusate, suppressed nicotine- and ATP-induced increases in fchi, but the basal chemosensory activity in normoxia and the chemosensory excitation elicited by hypoxic superfusion were preserved, although variably reduced in most preparations. Thus, in spite of the excitatory effects provoked by applying ACh and ATP to the perfused/superfused CB in vitro, a co-release of these substances cannot account entirely for the chemosensory excitation induced by hypoxic stimulation of the CB.
Assuntos
Corpo Carotídeo/fisiologia , Células Quimiorreceptoras/fisiologia , Fibras Colinérgicas/fisiologia , Receptores Colinérgicos/fisiologia , Receptores Purinérgicos/fisiologia , Acetilcolina/fisiologia , Potenciais de Ação/efeitos dos fármacos , Potenciais de Ação/fisiologia , Trifosfato de Adenosina/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Corpo Carotídeo/efeitos dos fármacos , Gatos , Células Quimiorreceptoras/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibras Colinérgicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Técnicas In Vitro , Mecamilamina/farmacologia , Nicotina/farmacologia , Antagonistas Nicotínicos/farmacologia , Receptores Colinérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Purinérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Suramina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Background: Cat-scratch disease is common among children. Among adults the disease is less often considered in the differential diagnosis of enlarged lymph nodes and fever. Aim: To report the clinical and laboratory features of eight patients with cat-scratch disease. Material and methods: Review of the medical records of eight patients (aged 22 to 57 years, six males) with a serological diagnosis of cat-scratch disease (an IgG titer over 1:256, by immunofluorescence). Results: Only five patients recalled having had contact with cats. Seven had fever and weight loss. Six had excessive sweating and five had chills. Seven had painfully enlarged lymph nodes mainly in submandibular and axillary regions. All had an increased C reactive protein and six had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Five had leukocytosis and four an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase. The disease subsided in all, even in one patient that did not receive antimicrobials. Conclusions: Cat-scratch disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adult patients with lymph adenitis and fever.
Assuntos
Adulto , Animais , Gatos , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bartonella henselae , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/diagnóstico , Febre/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Azitromicina/uso terapêutico , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/sangue , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/tratamento farmacológico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Linfonodos/patologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Se presenta la experiencia de 18 pacientes sometidas a cirugía laparoscópica por DIU intraabdominal, en las cuales el diagnóstico se realizó por ecotomografía transvaginal y radiografía de pelvis. En todos los casos su extracción se realizó sin complicaciones ni conversión a laparotomía. Se discute el cuadro clínico, diagnóstico, tratamiento y eventuales complicaciones.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dispositivos Intrauterinos/efeitos adversos , Laparoscopia , Migração de Corpo Estranho/cirurgia , Perfuração Uterina/cirurgia , Pelve , Perfuração Uterina/diagnóstico , Perfuração Uterina/etiologia , Remoção de Dispositivo/métodos , VaginaRESUMO
The petrosal ganglia contain the somata of the sensory fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerves, innervating structures of the tongue, pharynx, carotid sinus and carotid body. Petrosal ganglia were excised from adult cats and their neurons were dissociated and kept in tissue culture for 7-12 days. Intracellular recordings were obtained through conventional microelectrodes. In response to depolarizing pulses, most cells (41/60) presented a 'hump' in the falling phase of their action potentials (H-type), while the remaining neurons lack such hump (F-type). The two types of cells had no differences in resting membrane potential or action potential amplitude. Acetylcholine (ACh) applied locally elicited responses in nearly two thirds of both H-type and F-type neurons tested. Most H-type neurons (17/19) responded with a slow long lasting depolarization, while the remaining (2) did so by generating spikes. In contrast, half of F-type neurons (6/12) responded with one or more spikes and the other half only with a slow depolarization. These results indicate that ACh receptors are present in the soma of many petrosal ganglion neurons subjected to tissue culture, thus supporting the idea that - under normal conditions - their peripheral sensory processes may be excited by ACh.
Assuntos
Acetilcolina/farmacologia , Potenciais de Ação/efeitos dos fármacos , Nervo Glossofaríngeo/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios Aferentes/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasodilatadores/farmacologia , Potenciais de Ação/fisiologia , Animais , Gatos , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Nervo Glossofaríngeo/fisiologia , Masculino , Neurônios Aferentes/fisiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Electric burns represent a small, although severe, fraction of all accidental burns. The purpose of this work is to present three children accidentally burned while flying a kite. CASE PRESENTATION: Two boys aged 9 and 10 years, and a 10-year-old girl, were injured when they tried to rescue a kite enmeshed with high voltage public electric wires. Two of the children suffered additional trauma after falling. Transitory right bundle block developed in one patient; multiple amputations and autologous skin transplantation were performed in another patient and renal insufficiency was not documented in any patient. After 5 to 34 days of hospitalization, all patients were discharged in good health. CONCLUSIONS: A preventive program should be developed to diminish the number of kite-flying-related electric burns, and their invalidating sequels.