RESUMO
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), on aortic hyporeactivity to Phenylephrine (Phe) and nitric oxide bioavailability associated with pregnancy in hypertensive rats. MAIN METHODS: The intact aortic rings of pregnant and non-pregnant Wistar or spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were stimulated with Phe (1nmol/L to 10mmol/L) before and after incubation with Wortmannin (10nmol/L, 30min). Western blot experiments analyzed the expression of phosphorylated PI3K [p85-PI3K], Akt [p-Akt (Ser 473)] and eNOS [p-eNOS (Ser 1177)] in aorta homogenates of pregnant and non-pregnant Wistar rats or SHRs. The effect of Wortmannin (10nmol/L) on the cytosolic concentrations of nitric oxide (NO; measured using 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate [DAF-2DA], 10mmol/L), Ca(2+) (using Fluo 3-AM, 5µmol/L) and reactive oxygen species (ROS; using dihydroethidium [DHE], 2.5mmol/L) were measured fluorimetrically in freshly isolated endothelial cells. KEY FINDINGS: Wortmannin increases the reactivity of the aorta to Phe and decreases NO concentrations in the aortic endothelial cells of pregnant Wistar rats and SHR. SIGNIFICANCE: The PI3/AKT/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway contributes to aortic hyporeactivity to Phenylephrine associated with pregnancy in normo- and hypertensive rats.
Assuntos
Aorta/fisiopatologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/metabolismo , Fenilefrina/farmacologia , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Vasoconstritores/farmacologia , Androstadienos/farmacologia , Animais , Aorta/efeitos dos fármacos , Aorta/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Gravidez , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Wistar , WortmaninaRESUMO
The elderly population in Brazil has been growing apace, and this demographic transition has increasingly led to a situation where the elderly are dependent upon their relatives. However, the development of a training program could contribute to an improvement in the services provided by these caregivers, enhancing quality of life for the elderly. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a Training Program for Informal Caregivers on the quality of life of elderly people with a deficit in self-care. Home visits were initially made to 15 elderly patients and the SF-36 questionnaire was applied. A multi-professional training program for the caregivers of these elderly people was then developed. The SF-36 questionnaire was again applied after 2 months of the training program to verify its effectiveness on the quality of life of the elderly people. On average a significant increase of scores related to "mental health" and a significant decrease in "limitations of physical aspects" was detected. The training of informal groups of caregivers by professionals from the healthcare area should be encouraged in order to promote awareness, exchange experiences and discuss the best inherent strategies for care.
Assuntos
Atividades Cotidianas , Cuidadores/educação , Qualidade de Vida , Autocuidado , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The elderly population in Brazil has been growing apace, and this demographic transition has increasingly led to a situation where the elderly are dependent upon their relatives. However, the development of a training program could contribute to an improvement in the services provided by these caregivers, enhancing quality of life for the elderly. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a Training Program for Informal Caregivers on the quality of life of elderly people with a deficit in self-care. Home visits were initially made to 15 elderly patients and the SF-36 questionnaire was applied. A multi-professional training program for the caregivers of these elderly people was then developed. The SF-36 questionnaire was again applied after 2 months of the training program to verify its effectiveness on the quality of life of the elderly people. On average a significant increase of scores related to "mental health" and a significant decrease in "limitations of physical aspects" was detected. The training of informal groups of caregivers by professionals from the healthcare area should be encouraged in order to promote awareness, exchange experiences and discuss the best inherent strategies for care.
A proporção de idosos no Brasil vem crescendo consideravelmente e essa transição demográfica traz um quadro em que cada vez mais a sobrevivência deles fica dependente de seus familiares. Para aprimorar a qualidade de vida desse grupo há a proposta da elaboração de um programa de capacitação que contribua para melhorar os serviços prestados a estes indivíduos. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar um Programa de Capacitação para Cuidadores Informais na qualidade de vida de idosos. Foram realizadas visitas às residências de 15 idosos com déficit de autocuidado, onde foi aplicado o questionário SF-36. Em seguida realizou-se um programa multiprofissional de capacitação para seus cuidadores. Após 2 meses aplicou-se novamente o questionário para verificar a eficácia do programa de capacitação na qualidade de vida dos idosos. Houve um aumento significativo dos escores relacionados ao domínio "saúde mental" e uma diminuição significativa dos relacionados às "limitações por aspectos físicos". A partir dos dados obtidos concluiu-se que deve ser incentivada a formação de grupos de cuidadores informais, conduzidos por profissionais da área de saúde, para fomentar o conhecimento, a troca de experiências e a discussão sobre estratégias para melhorar o ato de cuidar.