RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Anisakis simplex antigens present immunomodulatory properties by the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) in mice. OBJECTIVES: To study the capacity of DCs stimulated with A. simplex excretory-secretory (ES) or crude extract (CE) to generate Tregs. To investigate in vitro effects of antigens on the metabolic activity of splenocytes induced by LPS or CpG. METHODS: Phenotypic and functional characterization of T cells co-cultured with A. simplex-pulsed DCs was performed by flow cytometry. Lymphocyte mitochondrial respiratory activity was estimated by the Alamar Blue® Assay. FINDINGS: In C57BL/6J, CD4+CD25-Foxp3+ and CD8+CD25-Foxp3+ populations increased by CE-stimulated-DCs. In BALB/c, CE-stimulated-DCs caused the expansion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+IL-10+ and CD8+CD25+Foxp3+IL-10+. IFN-γ expression raised in BALB/c CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25- for CE and ES, respectively. ES-stimulated-DCs increased CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ and CD8+CD25- Foxp3+ expression in T cells. The association of ES or CE with LPS produced the increase in splenocyte activity in C57BL/6J. The association of CE with CpG decreased the proliferation caused by CpG in C57BL/6J. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: A. simplex increase the frequency of Tregs, which in turn produce IL-10 and IFN-γ. The host genetic base is essential in the development of anti-Anisakis immune responses (Th2, Th1, Treg).
Assuntos
Anisakis , Antígenos , Linfócitos T Reguladores , Animais , Antígenos/metabolismo , Medula Óssea , Células Dendríticas , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-2 , Larva , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
BACKGROUND Anisakis simplex antigens present immunomodulatory properties by the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) in mice. OBJECTIVES To study the capacity of DCs stimulated with A. simplex excretory-secretory (ES) or crude extract (CE) to generate Tregs. To investigate in vitro effects of antigens on the metabolic activity of splenocytes induced by LPS or CpG. METHODS Phenotypic and functional characterization of T cells co-cultured with A. simplex-pulsed DCs was performed by flow cytometry. Lymphocyte mitochondrial respiratory activity was estimated by the Alamar Blue® Assay. FINDINGS In C57BL/6J, CD4+CD25-Foxp3+ and CD8+CD25-Foxp3+ populations increased by CE-stimulated-DCs. In BALB/c, CE-stimulated-DCs caused the expansion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+IL-10+ and CD8+CD25+Foxp3+IL-10+. IFN-γ expression raised in BALB/c CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25- for CE and ES, respectively. ES-stimulated-DCs increased CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ and CD8+CD25- Foxp3+ expression in T cells. The association of ES or CE with LPS produced the increase in splenocyte activity in C57BL/6J. The association of CE with CpG decreased the proliferation caused by CpG in C57BL/6J. MAIN CONCLUSIONS A. simplex increase the frequency of Tregs, which in turn produce IL-10 and IFN-γ. The host genetic base is essential in the development of anti-Anisakis immune responses (Th2, Th1, Treg).
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Anisakis , Linfócitos T Reguladores , Antígenos/metabolismo , Medula Óssea , Células Dendríticas , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-2 , Larva , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The association between diabetes, hearing loss and depression is unknown, and needs to be understood clearly and precisely. Our objective was to estimate the association between depression and hearing loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Cross-sectional analytical study. Patients of 40 years or older with type 2 diabetes were studied. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters were recorded. The Beck Depression Inventory and a pure tone audiometry were applied. Groups were compared with chi squared test and logistic regression for confounders. RESULTS: 150 patients were included (76 % women). Average age was 56 ± 9.3 years, with 12.4 ± 6.5 years of progression of diabetes, weight 67.4 ± 11.6 kg; 31 % were obese; 25.5 % hypertensive (126.3 ± 19.3 / 79.4 ± 19.7 mm Hg) and 80.7 % had poor metabolic control (HbA1c ≥ 7 %). Of all the patients, 45.3 % presented hearing loss and 32.4 % depression. Diagnosis of depression in patients with hearing loss remained significant after adjusting for confounders (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3; 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.051-5.333, p = 0.037). Women had greater risk of depression, difference that remained significant (OR = 3.2; 95 % CI = 1.268-8.584, p = 0.014) after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of the patients with diabetes presented hearing loss and more than three times the risk of depression. Subjects with depression and diabetes presented more hearing loss (> 20 dB) than those without diabetes and/or without depression.
Introducción: se desconoce y es necesario entender con mayor claridad y precisión cuál es la asociación entre la diabetes, la hipoacusia y la depresión. Nuestro objetivo fue estimar la asociación entre depresión e hipoacusia en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 (DT2). Métodos: estudio transversal analítico. Se estudiaron pacientes con DT2 mayores de 40 años. Se registraron medidas antropométricas y parámetros bioquímicos. Se aplicó el cuestionario de depresión de Beck y un estudio audiológico tonal. Se compararon los grupos con chi cuadrada y regresión logística. Resultados: se incluyeron 150 pacientes (76 % mujeres). El promedio de edad fue de 56 ± 9.3 años, con 12.4 ± 6.5 años de evolución de diabetes, con peso de 67.4 ± 11.6kg; fueron obesos el 31 %; 25.5 % hipertensos (126.3 ± 19.3/79.4 ± 19.7 mm Hg) y el 80.7 % presentó descontrol metabólico (HbA1c ≥ 7 %). El 45.3 % presentó hipoacusia y el 32.4 % depresión. El diagnóstico de depresión en pacientes con hipoacusia permaneció significativo después de ajustar para conseguir confusores (razón de momios [RM] = 2.3; intervalo de confianza [IC] al 95 % 1.051-5.333, p = 0.037). Las mujeres tuvieron mayor riesgo de padecer depresión, diferencia que permaneció significativa al ajustarse (RM = 3.2; IC 95 % 1.268-8.584, p = 0.014). Conclusiones: casi la mitad de los pacientes con diabetes presentaron hipoacusia y más de tres veces el riesgo de depresión. Los sujetos con depresión y diabetes mostraron mayor hipoacusia (> 20 dB) que aquellos sin diabetes o sin depresión.
Assuntos
Depressão/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Perda Auditiva/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicologia , Feminino , Perda Auditiva/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Se destaca la importancia de los beneficios que recibe el recien nacido por permanecer en intimo contacto fisico y emocional con su madre desde minutos despues de su nacimiento, hasta su alta hospitalaria. Aunque esta practica no representa ninguna innovacion, ha cobrado importancia en la medicina perinatal moderna, por loque pretendiendo avalar tales beneficios, se realizo el presente estudio en el que se incluyeron 200 recien nacidos sanos cuyo nacimiento tuvo lugar en el area tocoquirurgica de nuestro hospital; 100 de ellos fueron asistidos en el cunero normal hasta su alta y los otros 100, en cunas al lado de sus madres, a las que se proporciono orientacion audiovisual sobre cuidados generales del recien nacido, principios higienicos y tecnica de amamantamiento. Los resultados muestran que se favorecio significativamente la lactancia al pecho materno; tambien mejoro el cuidado del neonato por sus madres, eliminando algunos tabues y costumbres negativas para la salud del nino. El programa fue entusiastamente aceptado por las madres y agilizo el trabajo de la enfermera en esta area.No se pudo comprobar disminucion de las infecciones intercurrentes o domiciliares posthospitalizacion del periodo neonatal en este estudio