RESUMO
Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss. is herbaceous, monecious annual plant used traditionally to cure gastrointestinal disorders. The present study was carried out to find the bioactive compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential acute toxicity, and emetic activity present in the ethyl acetate fraction of Chrozophora tinctoria (EAFCT) and dichloromethane fraction of Chrozophora tinctoria (DCMFCT). The compounds detected in both fractions were mostly fatty acids, with about seven compounds in EAFCT and 10 in DCMFCT. These included pharmacologically active compounds such as imipramine, used to treat depression, or hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, an antioxidant, nematicide, pesticide, hypocholesterolemic, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- is used as a cancer preventive, antiarthritic, antihistaminic, hepatoprotective, insectifuge, nematicide, Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester have antifungal, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, 10-Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester have the property to decrease blood cholesterol, Antioxidant and antimicrobial, 1-Eicosanol is used as an antibacterial, 1-Hexadecene has antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal activities. Both DCMFCT and EAFCT fractions inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity with IC50 values of 10 µg and 130 µg, respectively. Both the fractions were found to be toxic in a dose-dependent manner, inducing emesis at 0.5g onward and lethargy and mortality from 35 g upwards. Both the fractions combined with distilled water showed highly emetic activity. The significant increase in the number of vomits was shown by EAFCT plus distilled water which are 7.50±1.29, 7.25±3.10, and 11.75±2.22 number of vomits at 1g, 2g, and 3g/kg concentration respectively, while DCMFCT plus distilled water showed 5.25±2.22, 7.50±2.52 and 10.25±2.22 number of vomits at 1g, 2, and 3g/kg correspondingly. The antiemetic standard drug metoclopramide has a higher impact against the emesis induced by both the fractions than dimenhydrinate. Metoclopramide decreases the number of vomits caused by EAFCT to 1.00±0.00, 2.00±0.00, 4.00±1.00 at 1g, 2, and 3g/kg sequentially, while dimenhydrinate decreases the number of vomits to 1.33±0.58, 2.33±1.15, 4.33±0.58 at 1g, 2, and 3g respectively. In the same way, Metochloprimide decreases the number of emesis caused by DcmCt from 5.25±2.22, 7.50±2.52, 10.25±2.22 to 1.33±0.58, 2.33±1.1, 4.33±0.58 at 1g, 2, and 3g/kg concentrations. The present study is the first documented report that scientifically validates the folkloric use of Chrozophora tinctoria as an emetic agent.
Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss. é uma planta anual herbácea, monoica, usada tradicionalmente para curar distúrbios gastrointestinais. O presente estudo foi realizado para encontrar os compostos bioativos por Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massa (GC-MS), a toxicidade aguda do potencial inibitório da acetilcolinesterase e a atividade emética presente na fração acetato de etila de Chrozophora tinctoria (EAFCT) e fração diclorometano de Chrozophora tinctoria (DCMFCT). Os compostos detectados em ambas as frações foram principalmente ácidos graxos, com cerca de sete compostos em EAFCT e 10 em DCMFCT. Estes incluíam compostos farmacologicamente ativos, como a imipramina, usada para tratar a depressão, ou éster metílico do ácido hexadecanoico, um antioxidante, nematicida, pesticida, hipocolesterolêmico, ácido 9,12,15-octadecatrienoico, éster etílico, (Z,Z,Z)- é usado como preventivo do câncer, antiartrítico, anti-histamínico, hepatoprotetor, inseticida, nematicida, ácido pentadecanoico, 14-metil-, éster metílico tem atividades antifúngicas, antimicrobianas e antioxidantes, ácido 10-octadecanoico, éster metílico tem a propriedade de diminuir o colesterol no sangue, antioxidante e antimicrobiano, o 1-Eicosanol é usado como antibacteriano, o 1-Hexadeceno possui atividades antibacteriana, antioxidante e antifúngica. Ambas as frações DCMFCT e EAFCT inibiram a atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) com valores de IC50 de 10µg e 130µg, respectivamente. Ambas as frações foram consideradas tóxicas de maneira dose-dependente, induzindo vômitos a partir de 0,5g e letargia e mortalidade de 3g a 5g para cima. Ambas as frações combinadas com água destilada apresentaram atividade altamente emética. O aumento significativo no número de vômitos foi demonstrado pelo EAFCT mais água destilada, que são 7,50±1,29, 7,25±3,10 e 11,75±2,22 número de vômitos nas concentrações de 1g, 2g e 3g/kg, respectivamente, enquanto DCMFCT mais água destilada mostrou 5,25±2,22, 7,50±2,52 e 10,25±2,22 número de vômitos em 1g, 2g e 3g/kg, respectivamente. A droga padrão antiemética metoclopramida tem um impacto maior contra a emese induzida por ambas as frações do que o dimenidrinato. A metoclopramida diminui o número de vômitos causados ââpor EAFCT para 1,00±0,00, 2,00±0,00, 4,00±1,00 a 1g, 2g e 3g/kg, sequencialmente, enquanto o dimenidrinato diminui o número de vômitos para 1,33±0,58, 2,33±1,15, 4,33± 0,58 a 1g, 2g e 3g, respectivamente. Da mesma forma, a metocloprimida diminui o número de vômitos causados ââpor DcmCt de 5,25±2,22, 7,50±2,52, 10,25±2,22 para 1,33±0,58, 2,33±1,1, 4,33±0,58 nas concentrações de 1g, 2g e 3g/kg. O presente estudo é o primeiro relato documentado que valida cientificamente o uso folclórico de Chrozophora tinctoria como agente emético.
Assuntos
Plantas Medicinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Antieméticos , AntinematódeosRESUMO
Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss. is herbaceous, monecious annual plant used traditionally to cure gastrointestinal disorders. The present study was carried out to find the bioactive compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential acute toxicity, and emetic activity present in the ethyl acetate fraction of Chrozophora tinctoria (EAFCT) and dichloromethane fraction of Chrozophora tinctoria (DCMFCT). The compounds detected in both fractions were mostly fatty acids, with about seven compounds in EAFCT and 10 in DCMFCT. These included pharmacologically active compounds such as imipramine, used to treat depression, or hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, an antioxidant, nematicide, pesticide, hypocholesterolemic, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- is used as a cancer preventive, antiarthritic, antihistaminic, hepatoprotective, insectifuge, nematicide, Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester have antifungal, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, 10-Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester have the property to decrease blood cholesterol, Antioxidant and antimicrobial, 1-Eicosanol is used as an antibacterial, 1-Hexadecene has antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal activities. Both DCMFCT and EAFCT fractions inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity with IC50 values of 10 µg and 130 µg, respectively. Both the fractions were found to be toxic in a dose-dependent manner, inducing emesis at 0.5g onward and lethargy and mortality from 3-5 g upwards. Both the fractions combined with distilled water showed highly emetic activity. The significant increase in the number of vomits was shown by EAFCT plus distilled water which are 7.50±1.29, 7.25±3.10, and 11.75±2.22 number of vomits at 1g, 2g, and 3g/kg concentration respectively, while DCMFCT plus distilled water showed 5.25±2.22, 7.50±2.52 and 10.25±2.22 number of vomits at 1g, 2, and 3g/kg correspondingly. The antiemetic standard drug metoclopramide has a higher impact against the emesis induced by both the fractions than dimenhydrinate. Metoclopramide decreases the number of vomits caused by EAFCT to 1.00±0.00, 2.00±0.00, 4.00±1.00 at 1g, 2, and 3g/kg sequentially, while dimenhydrinate decreases the number of vomits to 1.33±0.58, 2.33±1.15, 4.33±0.58 at 1g, 2, and 3g respectively. In the same way, Metochloprimide decreases the number of emesis caused by DcmCt from 5.25±2.22, 7.50±2.52, 10.25±2.22 to 1.33±0.58, 2.33±1.1, 4.33±0.58 at 1g, 2, and 3g/kg concentrations. The present study is the first documented report that scientifically validates the folkloric use of Chrozophora tinctoria as an emetic agent.