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BACKGROUND: Influenza vaccination (IV) and Pneumococcus vaccination (PV) are recommended for patients with cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the immunization rate of ambulatory cardiometabolic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Americas. METHODS: Electronic surveys were collected from 13 Spanish speaking countries between 15 June and 15 July 2020. RESULTS: 4216 patients were analyzed. Mean age 60 (±15) years and 49% females. Global IV rate was 46.5% and PV 24.6%. Vaccinated patients were older (IV = 63 vs. 58 years; PV = 68 vs. 59, p < 0.01) but without gender difference. Vaccination rates were greater in higher-risk groups (65+, diabetics, heart failure), but not in coronary artery disease patients. In the Southern cone, the rate of IV and PV was approximately double that in the tropical regions of the Americas. In a multivariate model, geographic zone (IV = OR 2.02, PV = OR 2.42, p < 0.001), age (IV = OR 1.023, PV = OR 1.035, p < 0.001), and incomes (IV = OR 1.28, PV = OR 1.58, p < 0.001) were predictors for vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, ambulatory patients with cardiometabolic diseases from the Americas with no evidence of COVID-19 infection had lower-than-expected rates of IV and PV. Geographic, social, and cultural differences were found, and they should be explored in depth.
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BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic's mental health consequences remain unknown. AIM: To assess the mental health status of ambulatory cardiometabolic patients during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Spanish speaking Latin American countries. METHODS: Cardiometabolic patients without COVID-19 evidence in 13 Latin American countries answered a survey between June 15th and July 15th, 2020. The Diagnosis Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition was used to identify the presence of major depressive symptoms. RESULTS: The sample included 4216 patients, 1590 (37.71%; IC95% 36.24-39.19) were considered suffering major depression. Female gender, consuming ≥5 medications day, physical activity <100 minutes weekly, low fruits and vegetables intake, poor treatment adherence, reduced food consumption were independently associated to the presence of major depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The CorCOVID Latam Psy study showed that one-third of the Latin American Spanish speaking population is suffering from major depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/psicologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Diabetes Mellitus/psicologia , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Dislipidemias/psicologia , Ingestão de Alimentos , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Feminino , Frutas , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/psicologia , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/psicologia , América Latina/epidemiologia , Masculino , Saúde Mental , Síndrome Metabólica/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , SARS-CoV-2 , Fatores Sexuais , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento/psicologia , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricos , VerdurasRESUMO
Embryonal tumors are the new nomenclature of the primitive neuroectodermal tumors or PNET. Their supratentorial location and their manifestation in adult population are not very frequent. Embryonal tumors are conformed from undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells that have the ability to show differentiation to several cell lines. Next is presented a case from an adult male patient with a clinical headache pictures and convulsions. With imaging study that shows a meningeal enhancement with frontal lobe infiltration with histopathological study of embryonic tumor with areas of glial differentiation.
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Abdominal angiostrongyliasis is a parasitic zoonosis, endemic in the American continent. Its etiological agent is Angiostrongylus costaricensis, a nematode whose definitive hosts are rats and other rodents and the intermediate hosts, slugs. Mammals acquire the infection by consuming vegetables contaminated with L3 larvae. The disease shows a heterogeneous clinical spectrum and given its low incidence its diagnosis is a great challenge. In Colombia, the first case was reported in 1979 and until 1998, only five additional cases have been reported. However, in the last two decades, no new cases were reported. Here we discuss two cases of children from Huila and Caquetá departments who developed the disease. Both cases required long in-patient care and multiple surgical interventions. The diagnosis was achieved by histopathological observation of parasitic elements inside the mesenteric arteries. One of the children died while the other fully recovered. We discuss the epidemiology, pathogenic cycle, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention strategies of this disease paying particular attention to our patients' features and the Colombian context.
La angiostrongiloidiasis abdominal es una zoonosis parasitaria endémica en el continente americano. Su agente etiológico es el nematodo Angiostrongylus costaricensis, cuyos huéspedes definitivos son los roedores y, los intermediarios, los caracoles y las babosas, por lo que se adquiere al consumir vegetales contaminados con larvas en estadio 3. La presentación clínica es muy variada y, dada su rareza, su diagnóstico es un desafío. En Colombia el primer caso se reportó en 1979 y, desde entonces hasta 1998, se han informado cinco casos más, aunque en las últimas dos décadas no se había reportado ningún caso. Se describen aquí dos casos de angiostrongiloidiasis en niños provenientes de los departamentos de Huila y Caquetá que requirieron una larga hospitalización y múltiples intervenciones quirúrgicas. El diagnóstico se logró al observar en los especímenes quirúrgicos larvas and huevos cuya morfología sugería una infección por nematodos; uno de los pacientes murió y el otro se recuperó satisfactoriamente. Se discuten la epidemiología, la patogenia, la presentación clínica, el diagnóstico y las estrategias de prevención de esta parasitosis, con énfasis en las características particulares de los casos descritos y en el contexto colombiano.
Assuntos
Angiostrongylus/isolamento & purificação , Enteropatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Infecções por Strongylida/diagnóstico , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Angiostrongylus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Angiostrongylus/fisiologia , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Apendicite/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Burkitt/diagnóstico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Erros de Diagnóstico , Síndrome de Down/complicações , Eosinofilia/etiologia , Evolução Fatal , Hepatomegalia/etiologia , Humanos , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/patologia , Larva , Masculino , Estações do Ano , Infecções por Strongylida/epidemiologia , Infecções por Strongylida/parasitologia , Infecções por Strongylida/patologia , ZoonosesRESUMO
Quantum tomography has become a key tool for the assessment of quantum states, processes, and devices. This drives the search for tomographic methods that achieve greater accuracy. In the case of mixed states of a single 2-dimensional quantum system adaptive methods have been recently introduced that achieve the theoretical accuracy limit deduced by Hayashi and Gill and Massar. However, accurate estimation of higher-dimensional quantum states remains poorly understood. This is mainly due to the existence of incompatible observables, which makes multiparameter estimation difficult. Here we present an adaptive tomographic method and show through numerical simulations that, after a few iterations, it is asymptotically approaching the fundamental Gill-Massar lower bound for the estimation accuracy of pure quantum states in high dimension. The method is based on a combination of stochastic optimization on the field of the complex numbers and statistical inference, exceeds the accuracy of any mixed-state tomographic method, and can be demonstrated with current experimental capabilities. The proposed method may lead to new developments in quantum metrology.
RESUMO
Abdominal angiostrongyliasis is a parasitic zoonosis, endemic in the American continent. Its etiological agent is Angiostrongylus costaricensis, a nematode whose definitive hosts are rats and other rodents and the intermediate hosts, slugs. Mammals acquire the infection by consuming vegetables contaminated with L3 larvae. The disease shows a heterogeneous clinical spectrum and given its low incidence its diagnosis is a great challenge. In Colombia, the first case was reported in 1979 and until 1998, only five additional cases have been reported. However, in the last two decades, no new cases were reported. Here we discuss two cases of children from Huila and Caquetá departments who developed the disease. Both cases required long in-patient care and multiple surgical interventions. The diagnosis was achieved by histopathological observation of parasitic elements inside the mesenteric arteries. One of the children died while the other fully recovered. We discuss the epidemiology, pathogenic cycle, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention strategies of this disease paying particular attention to our patients' features and the Colombian context.
La angiostrongiloidiasis abdominal es una zoonosis parasitaria endémica en el continente americano. Su agente etiológico es el nematodo Angiostrongylus costaricensis, cuyos huéspedes definitivos son los roedores y, los intermediarios, los caracoles y las babosas, por lo que se adquiere al consumir vegetales contaminados con larvas en estadio 3. La presentación clínica es muy variada y, dada su rareza, su diagnóstico es un desafío. En Colombia el primer caso se reportó en 1979 y, desde entonces hasta 1998, se han informado cinco casos más, aunque en las últimas dos décadas no se había reportado ningún caso. Se describen aquí dos casos de angiostrongiloidiasis en niños provenientes de los departamentos de Huila y Caquetá que requirieron una larga hospitalización y múltiples intervenciones quirúrgicas. El diagnóstico se logró al observar en los especímenes quirúrgicos larvas and huevos cuya morfología sugería una infección por nematodos; uno de los pacientes murió y el otro se recuperó satisfactoriamente. Se discuten la epidemiología, la patogenia, la presentación clínica, el diagnóstico y las estrategias de prevención de esta parasitosis, con énfasis en las características particulares de los casos descritos y en el contexto colombiano.
Assuntos
Infecções por Strongylida/diagnóstico , Relatos de Casos , Colômbia , AngiostrongylusRESUMO
Introducción: Los quistes dermoides son tumores raros, que se originan por la inclusión de elementos de origen ectodérmico en el momento del cierre del tubo neural durante la embriogénesis. Su contenido incluye una variedad de derivados del ectodermo como glándulas apocrinas, sudor, quistes sebáceos, folículos pilosos, epitelio escamoso y dientes. Los síntomas que generan estos tumores benignos son tanto por el efecto de masa sobre las estructuras neurovasculares adyacentes (cefalea, convulsiones, hidrocefalia, isquemia), como por la irritación meníngea en los casos de ruptura hacia el espacio subaracnoideo. Objetivo: Presentar el curso clínico de paciente femenino de 21 años de edad, que acude a la consulta de neurocirugía con clínica de cefalea y síncope. Presentación del caso: Paciente con rotura espontánea de un quiste dermoide intracraneal que consultaba previamente por clínica de cefalea, a la cual se asocia más recientemente episodios de alteración de la conciencia, realizándose estudio de neuroimágenes con evidencia de quiste dermoide intracraneal roto, el cual fue manejado quirúrgicamente con resolución exitosa de la sintomatología. Conclusiones: Se considera relevante el caso teniendo en cuenta lo inusual de la patología según la epidemiología consultada, además este reporte de caso, permite sensibilizar al personal de salud sobre esta patología tumoral la cual puede llegar a la cura en caso de resección quirúrgica completa, con resolución de la clínica...(AU)
Introduction: Dermoid cysts are rare tumors, which can originate from the inclusion of elements of ectodermal origin at the time of neural tube closure during embryogenesis. Its content includes a wide variety of ectodermal derivatives such as apocrine glands, sweat, sebaceous cysts, hair follicles, squamous epithelium and teeth. The symptoms generated by these benign tumors are due to the mass effect on adjacent neurovascular structures (headache, seizures, hydrocephalus, and ischemia), as well as meningeal irritation in cases of rupture into the subarachnoid space. Objective: To present the clinical course of a 21-year-old female patient who visits the neurosurgery clinic with syncope and headaches. Case report: A patient with spontaneous rupture of an intracranial dermoid cyst who previously looked for medical attention because of headaches; this medical record was associated with most episodes of altered consciousness. Therefore, a neuroimaging study was performed and showed evidence of ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst, which was managed surgically with a successful resolution of the symptomatology. Conclusions: This case is considered as relevant considering the unusual nature of the pathology according to the epidemiology consulted. Moreover, this case report allows the health staff to be aware of this tumor pathology, which can reach the cure in case of a complete surgical resection, with a resolution from the clinic...(AU)
Introdução: os cisto dermoides são tumores raros, que se originam da inclusão de elementos de origem ectodérmica no momento do fechamento do tubo neural durante a embriogênese. Seu conteúdo inclui uma variedade de derivados ectodérmicos, como glândulas apócrinas, suores, tumores sebáceos, folículos pilosos, epitélio escamoso e dentes. Os sintomas gerados por estes tumores benignos são devidos ao efeito de massa nas estruturas neuro-vasculares adjacentes (dor de cabeça, convulsões, hidrocefalia, isquemia), bem como irritação meníngea em casos de ruptura no espaço subaracnóideo. Objetivo: Apresentar o curso clínico de uma paciente de 21 anos de idade, que visita à clínica de neurocirurgia com dor de cabeça e síncope. Relato de caso: Paciente com ruptura espontânea de um cisto dermoide intracraniano que havia consultado previamente uma clínica por causa de dor de cabeça, na qual a maioria dos episódios de consciência alterada estava associada e um estudo de neuroimagem com evidência de cisto dermoide intracraniano rompido, foi realizado um tratamento cirurgicamente com resolução bem sucedida da sintomatologia. Conclusões: O caso é considerado relevante considerando a natureza incomum da patologia de acordo com a epidemiologia consultada. Além disso, este relato de caso permite que o pessoal de saúde seja sensibilizado sobre esta patologia tumoral, que pode atingir a cura em caso de resseção cirúrgica completa, com resolução da clínica...(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Ruptura , Cisto Dermoide , Neurocirurgia , Meningite Asséptica , NeoplasiasRESUMO
Los pituicitomas son tumores infrecuentes de la región selar y supraselar, originados de la neurohipófisis, que suelen ser confundidos con otros tumores al compartir características imaginológicas. Se reporta el caso de una mujer de 36 años de edad, con un pituicitoma en la región selar, que fue diagnosticado como un adenoma hipofisario debido a los hallazgos clínicos e imaginológicos preoperatorios y se realiza una revisión de la literatura.
The Pituicytomas are rare tumors of the sellar and suprasellar region originated of the neurohypophysis and are usually confused with other tumors when sharing imagining features. It is reported a case of a 36 years old woman with pituicytoma in the sellar region that was diagnosed as a pituitary adenoma due to the presurgical clinical and imaging findings and, it is revised the literature.
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Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Endoscopia/métodos , Galactorreia , Hiperprolactinemia , Neuro-Hipófise/patologia , Prolactinoma/cirurgia , Prolactinoma/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/epidemiologia , Radiocirurgia , Sela Túrcica/lesões , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
Las lesiones vasculares durante la cirugía de hernia discal son infrecuentes, pero asociadas con una alta mortalidad dependiendo del vaso afectado, requiriendo de una sospecha diagnóstica y manejo temprano que puedan evitar el desenlace mortal. Dependiendo del nivel intervertebral intervenido las lesiones vasculares comprometerán en mayor o menor frecuencia los diferentes grandes vasos, siendo más frecuentes los traumas a la aorta en niveles altos y el compromiso de los vasos arteriales y venosos ilíacos comunes o sus ramificaciones en niveles inferiores, las estadísticas en cuanto a incidencia se creen son subestimadas debido a la infrecuencia con que son reportados estos casos. El objetivo de este artículo es exponer el caso de una lesión traumática intraoperatoria de la arteria ilíaca común izquierda durante un procedimiento de hemilaminectomia y microdisectomia L5 - S1, en la que la temprana sospecha de la lesión y contar con equipo quirúrgico altamente capacitado en la institución permitió realizar un manejo oportuno sin secuelas neurológicas o vasculares para el paciente. Compartimos este caso dado lo infrecuente de sus reportes en la literatura revisada, si tenemos en cuenta la frecuencia con el que neurocirujano o cirujano de columna realiza procedimientos para corrección de hernias discales, sin dimensionar en muchas ocasiones el alto riesgo de morbi-mortalidad derivadas de una complicación quirúrgica, que en nuestro caso de no haber contado con el equipo quirúrgico idóneo (anestesia, cuidados posoperatorios, cirujanos generales y vasculares), no se hubiera obtenido el buen resultado para el paciente.
Vascular injury during surgery herniated disc are rare, but associated with high mortality depending on the affected vessel, requiring a diagnostic suspicion and early management to avoid a fatal deselance. Depending on the level involved surgical, vascular lesions are more commonly involved trauma of the aorta at high levels and commitment of arterial and venous vessels common iliac, less frequently commits its branches at lower levels. Due to the low incidence of reporting of these cases statistics are underestimated. The aim of this article is to present the case of a traumatic injury intraoperative left common iliac artery for a microdiscectomy procedure hemilaminectomy and L5 - S1, where a timely management was conducted through early suspicion of injury and the surgical team highly trained in the institution. There were no neurological or vascular consequences for the patient. We share this case due to the rareness of their reports in the literature reviewed, if we consider the frequency with which neurosurgeon or spine surgeon performs procedures to correct herniated discs, not to mention the high risk of surgical morbidity and mortality. In our case you have not had the ideal surgical equipment (anesthesia, postoperative care, general and vascular surgeons) had not obtained the good result for the patient.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Artéria Ilíaca/lesões , Discotomia , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral , Vértebras Lombares , Doença Iatrogênica , Complicações Pós-OperatóriasRESUMO
La proporción de muertes por diarrea ocuosa aguda en niños tiende a disminuir en algunos países, con aumento relativo de las defunciones asociadas a diarrea persistente o a disentería. Con el objeto de conocer la evolución de su frecuencia relativa en los últimos once años en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel en la Ciudad de México, se incluyeron en este estudio los niños hospitalizados que ingresaron con diagnóstico de diarrea y que fallecieron, en el periodo comprendido entre el 1o. de enero de 1982 y el 31 de diciembre de 1992. En total, murieron 419 pacientes con enfermedad diarreica: 252 (60 por ciento) ingresaron con diarrea aguda, 150 (36 por ciento) con diarrea persistente y 17 (14 por ciento) con disentería. La diarrea acuosa fue el tipo más frecuente, con variación anual decreciente de 73 a 46 por ciento, seguida por incremento proporcional de la diarrea persistente, desde 26 hasta 47 por ciento; la disentería se mantuvo siempre con la frecuencia más baja. Aunque hacen falta otras investigaciones semejantes para conocer si esta tendencia es similar en otras poblaciones, los resultados del presente estudio sugieren dar mayor atención a la prevención de las diarreas de evolución prolongada, a través de mejorar el manejo del episodio agudo inicial y la alimentación de los niños