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With COVID-19 surging across the world, understanding the effectiveness of intervention strategies on transmission dynamics is of primary global health importance. Here, we develop and analyze an epidemiological compartmental model using multi-objective genetic algorithm design optimization to compare scenarios related to strategy type, the extent of social distancing, time window, and personal protection levels on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in São Paulo, Brazil. The results indicate that the optimal strategy for São Paulo is to reduce social distancing over time with a stepping-down reduction in the magnitude of social distancing every 80-days. Our results also indicate that the ability to reduce social distancing depends on a 5-10% increase in the current percentage of people strictly following protective guidelines, highlighting the importance of protective behavior in controlling the pandemic. Our framework can be extended to model transmission dynamics for other countries, regions, states, cities, and organizations.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Modelos Teóricos , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/virologia , Cidades , Saúde Global , Humanos , Pandemias , Distanciamento Físico , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologia , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Emergent technologies that make use of novel materials and quantum properties of light states are at the forefront in the race for the physical implementation, encoding and transmission of information. Photonic crystals (PCs) enter this paradigm with optical materials that allow the control of light propagation and can be used for optical communication, and photonics and electronics integration, making use of materials ranging from semiconductors, to metals, metamaterials, and topological insulators, to mention but a few. Here, we show how designer superconductor materials integrated into PCs fabrication allow for an extraordinary reduction of electromagnetic waves damping, making possible their optimal propagation and tuning through the structure, below critical superconductor temperature. We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, a successful integration of ferroelectric and superconductor materials into a one-dimensional (1D) PC composed of [Formula: see text] bilayers that work in the whole visible spectrum, and below (and above) critical superconductor temperature [Formula: see text]. Theoretical calculations support, for different number of bilayers N, the effectiveness of the produced 1D PCs and may pave the way for novel optoelectronics integration and information processing in the visible spectrum, while preserving their electric and optical properties.
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Early diagnosis of cancer by biomarker detection has been widely studied since it can lead to an increase in patient survival rates. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) play an important role in this field acting as a valuable tool in the biomarker immunocapture and detection. In this work, Co0.25Zn0.75Fe2O4 (CoZnFeONPs) nanoparticles were synthesized and applied as enzyme mimics of peroxidase-like catalysis in a disposable enzyme-free microfluidic immunoarray device (µID). The catalytic activity of CoZnFeONPs was evaluated by hydrogen peroxide detection using cyclic voltammetry and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was estimated by Lineweaver-Burk equation showing good Km values. In µID, the immunosensors were assembled with monoclonal antibody against CYFRA 21-1 covalently immobilized on graphene oxide previously deposited on the screen-printed carbon-based electrodes. Under optimized conditions, the method presented a good linear response for CYFRA 21-1 in the range of 3.9-1000â¯fgâ¯mL-1 achieving an ultralow limit of detection (LOD) of 0.19â¯fgâ¯mL-1. For comparison, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (FeONPs) was also synthetized and presented results slight inferior to that obtained with CoZnFeONPs. The methods developed using both MNPs exhibited countless advantages when compared with the immunosensors developed for CYFRA-21-1, previously reported in the literature. The methods were successful applied for the detection of CYFRA 21-1 in real serum samples of healthy and prostate cancer patients and showed good correlation with results obtained with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The CoZnFeONPs associated with the disposable microfluidic immunoarray device provides a simple and effective method for biomarker detection that could satisfy the need for a low-cost and rapid test for early diagnosis of cancer.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Neoplasias/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Queratina-19/sangue , Dispositivos Lab-On-A-Chip , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/métodos , Anticorpos/imunologia , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/imunologia , Cobalto/química , Eletrodos , Grafite/química , Humanos , Imunoensaio/instrumentação , Imunoensaio/métodos , Ferro/química , Queratina-19/imunologia , Limite de Detecção , Masculino , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/instrumentação , Neoplasias da Próstata/sangue , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Zinco/químicaRESUMO
Introducción: El cáncer infantil es una enfermedad relativamente rara comparado con los el de adultos, siendo la segunda causa de muerte entre los 0-14 años de edad. Los tumores más frecuentes en los niños son los de origen hematopoyético, SNC y tejido mesenquimal. No hay en la región un Registro de Tumores específico de niños, pero el Registro Poblacional de Cáncer del Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga (RPC-AMB), recopila la información de los casos obtenidos en múltiples fuentes de información. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de cáncer en niños menores de 15 años en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga. Metodología: Los datos incluyen tumores malignos de pacientes menores de 15 años del RPC-AMB. Los casos fueron agrupados de acuerdo con la Clasificación Internacional de Cáncer Infantil (ICCC). Las tasas se calcularon usando el software CanReg4 de la IARC. Resultados: 207 casos fueron diagnosticados en niños menores de 15 años de edad. En los niños la TEE fue 159.2 casos por millón de habitantes. En las niñas la TEE fue de 118.6 casos por millón de habitantes. La distribución por tipos de cáncer agrupada según la clasificación de ICCC fue muy similar para el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga y otras regiones del mundo. Conclusiones: Los datos epidemiológicos obtenidos son similares con otras regiones como Cali.
Background: Childhood cancer is relatively uncommon disease compared with adults and is the second cause of death among 0-14 years old. The most common cancers in children are leukemia, central nervous system and mesenchyme tumors. There is not a Childhood Cancer Registry in this Geographical region, however The Population Based Cancer of the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga (RPC-AMB), collects the information of all cancer cases, obtained from multiple sources of information. Objective: Determine the cancer incidence of children younger than 15 years old in the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga. Methodology: The data include all malignant tumors in patients younger than 15 years of RPC-AMB. The cases were grouped according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC). The rates were calculated using the IARC CanReg4 software. Results: 207 cancer cases were diagnosed in children younger than 15 years old. The male average annual age-adjusted cancer incidence rate is 159.2 per million inhabitants. The female average annual age-adjusted cancer incidence rate is 118.6 per million inhabitants. The cancers were grouped according to the ICCC classification is similar to other regions. Conclusions: The data are similar to other regions as Cali. [Uribe CJ, Amado AM, Ramírez G, Alarcón IC. Childhood cancer on Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga, Colombia, 2003-2007. MedUNAB 2011; 14:86-93].
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Incidência , NeoplasiasRESUMO
Se ha escogido al azar 15 pacientes con inmuno deficiencia adquirida (SIDA), quienes fueron tratados con el Método EB-140 el mismo que está compuesto por 4 substancias que actúan sinérgicamente produciendo aumento de la inmunidad y acción en las distintas fase de replicación viral (del retrovirus)