RESUMO
Infectious keratitis is a sight-threatening condition that is usually an ocular emergency. The visual outcome depends on prompt and accurate clinical management as well as geographic and epidemiological awareness. We conducted a retrospective observational study to define the epidemiological and laboratory profile, as well as the clinical course of bacterial keratitis in a tertiary hospital in São Paulo over 21 years. Information about age, sex, predisposing factors, topical and surgical treatment, visual acuity, ulcers' classification, bacterioscopy, culture, and antibiotic sensitivity tests were collected. This study included 160 patients. The mean age was 65.1 ± 18.4 years and risk factors were identified in 83.1 % of the patients. Empirical topical fortified cephalosporin with an aminoglycoside or fourth-generation fluoroquinolone was curative for 66.2 % of the cases. The mean treatment duration was 22.5 ± 9 days. The mean variation of visual acuity was -0.25 logMAR, p < 0.001. Culture revealed 64 % of Gram-positive bacteria. All Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to cephalothin, vancomycin, and quinolones. All Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin. These findings reinforce the importance of prompt empirical treatment of severe corneal ulcers with a fortified cephalosporin and aminoglycoside or a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone as there are equally effective. Collected data was insufficient to evaluate resistance of ocular infections over time in this population.
Assuntos
Infecções Oculares Bacterianas , Ceratite , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Úlcera/tratamento farmacológico , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Brasil/epidemiologia , Ceratite/tratamento farmacológico , Ceratite/epidemiologia , Ceratite/microbiologia , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Fluoroquinolonas/uso terapêutico , Bactérias Gram-Positivas , Cefalosporinas , Aminoglicosídeos/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Infectious keratitis is a sight-threatening condition that is usually an ocular emergency. The visual outcome depends on prompt and accurate clinical management as well as geographic and epidemiological awareness. We conducted a retrospective observational study to define the epidemiological and laboratory profile, as well as the clinical course of bacterial keratitis in a tertiary hospital in São Paulo over 21 years. Information about age, sex, predisposing factors, topical and surgical treatment, visual acuity, ulcers' classification, bacterioscopy, culture, and antibiotic sensitivity tests were collected. This study included 160 patients. The mean age was 65.1 ± 18.4 years and risk factors were identified in 83.1 % of the patients. Empirical topical fortified cephalosporin with an aminoglycoside or fourth-generation fluoroquinolone was curative for 66.2 % of the cases. The mean treatment duration was 22.5 ± 9 days. The mean variation of visual acuity was −0.25 logMAR, p < 0.001. Culture revealed 64 % of Gram-positive bacteria. All Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to cephalothin, vancomycin, and quinolones. All Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin. These findings reinforce the importance of prompt empirical treatment of severe corneal ulcers with a fortified cephalosporin and aminoglycoside or a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone as there are equally effective. Collected data was insufficient to evaluate resistance of ocular infections over time in this population.
RESUMO
Resumo Objetivo: Analizar o perfil dos pacientes submetidos a Injeções Intravítreas (IVTs), as indicações e os custos do tratamento. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado através de protocolos próprios, aplicados por meio de análise de prontuários dos pacientes submetidos a IVTs no Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo no período de janeiro de 2017 a junho de 2018. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise descritiva. Resultados: Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que 3181 injeções foram realizadas em 1421 olhos no período do estudo; não foi evidenciada nenhuma complicação durante os procedimentos; nenhum paciente evoluiu com endoftalmite durante o seguimento; a principal droga injetada foi o Bevacizumabe; a principal patologia tratada foi a Maculopatia Diabética; e o custo com estes procedimentos foi de pelo menos R$ 776.257,56. Somente 10% dos pacientes diabéticos possuíam a Hemoglobina Glicada inferior a 7%. Apenas 25% dos pacientes com Doença macular Relacionada a Idade tiveram melhora documentada de Acuidade Visual. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que as indicações de IVTs devem ser avaliadas quanto ao prognóstico visual para benefício dos servidores públicos do estado de São Paulo. Filas de espera de acordo com o prognóstico visual são uma opção a ser aventada. As informações geradas por este estudo poderão ser utilizadas para aprimorar o serviço através do desenvolvimento de protocolos terapêuticos, como também como ponto de partida para novas pesquisas e ações ligadas ao tema.
Abstract Objective: The objective of this work was to generate information about the profile of the patients submitted to Intravitreal Injections (IVIs) and also to evaluate the indications and costs of the procedure. Methods: The study was carried out with own protocols, applied through the analysis of medical records of patients submitted to IVIs at the State Public Servant Hospital of São Paulo from January 2017 to June 2018. Data were analyzed in the form of descriptive study. Results: The results showed that 3181 injections were performed in 1421 eyes in the study period; the main drug injected was Bevacizumab; the main pathology treated was Diabetic Maculopathy; and the cost with these procedures was at least R$ 776,257.56. Most diabetic patients did not have adequate glycemic control. Many patients with AMD had no documented improvement in Visual Acuity. Conclusion: It was concluded that deep analyzes about the indications of IVIs should be performed for the benefit of public servants of São Paulo. The information generated by this study can be used to improve the service through the development of therapeutic protocols, as well as serving as a starting point for new research and actions related to the topic.