RESUMO
Intracapsular embryonic development in the intertidal zone exposes embryos to various stress sources characteristic of this environment, including UV-R. They require defensive mechanisms to mitigate its adverse effects. The presence of total carotenoids (TC), and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) was studied in adults, in encapsulated embryos, and in the egg capsule walls of the intertidal gastropod Acanthina monodon. Oxygen consumption rates (OCR) were determined in encapsulated and excapsulated embryos exposed to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and PAR + UV-A + UV-B to understand if the capsule wall is a protective structure for encapsulated embryos. The results showed the presence of TC in adult pedal and gonad tissues, and in all encapsulated stages. MAAs were not detected. The physical structure of the capsule wall retained most wavelengths, being particularly efficient in the UV-B range. Excapsulated embryos exposed to PAR + UV-A + UV-B radiation increased its OCR compared to encapsulated embryos, indicating the protective character of the capsule wall.
Assuntos
Gastrópodes , Aminoácidos , Animais , Carotenoides , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Gastrópodes/metabolismo , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
The two most exploited aquifers in the Matanza-Riachuelo River basin are being monitored in the framework of the Integrated Environmental Sanitation Plan that implements the Basin Authority, Autoridad de Cuenca Matanza Riachuelo. In this context, this work identifies the groundwater chemical types and the natural processes behind them; determines spatial and temporal changes; establishes ranges of variation for chemical components, and proposes concentration values for the upper limit of the natural chemical background. A total of 1007 samples from three aquifer-layers (Upper Aquifer, top and bottom of Puelche Aquifer) have been studied. As concrete guidelines for practical determination of baseline values are not available in the region, the methodology used follows the proposals of European projects which assessed European water directives. The groundwater composition is very stable in terms of both chemical facies and mineralization degree, and the changes observed in the dry and wet periods analysed are subtle in general. Most of the groundwater is Na-HCO3 type, except a few samples that are Ca-HCO3, Na-ClSO4 and Na-Cl types. The Ca-HCO3 waters are the result of calcium carbonate dissolution, Na-HCO3 waters result from cation exchange and carbonate dissolution, while in the Na-ClSO4 and Na-Cl waters, mixing with connate and with encroached old marine water from the underlying and overlying sediments are the most relevant processes. The proposed values for the upper limit of the natural background consider the influence of geology and Holocene marine ingressions in the baseline of coastal groundwater. This study allowed to know the initial chemical conditions of the groundwater system of the Matanza-Riachuelo River basin and to establish the reference from which Basin Authority can start to evaluate trends and monitor the recovery plan. At the same time, it sets a precedent for future studies in the region.
RESUMO
Presentar en una serie de casos los posibles errores técnicos durante el bloqueo epidural, ya que se pueden prevenir y corregir durante el procedimiento. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron retrospectivamente, entre enero de 2013 y abril de 2014, 118 pacientes con dolor lumbar y/o radicular tratados con antiinflamatorio/analgésico mínimamente invasivo mediante una inyección selectiva guiada por tomografía computada (TC) en el espacio epidural. En todos los casos se utilizó una aguja espinal 21 G, y se inyectó esteroide de depósito (betametasona 3 mg) y anestésicos (lidocaína 1 ml al 2% + bupivacaína 0,5 ml al0,5%) o solo esteroide en los pacientes con sospecha de duramadre perforada. Se seleccionaron únicamente aquellos casos en los que hubo errores de técnica durante el procedimiento. Resultados: Cinco pacientes (4,23%) tuvieron complicaciones técnicas durante el bloqueo epidural. Estas se observaron luego de una inadecuada posición del extremo de la aguja (perforación de la duramadre y falta de acceso al espacio epidural) y se objetivaron por la aspiración directa del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) o por la disposición del aire, utilizado como trazador antes de la inyección del medicamento. Los errores se detectaron y corrigieron con rapidez, sin mayores inconvenientes ni necesidad de tratamientos complementarios. Conclusión: El bloqueo epidural es una práctica frecuentemente usada en el manejo del dolor lumbar crónico. Los errores técnicos y las complicaciones del procedimiento son poco comunes, pero para su manejo y posterior corrección es importante conocerlos y contar con un médico experimentado...
Assuntos
Humanos , Analgesia Epidural , Dor , Ética , Erros de Medicação , Manejo da Dor , RadiculopatiaRESUMO
The Pampean plain is the most productive region in Argentina. The Pampeano Aquifer beneath the Pampean plain is used mostly for drinking water. The study area is the sector of the Pampeano Aquifer underlying the Del Azul Creek basin, in Buenos Aires province. The main objective is to characterize the chemical and isotopic compositions of groundwater and their origin on a regional scale. The methodology used involved the identification and characterization of potential sources of solutes, the study of rain water and groundwater chemical and isotopic characteristics to deduce processes, the development of a hydrogeochemical conceptual model, and its validation by hydrogeochemical modelling with PHREEQC. Groundwater samples come mostly from a two-depth monitoring network of the "Dr. Eduardo J. Usunoff" Large Plains Hydrology Institute (IHLLA). Groundwater salinity increases from SW to NE, where groundwater is saline. In the upper basin groundwater is of the HCO3-Ca type, in the middle basin it is HCO3-Na, and in the lower basin it is ClSO4-NaCa and Cl-Na. The main processes incorporating solutes to groundwater during recharge in the upper basin are rain water evaporation, dissolution of CO2, calcite, dolomite, silica, and anorthite; cationic exchange with Na release and Ca and Mg uptake, and clay precipitation. The main processes modifying groundwater chemistry along horizontal flow at 30 m depth from the upper to the lower basin are cationic exchange, dissolution of silica and anorthite, and clay precipitation. The origin of salinity in the middle and lower basin is secular evaporation in a naturally endorheic area. In the upper and middle basins there is agricultural pollution. In the lower basin the main pollution source is human liquid and solid wastes. Vertical infiltration through the boreholes annular space during the yearly flooding stages is probably the pollution mechanism of the samples at 30 m depth.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Água Subterrânea/análise , Abastecimento de Água/análise , Argentina , Água Subterrânea/química , Hidrologia , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Abastecimento de Água/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
We evaluated the effect of Ascaris lumbricoides on Giardia duodenalis infection and TH1/TH2 type immune mechanisms toward this parasite in 251 rural parasitized and 70 urban non-parasitized school children. The children were classified according to light (0-5000 eggs/g faeces) or moderate (>5001-50,000 eggs/g faeces) A. lumbricoides infection. Anti G. duodenalis skin hyper-reactivity, IgE, IgG, IL-13, IFN γ, IL6 and IL-10 levels were compared among G. duodenalis infected and non-infected children according to light or moderate A. lumbricoides infection. It was found that 62% of the A. lumbricoides moderately infected children were co-infected by G. duodenalis compared to 45% of the lightly infected group. After treatment, 42% of the A. lumbricoides moderately group were infected with G. duodenalis compared to 11% of their lightly counterparts, being A. lumbricoides IL-10 levels higher (p<0.0001) in the moderately infected group. In the A. lumbricoides lightly parasitized children, G. duodenalis infection was associated to a significant increase (p<0.005) of the levels of G. duodenalis IL-13, IFN-γ, IL-6, IgE, IgG and skin test hyper reactivity. In contrast, there was no effect of G. duodenalis infection in the elevation of these parameters among the A. lumbricoides moderately parasitized group, being those levels similarly lower as those observed in the control group. Inverse correlations were found between the levels of anti G duodenalis antibodies, skin test hyper-reactivity and cytokines with the intensity of A. lumbricoides infection (p>0.0001) and A. lumbricoides IL-10 levels (p>0.0001), suggesting that co-infection with A. lumbricoides may affect both TH1 and TH2 type immunity against G. duodenalis that may play an important role in the susceptibility to the infection after chemotherapy in children from endemic areas.
Assuntos
Ascaríase/imunologia , Giardíase/imunologia , Imunomodulação , Animais , Anticorpos/imunologia , Ascaríase/complicações , Ascaríase/epidemiologia , Ascaríase/parasitologia , Ascaris lumbricoides/fisiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Citocinas/imunologia , Giardia lamblia/fisiologia , Giardíase/complicações , Giardíase/epidemiologia , Giardíase/parasitologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Imunoglobulinas/imunologia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , População Rural , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Testes Cutâneos , Equilíbrio Th1-Th2 , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
La contrapulsación aórtica (CPIA) es el método más básico y difundido de asistencia circulatoria. Su utilidad en el síndrome de bajo gasto postcardiotomía aún comporta alta mortalidad. Pretendemos identiificar factores relacionados con el perfil preoperatoriodel paciente y el procedimiento realizado, que tenga carácter predictivo de mortalidad hospitalaria (MH) en la utilización de CPIA por bajo gasto tras cirugía coronaria. Entre septiembre de 1995 y abril de 1998 hemos intervenido 382 pacientes coronarios. Se utilizó CPIA en 54 casos (14 por ciento). Analizamos 50 variables pre e intraoperatorias de potencial carácter predictivo en el grupo A (29 supervivientes) y B (25 fallecidos). La MH por CPIA en coronarios fue del 46 por ciento. Todos los scores de riesgo preoperatorio fueron más elevados en el grupo B, aunque el score de Parsonnet mostró diferencias significativas (grupo A: 6 vs B: 12,9) (p<0,01). La mayor utilización de venas (grupo A:1,3 vs B:2) (p<0,05), el menor uso de injertos arteriales (A:79 por ciento vs B:56 por ciento) y el carácter emergente de la cirugía (A:7 por ciento vs B:20 por ciento) también se relacionaron con la MH. La CPIA en el sindrome postcardiotomía tras revascularización coronaria aún presenta altas cifras de MH. En nuestra experiencia la MH se asocia a un perfil de riesgo elevado del paciente, así como con el tipo de injerto empleado y con el carácter emergente de la cirugía (AU)
Assuntos
Estudo Comparativo , Humanos , Contrapulsação/mortalidade , Balão Intra-Aórtico/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Causalidade , Previsões , Balão Intra-Aórtico/estatística & dados numéricos , Cirurgia Torácica/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Revascularização Miocárdica/mortalidadeRESUMO
La contrapulsación aórtica (CPIA) es el método más básico y difundido de asistencia circulatoria. Su utilidad en el síndrome de bajo gasto postcardiotomía aún comporta alta mortalidad. Pretendemos identiificar factores relacionados con el perfil preoperatoriodel paciente y el procedimiento realizado, que tenga carácter predictivo de mortalidad hospitalaria (MH) en la utilización de CPIA por bajo gasto tras cirugía coronaria. Entre septiembre de 1995 y abril de 1998 hemos intervenido 382 pacientes coronarios. Se utilizó CPIA en 54 casos (14 por ciento). Analizamos 50 variables pre e intraoperatorias de potencial carácter predictivo en el grupo A (29 supervivientes) y B (25 fallecidos). La MH por CPIA en coronarios fue del 46 por ciento. Todos los scores de riesgo preoperatorio fueron más elevados en el grupo B, aunque el score de Parsonnet mostró diferencias significativas (grupo A: 6 vs B: 12,9) (p<0,01). La mayor utilización de venas (grupo A:1,3 vs B:2) (p<0,05), el menor uso de injertos arteriales (A:79 por ciento vs B:56 por ciento) y el carácter emergente de la cirugía (A:7 por ciento vs B:20 por ciento) también se relacionaron con la MH. La CPIA en el sindrome postcardiotomía tras revascularización coronaria aún presenta altas cifras de MH. En nuestra experiencia la MH se asocia a un perfil de riesgo elevado del paciente, así como con el tipo de injerto empleado y con el carácter emergente de la cirugía
Assuntos
Humanos , Causalidade , Contrapulsação/mortalidade , Balão Intra-Aórtico/mortalidade , Previsões , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Cirurgia Torácica/estatística & dados numéricos , Balão Intra-Aórtico/estatística & dados numéricos , Revascularização Miocárdica/mortalidade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Paracentral corneal topography was determined (with a topogometer) and corneal sensitivity was measured in 90 keratoconic eyes. Sensitivity was evaluated in a control group and found to be greater in all five sectors than the sensitivity found in keratoconus patients. The zone of marked corneal steepening was located infero-temporally in 59% of our patients, although steepening was found in other zones as well. Overall, sensitivity was greatest in the temporal cornea and lowest in the inferior cornea, this hypoesthesia coinciding with the area of pronounced corneal protrusion. Corneal sensitivity, which was diminished in contact lens wearers, recovered within 7 days after discontinuing contact lens wear.