RESUMO
Abstract Introduction Aggression can be defined according to impulsive or premeditated features. Impulsivity is defined as an uncontrolled and unplanned form of aggression. On the contrary, premeditation requires planning and is goal-oriented. Objective The purpose of this study was to validate the basic psychometric properties of the Impulsive/Premeditated Aggression Scale (IPAS) into European Portuguese. The scale evaluates aggression according to impulsive and premeditated features, which are considered the predominant forms of aggressive behavior, and can be used in community, forensic and clinical settings. Methods Participants from a community sample (n = 957; 424 male) and incarcerated individuals (n = 115, all male) completed the IPAS. Results Internal consistency and reliability indicated that the scale has good psychometric properties in both samples. Data from a principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated similarities to previous structures reported in the literature. Conclusions The scale demonstrated to be sensitive to the bimodal classification of aggression in community and forensic samples, indicating its utility in the characterization of aggressive patterns.
Resumo Introdução A agressão pode ser definida de acordo com as características de impulsividade ou premeditação. A impulsividade é definida como uma forma descontrolada e não planeada de agressão. Pelo contrário, a premeditação requer planejamento e orienta-se para um objetivo. Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo foi validar as propriedades psicométricas básicas da Escala de Agressão Impulsiva e Premeditada (Impulsive/Premeditated Aggression Scale - IPAS) para o português europeu. A escala avalia a agressão de acordo com características impulsivas e premeditadas, que são consideradas as formas predominantes do comportamento agressivo, e pode ser usada em contextos comunitário, forense e clínico. Métodos A escala foi aplicada a participantes de uma amostra comunitária (n = 957; 424 homens) e reclusos (n = 115, todos homens). Resultados A consistência interna e a confiabilidade indicaram que a escala possui boas propriedades psicométricas para as duas amostras. Os dados da análise de componentes principais (principal component analysis - PCA) demonstraram semelhanças com estruturas fatoriais previamente reportadas na literatura. Conclusão A escala revelou ser sensível à classificação bimodal da agressão em amostras comunitárias e forenses, indicando sua utilidade na caracterização de padrões agressivos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Agressão/psicologia , Comportamento Impulsivo/fisiologia , Portugal , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Aggression can be defined according to impulsive or premeditated features. Impulsivity is defined as an uncontrolled and unplanned form of aggression. On the contrary, premeditation requires planning and is goal-oriented. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to validate the basic psychometric properties of the Impulsive/Premeditated Aggression Scale (IPAS) into European Portuguese. The scale evaluates aggression according to impulsive and premeditated features, which are considered the predominant forms of aggressive behavior, and can be used in community, forensic and clinical settings. METHODS: Participants from a community sample (n = 957; 424 male) and incarcerated individuals (n = 115, all male) completed the IPAS. RESULTS: Internal consistency and reliability indicated that the scale has good psychometric properties in both samples. Data from a principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated similarities to previous structures reported in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: The scale demonstrated to be sensitive to the bimodal classification of aggression in community and forensic samples, indicating its utility in the characterization of aggressive patterns.
Assuntos
Agressão/psicologia , Comportamento Impulsivo/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Portugal , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to conduct a convenience study for brucellosis prevalence in dairy-producing animals in northern Ecuador. In total, 2,561 cows and 301 goats were tested. Cattle sera were tested using the Rose Bengal card antigen test (RBCT), yielding an overall apparent prevalence of 5.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 4.7-6.5%) and true prevalence of 7.2% (95% CI = 6.0-8.5%). Prevalence varied by herd size and was highest in larger commercial herds. Polymerase chain reaction was used to test goat milk and lymph nodes, resulting in 9% and 8% positivity, respectively. The RBCTs from goat sera yielded an adjusted true prevalence of 17.8% (95% CI = 6.2-44.2%). Our findings are similar to other overall prevalence estimates for dairy herds but show higher prevalence in commercial herds compared with small groups (less than five animals). We also identify urban milking goats living in metropolitan Quito as a potential source of zoonosis.