RESUMO
Diversos estudos relacionados à viabilidade e eficiência do uso de materiais alternativos ao globo de Vernon têm sido realizados, principalmente em decorrência ao preço elevado do cobre, componente do instrumento padrão. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência da utilização de caneca de alumínio como material alternativo para substituição do globo de Vernon. Para a confecção do protótipo empregou-se uma caneca de alumínio, utilizada em pistola de pintura, com capacidade de 50 ml. A caneca foi pintada com tinta preto-fosca, em duas camadas e um termômetro de mercúrio foi inserido ao centro. Para realização dos testes foram utilizados quatro equipamentos (dois globos de Vernon e dois globos negros alternativos). Foram efetuados testes prévios de comportamento temporal. Estabelecido o tempo, as temperaturas dos globos foram coletadas durante sete dias consecutivos, em três períodos, de 15 minutos cada. Os registros de temperatura foram realizados a cada cinco minutos, num total de 84 por equipamento. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de correlação de Pearson. Os resultados indicaram correlação positiva com o r2 de 0,9927, estabelecendo uma forte correlação entre os resultados de temperatura média do globo negro alternativo e globo de Vernon. Conclui-se que o globo negro alternativo do tipo caneca de alumínio mostrou-se eficiente para aferição da temperatura de globo negro em estudos de ambiência em substituição ao Globo de Vernon.(AU)
Several studies related to the feasibility and efficiency of using alternative materials to Vernon's globe have been carried out, mainly due to the high price of copper, a component of the standard instrument. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of using an aluminum mug as an alternative material for replacing Vernon's globe. To make the prototype, an aluminum mug was used, used in a paint gun, with a capacity of 50 ml. The mug was painted with matte black paint, in two layers and a mercury thermometer was inserted in the center. Four pieces of equipment were used to carry out the tests (two Vernon globes and two alternative black globes). Previous temporal behavior tests were carried out. Once the time was established, the globes' temperatures were collected for seven consecutive days, in three periods of 15 minutes each. Temperature records were taken every five minutes, a total of 84 per equipment. Data were subjected to Pearson's correlation analysis. The results indicated a positive correlation with the r2 of 0.9927, establishing a strong correlation between the mean temperature results of the alternative black globe and Vernon's globe. It is concluded that the alternative black globe of the aluminum mug type proved tobe efficient for measuring the temperature of the black globe in ambience studies, replacing the Vernon Globe.(AU)
Assuntos
Bem-Estar do Animal , Proteínas Anticongelantes/análise , Alumínio/químicaRESUMO
O trabalho propôs o desenvolvimento de plataforma informatizada para apoio ao gerenciamento da inspeção e análise laboratorial de produtos de origem animal fornecidos à tropa do Exército Brasileiro. A pesquisa aplicada corresponde à modalidade de produção tecnológica, em três fases. A fase I foi realizada por meio do levantamento dos arquivos de Laudos Fiscais dos artigos de origem animal, impressos e emitidos pelo LIAB (Laboratório de Inspeção de Alimentos e Bromatologia) do 12º Batalhão de Suprimento, durante o período de janeiro a novembro de 2021, e dos arquivos referentes aos Boletins Técnicos do Exército Brasileiro (BT30.404- EB). A fase II correspondeu ao projeto e desenvolvimento da "Plataforma Alimentar - Rastreabilidade e Confiabilidade Garantida". Toda a programação desenvolvida foi armazenada em um servidor web terceirizado e pode ser acessada pelos LIABs pelo link: www.pmppa.com.br/alimentar. A plataforma informatizada utilizou a linguagem PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) associada às linguagens CSS (Cascading Style Sheet), HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language), JS (Java script) e bootstrap. A fase III consistiu na realização do teste de Caixa Preta. Os módulos disponíveis para inclusão das informações no sistema são: "cadastro dos artigos de origem animal"; "lançamento das análises"; "cadastro de Boletim Técnico" e "relatórios", os quais permitem atribuir ao artigo de origem animal a qualidade satisfatória ou insatisfatória para o consumo seguro da tropa, de acordo com a avaliação laboratorial das amostras. Houve, com eficácia, o desenvolvimento da plataforma, garantindo ao oficial médico veterinário uma ferramenta segura para apoio ao gerenciamento de qualidade dos produtos destinados à alimentação da tropa do Exército Brasileiro.
The study proposed the development of a computerized platform to support the inspection management and laboratory analysis of animal products supplied to the Brazilian Army troops. The applied research corresponds to the modality of technological production in three phases. Phase I consisted in survey from Fiscal Report Files of animal products, which was printed and issued by the FIBL (Food Inspection and Bromatology Laboratory) from the 12th Supply Battalion, from January to November 2021, and the Brazilian Army's Technical Bulletins (BT30.404-EB) Files. Phase II corresponded to design and development of the "Food Platform - Guaranteed Traceability and Reliability". All the developed programming stored at an outsourced web server by accessing the FIBLS through the link: www.pmppa.com.br/alimentar. The supportive computerized platform used the PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) language associated with the CSS (Cascading Style Sheet), HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language), JS (Java script) and bootstrap. Phase III consisted in performing a Black Box testing. The available modules for information inclusion in the system are the following issues: "Animal products registration"; "Analyses release"; "Technical Bulletin registration" and "Reports", which allow attributing the satisfactory or unsatisfactory quality to the animal products providing safe consumption for the troops, according to the evaluation of laboratory samples. The platform was effectively developed, guaranteeing the veterinary officer a safe tool to support the quality management of products intended for feeding the Brazilian Army troops.
Assuntos
Qualidade dos Alimentos , Inspeção Sanitária , Alimentos de Origem Animal , Serviços de Alimentação/normas , Tecnologia Digital/métodos , Militares , BrasilRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the health status, productive performance and carcass traits of growing rabbits housed in pen with litter and conventional cage. At 35 d, 54 crossbred rabbits (New Zealand White vs. Botucatu) were randomly housed in pen with litter (6 pens, 6 rabbits/pen, 2.3 rabbits/m²) or cage (6 cages, 3 rabbits/cage, 8.3 rabbits/m²) and kept until the age of slaughter at 77 d. To simulate farm conditions, the rabbits that were housed in pen have not been previously adapted to this system. There was greater intensity of dirt and mucus occurrence in the rabbits housed in pens in first period, but the mucus occurrence practically disappeared in the later period. For performance, the rabbits housed in cages had a higher live weight at 56 d (1714 vs. 1506 g; P0.05) in the posterior period (56 to 77 d). There was no effect (P>0.05) of housing system for carcass yield, dissectible fat and hind leg yield. It may be suggested that rabbits adapt to the floor over time. Therefore, it is indicated the adoption of this system for growing rabbits.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado sanitário, o desempenho produtivo e as características de carcaça de coelhos em crescimento alojados em piso com cama e em gaiola convencional Aos 35 dias, 54 coelhos mestiços (Nova Zelândia Branco x Botucatu) foram alojados aleatoriamente em piso com cama (6 boxes; 6 coelhos/box; 2,3 coelhos/m²) ou em gaiola (6 gaiolas; 3 coelhos/gaiola; 8,3 coelhos/m²) e mantidos até a idade de abate, aos 77 dias. Para simular as condições de granja, os coelhos alojados em piso não foram previamente adaptados a este sistema. Houve maior intensidade de sujeira e ocorrência de muco nos coelhos alojados em piso no primeiro período, entretanto, esta ocorrência praticamente desapareceu no período posterior. Para o desempenho, os coelhos alojados em gaiola apresentaram maior peso vivo aos 56 dias (1714 vs. 1506 g; P0,05) os resultados de melhor desempenho no período posterior (56 a 77 dias). Não houve efeito (P>0,05) de sistema de alojamento para os rendimentos de carcaça referência, gordura dissecável e de pernil. Pode-se sugerir a ocorrência de adaptação dos coelhos ao piso, ao longo do tempo. Portanto, é indicada a adoção do sistema de alojamento em piso com cama para coelhos em crescimento.
Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Alojamento , Animais Domésticos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Vigilância SanitáriaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the health status, productive performance and carcass traits of growing rabbits housed in pen with litter and conventional cage. At 35 d, 54 crossbred rabbits (New Zealand White vs. Botucatu) were randomly housed in pen with litter (6 pens, 6 rabbits/pen, 2.3 rabbits/m²) or cage (6 cages, 3 rabbits/cage, 8.3 rabbits/m²) and kept until the age of slaughter at 77 d. To simulate farm conditions, the rabbits that were housed in pen have not been previously adapted to this system. There was greater intensity of dirt and mucus occurrence in the rabbits housed in pens in first period, but the mucus occurrence practically disappeared in the later period. For performance, the rabbits housed in cages had a higher live weight at 56 d (1714 vs. 1506 g; P<0.001), as well as BWG (46.4 vs. 36.7 g/d, P<0.001) and better FC (2.75 vs. 3.33; P<0.05) from 35 to 56 d. However, these animals did not show the best performance (P>0.05) in the posterior period (56 to 77 d). There was no effect (P>0.05) of housing system for carcass yield, dissectible fat and hind leg yield. It may be suggested that rabbits adapt to the floor over time. Therefore, it is indicated the adoption of this system for growing rabbits.(AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado sanitário, o desempenho produtivo e as características de carcaça de coelhos em crescimento alojados em piso com cama e em gaiola convencional Aos 35 dias, 54 coelhos mestiços (Nova Zelândia Branco x Botucatu) foram alojados aleatoriamente em piso com cama (6 boxes; 6 coelhos/box; 2,3 coelhos/m²) ou em gaiola (6 gaiolas; 3 coelhos/gaiola; 8,3 coelhos/m²) e mantidos até a idade de abate, aos 77 dias. Para simular as condições de granja, os coelhos alojados em piso não foram previamente adaptados a este sistema. Houve maior intensidade de sujeira e ocorrência de muco nos coelhos alojados em piso no primeiro período, entretanto, esta ocorrência praticamente desapareceu no período posterior. Para o desempenho, os coelhos alojados em gaiola apresentaram maior peso vivo aos 56 dias (1714 vs. 1506 g; P<0,001), bem como, maior ganho de peso diário (46,4 vs. 36,7 g/d; P<0,001) e melhor conversão alimentar (2,75 vs. 3,33; P<0,05), no período de 35 a 56 dias. Entretanto, estes animais não mantiveram (P>0,05) os resultados de melhor desempenho no período posterior (56 a 77 dias). Não houve efeito (P>0,05) de sistema de alojamento para os rendimentos de carcaça referência, gordura dissecável e de pernil. Pode-se sugerir a ocorrência de adaptação dos coelhos ao piso, ao longo do tempo. Portanto, é indicada a adoção do sistema de alojamento em piso com cama para coelhos em crescimento.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Animais Domésticos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Alojamento , Vigilância SanitáriaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the health status, productive performance and carcass traits of growing rabbits housed in pen with litter and conventional cage. At 35 d, 54 crossbred rabbits (New Zealand White vs. Botucatu) were randomly housed in pen with litter (6 pens, 6 rabbits/pen, 2.3 rabbits/m²) or cage (6 cages, 3 rabbits/cage, 8.3 rabbits/m²) and kept until the age of slaughter at 77 d. To simulate farm conditions, the rabbits that were housed in pen have not been previously adapted to this system. There was greater intensity of dirt and mucus occurrence in the rabbits housed in pens in first period, but the mucus occurrence practically disappeared in the later period. For performance, the rabbits housed in cages had a higher live weight at 56 d (1714 vs. 1506 g; P
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to determine if a diet supplemented simultaneously with vitamins C and E would alleviate the negative effects of heat stress, applied between 28 and 42 days of age, on performance, carcass and meat quality traits of broiler chickens. A total of 384 male broiler chickens were assigned to a completely randomized design, with a 2×3 factorial arrangement (diet with or without vitamin supplementation and two ambient temperatures plus a pair-feeding group) and 16 replicates. Chickens were kept in thermoneutral conditions up to 28 days of age. They were then housed in groups of four per cage, in three environmentally controlled chambers: two thermoneutral (22.5 and 22.6°C) and one for heat stress (32°C). Half the chickens were fed a diet supplemented with vitamins C (257 to 288 mg/kg) and E (93 to 109 mg/kg). In the thermoneutral chambers, half of the chickens were pair-fed to heat stressed chickens, receiving each day the average feed intake recorded in the heat stress chamber in the previous day. Meat physical quality analyses were performed on the pectoralis major muscle. No ambient temperature×diet supplementation interaction effects were detected on performance, carcass, or meat quality traits. The supplemented diet resulted in lower growth performance, attributed either to a carry-over effect of the lower initial BW, or to a possible catabolic effect of vitamins C and E when supplemented simultaneously at high levels. Heat stress reduced slaughter and carcass weights, average daily gain and feed intake, and increased feed conversion. Growth performance of pair-fed chickens was similar to that of heat stressed chickens. Exposure to heat stress increased carcass and abdominal fat percentages, but reduced breast, liver and heart percentages. Pair-fed chickens showed the lowest fat percentage and their breast percentage was similar to controls. Heat stress increased meat pH and negatively affected meat color and cooking loss. In pair-fed chickens, meat color was similar to the heat stressed group. Shear force was not influenced by heat stress, but pair-fed chickens showed the tenderest meat. In conclusion, reduction in growth performance and negative changes in meat color in heat stressed chickens were attributed to depression in feed intake, whereas negative changes in body composition, higher meat pH and cooking loss were credited to high ambient temperature per se. Diet supplementation with vitamins C and E as antioxidants did not mitigate any of these negative effects.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Galinhas/fisiologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Carne/normas , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Ácido Ascórbico/administração & dosagem , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Dieta , Ingestão de Alimentos , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/fisiopatologia , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/veterinária , Temperatura Alta , Masculino , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/fisiopatologia , Vitamina E/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Rabbits are very sensitive to heat stress because they have difficulty eliminating excess body heat. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of heat stress on slaughter weight, dressing percentage and carcass and meat quality traits of rabbits from two genetic groups. Ninety-six weaned rabbits were used: half were from the Botucatu genetic group and half were crossbreds between New Zealand White sires and Botucatu does. They were assigned to a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two genetic groups and three ambient temperatures: 18°C, 25°C and 30°C) and kept under controlled conditions in three environmental chambers from 5 to 10 weeks of age. Slaughter took place at 10 weeks, on 2 consecutive days. Meat quality measurements were made in the longissimus muscle. Actual average ambient temperature and relative humidity in the three chambers were 18.4°C and 63.9%, 24.4°C and 80.2% and 29.6°C and 75.9%, respectively. Purebred rabbits were heavier at slaughter and had heavier commercial and reference carcasses than crossbreds at 30°C; however, no differences between genetic groups for these traits were found at lower temperatures. No genetic group × ambient temperature interaction was detected for any other carcass or meat quality traits. The percentages of distal parts of legs, skin and carcass forepart were higher in crossbred rabbits, indicating a lower degree of maturity at slaughter in this group. The percentage of thoracic viscera was higher in the purebreds. Lightness of the longissimus muscle was higher in the purebreds, whereas redness was higher in the crossbreds. Slaughter, commercial and reference carcass weights and the percentages of thoracic viscera, liver and kidneys were negatively related with ambient temperature. Commercial and reference carcass yields, and the percentage of distal parts of legs, on the other hand, had a positive linear relationship with ambient temperature. Meat redness and yellowness diminished as ambient temperature increased, whereas cooking loss was linearly elevated with ambient temperature. Meat color traits revealed paler meat in the purebreds, but no differences in instrumental texture properties and water-holding capacity between genetic groups. Purebred rabbits were less susceptible to heat stress than the crossbreds. Heat stress resulted in lower slaughter and carcass weights and proportional reductions of organ weights, which contributed to a higher carcass yield. Moreover, it exerted a small, but negative, effect on meat quality traits.