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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) comprises five groups of serious clinical entities characterized by pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling leading to right heart failure and death. In addition to vascular remodeling, recruitment and exaggerated accumulation of several perivascular inflammatory cells is also observed, including macrophages, monocytes, T and B-lymphocytes, dendritic cells and mast cells distributed in pulmonary perivascular spaces and around remodeling pulmonary vessels. Current pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-targeted therapies aim to improve functional capacity, pulmonary hemodynamic conditions, and delay disease progression. Nevertheless, PAH remains incurable, with a poor prognosis and is often refractory to drug therapy, highlighting the need for further research. In the last three decades, the best pathophysiological understanding of PAH has allowed for progression from a disease of little-known pathogenesis, without specific and effective therapy to expanding the arsenal of drugs on a cellular, genetic and molecular basis. This article provides an overview on current knowledge and progress in recent advances in pharmacological therapy in PAH.
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Idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension (IPAH), chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), and acute pulmonary embolism (APTE) are life-threatening cardiopulmonary diseases without specific surgical or medical treatment. Although APTE, CTEPH and IPAH are different pulmonary vascular diseases in terms of clinical presentation, prevalence, pathophysiology and prognosis, the identification of their circulating microRNA (miRNAs) might help in recognizing differences in their outcome evolution and clinical forms. The aim of this study was to describe the APTE, CTEPH, and IPAH-associated miRNAs and to predict their target genes. The target genes of the key differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed, and functional enrichment analyses were carried out. The miRNAs were detected using RT-PCR. Finally, we incorporated plasma circulating miRNAs in baseline and clinical characteristics of the patients to detect differences between APTE and CTEPH in time of evolution, and differences between CTEPH and IPAH in diseases form. We found five top circulating plasma miRNAs in common with APTE, CTEPH and IPAH assembled in one conglomerate. Among them, miR-let-7i-5p expression was upregulated in APTE and IPAH, while miRNA-320a was upregulated in CTEP and IPAH. The network construction for target genes showed 11 genes regulated by let-7i-5p and 20 genes regulated by miR-320a, all of them regulators of pulmonary arterial adventitial fibroblasts, pulmonary artery endothelial cell, and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. AR (androgen receptor), a target gene of hsa-let-7i-5p and has-miR-320a, was enriched in pathways in cancer, whereas PRKCA (Protein Kinase C Alpha), also a target gene of hsa-let-7i-5p and has-miR-320a, was enriched in KEGG pathways, such as pathways in cancer, glioma, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. We inferred that CTEPH might be the consequence of abnormal remodeling in APTE, while unbalance between the hyperproliferative and apoptosis-resistant phenotype of pulmonary arterial adventitial fibroblasts, pulmonary artery endothelial cell and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in pulmonary artery confer differences in IPAH and CTEPH diseases form. We concluded that the incorporation of plasma circulating let-7i-5p and miRNA-320a in baseline and clinical characteristics of the patients reinforces differences between APTE and CTEPH in outcome evolution, as well as differences between CTEPH and IPAH in diseases form.
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Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by thermally dimorphic fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides that affects predominantly 30-60-year-old male rural workers. The main clinical forms of the disease are acute/subacute, chronic (CF); almost all CF patients develop pulmonary fibrosis, and they also exhibit emphysema due to smoke. An important cytokine in this context, IL-1ß, different from the others, is produced by an intracellular multimolecular complex called inflammasome that is activated by pathogens and/or host signs of damage. Inflammasome has been recognized for its contribution to chronic inflammatory diseases, from that, we hypothesized that this activation could be involved in paracoccidioidomycosis, contributing to chronic inflammation. While inflammasome activation has been demonstrated in experimental models of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection, no information is available in patients, leading us to investigate the participation of NLRP3-inflammasome machinery in CF/PCM patients from a Brazilian endemic area. Our findings showed increased priming in mRNA levels of NLRP3 inflammasome genes by monocytes of PCM patients in vitro than healthy controls. Similar intracellular protein expression of NLRP3, CASP-1, ASC, and IL-1ß were also observed in freshly isolated monocytes of PCM patients and smoker controls. Increased expression of NLRP3 and ASC was observed in monocytes from PCM patients under hypoxia in comparison with smoker controls. For the first time, we showed that primed monocytes of CF-PCM patients were associated with enhanced expression of components of NLRP3-inflammasome due to smoke. Also, hypoxemia boosted this machinery. These findings reinforce the systemic low-grade inflammation activation observed in PCM during and after treatment.
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Monócitos/imunologia , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/genética , Paracoccidioidomicose/imunologia , Fumar , Hipóxia Celular , Humanos , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/imunologia , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/microbiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/microbiologia , Monócitos/microbiologia , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/imunologia , Paracoccidioides , Paracoccidioidomicose/microbiologia , Fibrose Pulmonar/imunologia , Fibrose Pulmonar/microbiologiaRESUMO
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by thermally dimorphic fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides that affects predominantly 30-60-year-old male rural workers. The main clinical forms of the disease are acute/subacute, chronic (CF); almost all CF patients develop pulmonary fibrosis, and they also exhibit emphysema due to smoke. An important cytokine in this context, IL-1ß, different from the others, is produced by an intracellular multimolecular complex called inflammasome that is activated by pathogens and/or host signs of damage. Inflammasome has been recognized for its contribution to chronic inflammatory diseases, from that, we hypothesized that this activation could be involved in paracoccidioidomycosis, contributing to chronic inflammation. While inflammasome activation has been demonstrated in experimental models of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection, no information is available in patients, leading us to investigate the participation of NLRP3-inflammasome machinery in CF/PCM patients from a Brazilian endemic area. Our findings showed increased priming in mRNA levels of NLRP3 inflammasome genes by monocytes of PCM patients in vitro than healthy controls. Similar intracellular protein expression of NLRP3, CASP-1, ASC, and IL-1ß were also observed in freshly isolated monocytes of PCM patients and smoker controls. Increased expression of NLRP3 and ASC was observed in monocytes from PCM patients under hypoxia in comparison with smoker controls. For the first time, we showed that primed monocytes of CF-PCM patients were associated with enhanced expression of components of NLRP3-inflammasome due to smoke. Also, hypoxemia boosted this machinery. These findings reinforce the systemic low-grade inflammation activation observed in PCM during and after treatment.
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Humanos , Paracoccidioidomicose/terapia , Inflamassomos , Hipóxia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Fibrose Pulmonar , Tabagismo/complicações , Monócitos , FumantesRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been reported in hemodialysis patients, but data regarding its pathogenesis are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the role of fluid overload in PH and its interrelationships with the usual biomarkers of micro-inflammatory state in hemodialysis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In is a cross-sectional and prospective study, 119 consecutive hemodialysis patients at a Brazilian referral university hospital were evaluated between March 2007 and February 2013. Based on the presence of echocardiographic parameters of PH, patients were allocated to two groups of the PH group and the non-PH group. Clinical parameters, site and type of vascular access, bio-impedance, and laboratory findings were compared between the two groups and a logistic regression model was elaborated. RESULTS: Pulmonary hypertension was found in 23 (19.0%) of 119 patients. The groups significantly differed in extracellular water, ventricular thickness, left atrium diameter, and ventricular filling. Additionally, laboratory data associated with PH were alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (140.0 ± 32.9 versus 116.0 ± 35.5; P < .001); C-reactive protein (median, 1.1 versus 1.6; P = .01) and B-type natriuretic peptide (median, 328 versus 77; P = .03). The adjusted logistic regression model, including alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and B-type natriuretic peptide, showed significant associations for both (odds ratio, 1.023; 95% confidence interval, 1.008 to 1.043; P = .004 and odds ratio, 3.074; 95% confidence interval, 1.49-6.35; P = .002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, fluid overload, and inflammation were associated to each other in hemodialysis patients, providing insight into its pathogenesis. Longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Pressão Arterial , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/etiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Artéria Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Composição Corporal , Brasil , Cardiomegalia/etiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Impedância Elétrica , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/diagnóstico , Falência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/diagnóstico , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION:: Chagas disease (CD) is progressive and incapacitating, especially when cardiopulmonary function is affected. For example, respiratory muscle weakness can cause dyspnea upon exertion and fatigue, which may be exacerbated when it is associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The present study aimed to evaluate respiratory musculature, quality of life, anxiety, and depression among patients with indeterminate chronic CD and symptoms of PH. METHODS:: All individuals completed a clinical evaluation, spirometry, a 6-min walking test, respiratory musculature testing using maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) and maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the SF-36 questionnaire. RESULTS:: We evaluated 107 patients who were assigned to a control group with only CD (G1, 8 patients), a group with CD and possible PH (G2, 93 patients), and a group with CD and echocardiography evidence of PH (G3, 6 patients). The three groups had similar values for PImax and PEmax. Compared to the G1 and G2 groups, the G3 group covered significantly less distance during the 6-min walking test and had a significantly shorter predicted distance (p < 0.05 vs. the G1 group). All three groups had similar values for their spirometry results, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores, and SF-36 questionnaire results. CONCLUSIONS:: Patients with indeterminate chronic CD and symptoms of PH did not experience significant impairment in the studied variables, with the exception of the 6-min walking test, which suggests a low exercise tolerance.
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Ansiedade/etiologia , Doença de Chagas/complicações , Doença de Chagas/fisiopatologia , Depressão/etiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Músculos Respiratórios/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Idoso , Ansiedade/psicologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença de Chagas/psicologia , Doença Crônica , Depressão/psicologia , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Espirometria , Inquéritos e Questionários , Teste de CaminhadaRESUMO
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease (CD) is progressive and incapacitating, especially when cardiopulmonary function is affected. For example, respiratory muscle weakness can cause dyspnea upon exertion and fatigue, which may be exacerbated when it is associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The present study aimed to evaluate respiratory musculature, quality of life, anxiety, and depression among patients with indeterminate chronic CD and symptoms of PH. METHODS: All individuals completed a clinical evaluation, spirometry, a 6-min walking test, respiratory musculature testing using maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) and maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the SF-36 questionnaire. RESULTS: We evaluated 107 patients who were assigned to a control group with only CD (G1, 8 patients), a group with CD and possible PH (G2, 93 patients), and a group with CD and echocardiography evidence of PH (G3, 6 patients). The three groups had similar values for PImax and PEmax. Compared to the G1 and G2 groups, the G3 group covered significantly less distance during the 6-min walking test and had a significantly shorter predicted distance (p < 0.05 vs. the G1 group). All three groups had similar values for their spirometry results, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores, and SF-36 questionnaire results. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with indeterminate chronic CD and symptoms of PH did not experience significant impairment in the studied variables, with the exception of the 6-min walking test, which suggests a low exercise tolerance.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Músculos Respiratórios/fisiopatologia , Doença de Chagas/complicações , Doença de Chagas/fisiopatologia , Depressão/etiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Ansiedade/etiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Espirometria , Ecocardiografia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença Crônica , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Doença de Chagas/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Teste de Caminhada , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The objective was to verify the association between time needed for room cleaning (TLPS) and the surgery size, and related advantages and difficulties faced by the circulator of the room asszgned to this task. A mixed method, with a transverse quantitative, retrospective approach, using a sample of 3095 surgeries performed,from January to June 2011, and a qualitative approach using a Thematic Content Analysis of statements from 11 circulators, was used. The average TLPS was smaller in size 1 surgeries, increasing in sizes 2, 3 and 4, with a significant difference. Advantages reported included organization and size of staff and difficulties reported related to sharp, bladed materials mixed with surgical instruments and a reduced number of cleaning professionals. The larger the size, the higher the TLPS. Surgical teams operating in the Surgical Center interfere directly in the process, facilitating or hindering the achievement of institutional goals related to quality and productivity.
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Enfermagem de Centro Cirúrgico/estatística & dados numéricos , Salas Cirúrgicas/normas , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The objective was to verify the association between time needed for room cleaning (TLPS) and the surgery size, and related advantages and difficulties faced by the circulator of the room assigned to this task. A mixed method, with a transverse quantitative, retrospective approach, using a sample of 3095 surgeries performed, from January to June 2011, and a qualitative approach using a Thematic Content Analysis of statements from 11 circulators, was used. The average TLPS was smaller in size 1 surgeries, increasing in sizes 2, 3 and 4, with a significant difference. Advantages reported included organization and size of staff, and difficulties reported related to sharp, bladed materials mixed with surgical instruments and a reduced number of cleaning professionals. The larger the size, the higher the TLPS. Surgical teams operating in the Surgical Center interfere directly in the process, facilitating or hindering the achievement of institutional goals related to quality and productivity.
El objetivo de comprobar la asociación entre el tiempo de limpieza y preparación de la sala quirúrgica (TLPS) con el porte quirúrgico y relacionar con las ventajas y dificultades asignadas a esta tarea por los circulantes de la sala. Método mezclado con enfoque cuantitativo transversal, retrospectivo, con muestra de 3095 cirugías realizadas de enero a junio de 2011 y; enfoque cualitativo de Análisis de Contenido Temático sobre el discurso de 11 circulantes. El promedio del TLPS fue menor en las cirugías de porte 1 aumentando en portes de 2, 3 y 4, con diferencia significativa. Las facilidades divulgadas fueron sobre organización y dimensionamiento de personal, y las dificultades en materiales afilados mezclados con instrumentos quirúrgicos y número reducido de profesionales de la limpieza. Cuanto mayor sea el porte más grande el TLPS. Los equipos quirúrgicos que operan en el Centro de Cirugía interfieren directamente en el proceso, facilitando o dificultando el logro de objetivos institucionales de calidad y productividad.
Objetivou-se verificar a associação entre tempo de limpeza e preparo de sala cirúrgica (TLPS) com o porte cirúrgico, bem como relacionar facilidades e dificuldades atribuídas a essa tarefa pelos circulantes de sala. Método misto com abordagem quantitativa transversal, retrospectiva, com amostra de 3095 cirurgias realizadas de janeiro a junho de 2011, e abordagem qualitativa pela Análise de Conteúdo Temática acerca do discurso de 11 circulantes. A média do TLPS foi menor nas cirurgias de porte 1, aumentando nos portes 2, 3 e 4 com diferença significativa. As facilidades relatadas foram sobre organização e dimensionamento de pessoal, e as dificuldades, sobre materiais perfurocortantes misturados ao instrumental cirúrgico e número reduzido de profissionais da limpeza. Quanto maior o porte cirúrgico, maior o TLPS. As equipes atuantes no Centro Cirúrgico interferem diretamente no processo, facilitando ou dificultando o alcance das metas institucionais de qualidade e produtividade.
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Enfermagem de Centro Cirúrgico/estatística & dados numéricos , Salas Cirúrgicas/normas , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
RATIONALE AND AIM: The aims of the Cochrane systematic reviews are to make readily available and up-to-date information for clinical practice, offering consistent evidence and straightforward recommendations. In 2004, we evaluated the conclusions from Cochrane systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials in terms of their recommendations for clinical practice and found that 47.83% of them had insufficient evidence for use in clinical practice. We proposed to reanalyze the reviews to evaluate whether this percentage had significantly decreased. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of systematic reviews published in the Cochrane Library (Issue 7, 2011) was conducted. We randomly selected reviews across all 52 Cochrane Collaborative Review Groups. RESULTS: We analyzed 1128 completed systematic reviews. Of these, 45.30% concluded that the interventions studied were likely to be beneficial, of which only 2.04% recommended no further research. In total, 45.04% of the reviews reported that the evidence did not support either benefit or harm, of which 0.8% did not recommend further studies and 44.24% recommended additional studies; the latter has decreased from our previous study with a difference of 3.59%. CONCLUSION: Only a small number of the Cochrane collaboration's systematic reviews support clinical interventions with no need for additional research. A larger number of high-quality randomized clinical trials are necessary to change the 'insufficient evidence' scenario for clinical practice illustrated by the Cochrane database. It is recommended that we should produce higher-quality primary studies in active collaboration and consultation with global scholars and societies so that this can represent a major component of methodological advance in this context.
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Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências/normas , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/normas , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in hemodialysis is still unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with the presence of PH in chronic hemodialysis patients and to verify whether these factors might explain the highest mortality among them. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of hemodialysis patients who started treatment from August 2001 to October 2007 and were followed up until April 2011 in a Brazilian referral medical school. According to the results of echocardiography examination, patients were allocated in two groups: those with PH and those without PH. Clinical parameters, site and type of vascular access, bioimpedance, and laboratorial findings were compared between the groups and a logistic regression model was elaborated. Actuarial survival curves were constructed and hazard risk to death was evaluated by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: PH > 35 mmHg was found in 23 (30.6%) of the 75 patients studied. The groups differed in extracellular water, ventricular thickness, left atrium diameter, and ventricular filling. In a univariate analysis, extracellular water was associated with PH (relative risk = 1.194; 95% CI of 1.006 - 1.416; p = 0.042); nevertheless, in a multiple model, only left atrium enlargement was independently associated with PH (relative risk =1.172; 95% CI of 1.010 - 1.359; p = 0.036). PH (hazard risk = 3.008; 95% CI of 1.285 - 7.043; p = 0.011) and age (hazard risk of 1.034 per year of age; 95% CI of 1.000 - 7.068; p = 0.047) were significantly associated with mortality in a multiple Cox regression analysis. However, when albumin was taken in account the only statistically significant association was between albumin level and mortality (hazard risk = 0.342 per g/dL; 95% CI of 0.119 - 0.984; p = 0.047) while the presence of PH lost its statistical significance (p = 0.184). Mortality was higher in patients with PH (47.8% vs 25%) who also had a statistically worse survival after the sixth year of follow up. CONCLUSIONS: PH in hemodialysis patients is associated with parameters of volume overload that sheds light on its pathophysiology. Mortality is higher in hemodialysis patients with PH and the low albumin level can explain this association.
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Hipertensão Pulmonar/sangue , Hipertensão Pulmonar/mortalidade , Diálise Renal/mortalidade , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/sangue , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/mortalidade , Albumina Sérica/análise , Brasil/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/reabilitação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/reabilitação , Medição de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Tromboembolia pulmonar (TEP) é uma doença comum associada a alta taxa de mortalidade. A morte decorrente de TEP ocorre mais comumente em pacientes não diagnosticados durante o período inicial de internação hospitalar. Assim, a mortalidade pode ser reduzida com o diagnóstico rápido, com estratificação de prognóstico mais precoce e tratamento mais intensivo em pacientes com prognóstico desfavorável. A mortalidade é particularmente elevada em TEP maciça que resulta em choque cardiogênico ou parada cardíaca. Muitos pacientes com TEP apresentam pressão sanguínea normal. No entanto, alguns podem deteriorar-se e apresentar hipotensão sistêmica, choque cardiogênico e morte súbita, apesar do nível terapêutico de anticoagulação. A estratégia da estratificação de risco para identificar tais pacientes com TEP tem surgido como elemento crítico e pode influenciar no tratamento e no prognóstico. Neste artigo o autor aborda diferentes aspectos do tratamento na TEP aguda
Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a common disease associated with a high mortality rate. Death due to PTE occurs more commonly in undiagnosed patients during the initial in-hospital stay. Thus, mortality could be reduced by prompt diagnosis, early prognostic stratification and more intensive treatment in patients with adverse prognosis. Mortality is particularly high in massive PTE resulting in cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest. Most patients with PTE present with normal blood pressure. However, some may rapidly deteriorate and manifest systemic hypotension, cardiogenic shock, and sudden death despite therapeutic levels of anticoagulation. Risk stratification strategy to identify such patients has emerged as a critical component of care and may have an influence on treatment and prognosis. In this article the author approaches about different aspects of the treatment in acute PTE
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Choque Cardiogênico/etiologia , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/mortalidade , Embolia Pulmonar/terapia , Heparina/uso terapêutico , Medição de Risco/métodos , Parada Cardíaca/etiologia , Tempo de Tromboplastina Parcial , Terapia Trombolítica , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , PrognósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical, radiological, and histopathological patterns of transbronchial biopsy (TBB) used in order to confirm the diagnosis in patients with clinical suspicion of interstitial lung disease (ILD) treated at a tertiary-care university hospital. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records, radiology reports, and reports of transbronchial biopsies from all patients with suspected ILD who underwent TBB between January of 1999 and December of 2006 at the Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu, located in the city of Botucatu, Brazil. RESULTS: The study included 56 patients. Of those, 11 (19.6%) had a definitive diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the rate of which was significantly higher in the patients in which ILD was a possible diagnosis in comparison with those in which ILD was the prime suspect (p = 0.011), demonstrating the contribution of TBB to the diagnostic confirmation of these diseases. The histopathological examination of the biopsies revealed that 27.3% of the patients with IPF showed a pattern of organizing pneumonia, which suggests greater disease severity. The most common histological pattern was the indeterminate pattern, reflecting the peripheral characteristic of IPF. However, the fibrosis pattern showed high specificity and high negative predictive value. For CT scan patterns suggestive of IPF, the ROC curve showed that the best relationship between sensitivity and specificity occurred when five radiological alterations were present. Honeycombing was found to be strongly suggestive of IPF (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: For ILDs, chest CT should always be performed, and TBB should be used in specific situations, according to the suspicion and distribution of lesions.
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Biópsia/métodos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Broncoscopia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Estudar os padrões clínicos, radiológicos e histopatológicos da biópsia transbrônquica (BTB) utilizados para a confirmação diagnóstica em pacientes com suspeita clinica de doença pulmonar intersticial (DPI) atendidos em um hospital universitário de nível terciário. MÉTODOS: Os prontuários, laudos radiológicos e de biópsias transbrônquicas de todos os pacientes com suspeita de DPI submetidos a BTB entre janeiro de 1999 e dezembro de 2006 no Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu, localizado na cidade de Botucatu (SP), foram revisados. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 56 pacientes. Desses, 11 (19,6 por cento) apresentaram o diagnóstico definitivo de fibrose pulmonar idiopática (FPI), que foi significativamente maior nos casos nos quais DPI era uma possibilidade diagnóstica em comparação com aqueles nos quais DPI era a principal suspeita (p = 0,011), demonstrando a contribuição da BTB para a definição diagnóstica dessas doenças. O exame histopatológico dessas biópsias revelou que 27,3 por cento dos pacientes com FPI apresentavam o padrão de pneumonia organizante, o que pode sugerir doença mais avançada. O padrão histológico indeterminado foi o mais frequente, refletindo a característica periférica da FPI. Entretanto, o padrão fibrose apresentou alta especificidade e alto valor preditivo negativo. Para os padrões sugestivos de FPI em TC, a curva ROC indicou que a melhor relação entre sensibilidade e especificidade ocorreu com a presença de cinco alterações radiológicas, sendo o aspecto de favo de mel fortemente sugestivo de FPI (p = 0,01). CONCLUSÕES: Nas DPIs, a TC de tórax deve ser sempre realizada e a BTB usada em situações individualizadas, conforme a suspeita e distribuição das lesões.
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical, radiological, and histopathological patterns of transbronchial biopsy (TBB) used in order to confirm the diagnosis in patients with clinical suspicion of interstitial lung disease (ILD) treated at a tertiary-care university hospital. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records, radiology reports, and reports of transbronchial biopsies from all patients with suspected ILD who underwent TBB between January of 1999 and December of 2006 at the Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu, located in the city of Botucatu, Brazil. RESULTS: The study included 56 patients. Of those, 11 (19.6 percent) had a definitive diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the rate of which was significantly higher in the patients in which ILD was a possible diagnosis in comparison with those in which ILD was the prime suspect (p = 0.011), demonstrating the contribution of TBB to the diagnostic confirmation of these diseases. The histopathological examination of the biopsies revealed that 27.3 percent of the patients with IPF showed a pattern of organizing pneumonia, which suggests greater disease severity. The most common histological pattern was the indeterminate pattern, reflecting the peripheral characteristic of IPF. However, the fibrosis pattern showed high specificity and high negative predictive value. For CT scan patterns suggestive of IPF, the ROC curve showed that the best relationship between sensitivity and specificity occurred when five radiological alterations were present. Honeycombing was found to be strongly suggestive of IPF (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: For ILDs, chest CT should always be performed, and TBB should be used in specific situations, according to the suspicion and distribution of lesions.