RESUMO
The objective of this study was to investigate the mRNA expression of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) after gastric bypass surgery (GBS) in rats with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). Thirty-six male Goto-Kakizaki rats, aged 12 weeks, were randomly divided into the GBS, sham operation with diet restriction (SO), and sham operation alone (control) groups (N = 12 per group). Liver specimens from all rats were obtained during the operation and 8 weeks after operation. Blood lipid levels were measured before and 8 weeks after operation. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), food intake, and body weight were recorded at weekly time points after operation. The blood glucose area under the curve (AUC) was calculated, and insulin sensitivity indices (ISI) were assessed. The expression PEPCK mRNA and protein were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Compared with those of the SO and control groups, the blood lipid levels and the FBG in the GBS group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), as was the AUC (P < 0.05), whereas the ISI was significantly increased (P < 0.05). PEPCK mRNA and protein levels in the GBS group were lower than those in the control group, whereas those in the SO group were significantly higher than those in controls (P < 0.05). In conclusion, GBS can reduce blood glucose in T2DM rats while improving glucose tolerance and hyperglycemia, and the mechanism appears to be associated with a decrease of hepatic PEPCK mRNA and protein expression.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Derivação Gástrica , Expressão Gênica , Fígado/metabolismo , Fosfoenolpiruvato Carboxilase/genética , Animais , Área Sob a Curva , Biomarcadores , Glicemia , Peso Corporal , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Insulina/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Fosfoenolpiruvato Carboxilase/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , RatosRESUMO
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may be important mediators of the profound molecular and cellular changes that occur after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the changes and possible roles of miRNAs induced by voluntary exercise prior to TBI are still not known. In this report, the microarray method was used to demonstrate alterations in miRNA expression levels in the cerebral cortex of TBI mice that were pretrained on a running wheel (RW). Voluntary RW exercise prior to TBI: i) significantly decreased the mortality rate and improved the recovery of the righting reflex in TBI mice, and ii) differentially changed the levels of several miRNAs, upregulating some and downregulating others. Furthermore, we revealed global upregulation of miR-21, miR-92a, and miR-874 and downregulation of miR-138, let-7c, and miR-124 expression among the sham-non-runner, TBI-non-runner, and TBI-runner groups. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction data (RT-qPCR) indicated good consistency with the microarray results. Our microarray-based analysis of miRNA expression in mice cerebral cortex after TBI revealed that some miRNAs such as miR-21, miR-92a, miR-874, miR-138, let-7c, and miR-124 could be involved in the prevention and protection afforded by voluntary exercise in a TBI model.
Assuntos
Humanos , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Revisão de Uso de Medicamentos , Anti-Infecciosos/economia , Custos de Medicamentos , Revisão de Uso de Medicamentos/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may be important mediators of the profound molecular and cellular changes that occur after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the changes and possible roles of miRNAs induced by voluntary exercise prior to TBI are still not known. In this report, the microarray method was used to demonstrate alterations in miRNA expression levels in the cerebral cortex of TBI mice that were pretrained on a running wheel (RW). Voluntary RW exercise prior to TBI: i) significantly decreased the mortality rate and improved the recovery of the righting reflex in TBI mice, and ii) differentially changed the levels of several miRNAs, upregulating some and downregulating others. Furthermore, we revealed global upregulation of miR-21, miR-92a, and miR-874 and downregulation of miR-138, let-7c, and miR-124 expression among the sham-non-runner, TBI-non-runner, and TBI-runner groups. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction data (RT-qPCR) indicated good consistency with the microarray results. Our microarray-based analysis of miRNA expression in mice cerebral cortex after TBI revealed that some miRNAs such as miR-21, miR-92a, miR-874, miR-138, let-7c, and miR-124 could be involved in the prevention and protection afforded by voluntary exercise in a TBI model.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/terapia , Córtex Cerebral/lesões , Terapia por Exercício , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Animais , Lesões Encefálicas/metabolismo , Lesões Encefálicas/mortalidade , Regulação para Baixo , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Análise em Microsséries , Reflexo de Endireitamento/fisiologia , Taxa de Sobrevida , Transcrição Gênica/fisiologia , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Interleukin 18 (IL-18), as a member of IL-1 superfamily, is an important pleiotropic cytokine that modulates Th1 immune responses. In this report, we cloned and identified a homolog of IL-18 in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) (designated as AmIL-18) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. The open readin g frame of AmIL-18 cDNA is 579 bp encoding a deduced protein of 192 amino acids. AmIL-18 gDNA fragments contained 5 exons and 4 introns. The amino acid sequence of AmIL-18 shared 23.9 to 87.0% identity with other species. To evaluate the effects of AmIL-18 on the immune response, we expressed the recombinant AmIL-18 in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The fusion protein PET-AmIL-18 was purified by nickel affinity column chromatography and verified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. The biological function of purified PET-AmIL-18 was determined on mouse splenocytes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. INF-γ and other cytokines were increased when stimulated by PET-AmIL-18, particularly when combined with recombinant human interleukin 12, while a Th2-type cytokine, interleukin-4, was strikingly suppressed. These results will provide information for the potential use of recombinant proteins to manipulate the immune response in giant pandas and facilitate the study to protect this treasured species.
Assuntos
Interleucina-18/genética , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Ursidae/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Clonagem Molecular , DNA Complementar/genética , DNA Complementar/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Éxons , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-12/farmacologia , Interleucina-18/imunologia , Interleucina-4/biossíntese , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Íntrons , Leucócitos Mononucleares/citologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Linfócitos/citologia , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/imunologia , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Baço/citologia , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/imunologia , Ursidae/imunologiaRESUMO
Elevated intraocular pressure is recognized as the principal risk factor for development of optic nerve head (ONH) injury. Lamina cribrosa (LC) cells and astrocytes are two types of cells in the ONH. We attempted to identify more target genes and predict their underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we performed meta-analysis of the data from two microarray sets containing samples from LC cells and astrocytes each. Our analysis indicated that 47 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) had been identified, and 24 of them were used to construct a bibliometric network with other related genes, including GSTT1 ENO2, CPE, PTN, PTGDS, IL6, MMP1, and EGFR. Further, our results predicted these genes might be involved in glaucoma development through Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, and glioma and other cancer-related pathways. Therefore our study provides potential target genes and pathways for future therapeutic studies of glaucoma.
Assuntos
Astrócitos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Glaucoma/genética , Traumatismos do Nervo Óptico/genética , Astrócitos/patologia , Bibliometria , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Glaucoma/patologia , Humanos , Disco Óptico/metabolismo , Disco Óptico/patologia , Traumatismos do Nervo Óptico/patologia , ProteômicaRESUMO
In this study, a new disomic addition line, 12-5-2, with 44 chromosomes that was derived from BC3F2 descendants of the hybridization between Triticum aestivum cv. CN19 and Aegilops biuncialis was created and reported. 12-5-2 was immune to both powdery mildew and stripe rust and has stable fertility. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and C-banding revealed that 12-5-2 was a 1U(b) disomic addition line (ADL1U(b)). The seed storage protein electrophoresis showed that 12-5-2 presented all high molecular weight glutenin subunits (7 + 8 and 2 + 12) of CN19 and 2 new subunits that were designated Ux and Uy. Additionally, the flour quality parameters showed that the protein content, Zeleny sedimentation value, wet gluten content, and grain hardness of 12-5-2 were significantly higher than those of its parent CN19. Moreover, 5 pairs of the chromosome 1U(b)-specific polymerase chain reaction-based landmark unique gene markers, TNAC1021, TNAC1041, TNAC1071, TNAC1-01, and TNAC1-04, were also obtained. The new ADL1U(b) 12-5-2 could be a valuable source for wheat improvement, especially for wheat end-product quality and resistance to disease.