RESUMO

The Port of Salvador (12°58'S, 38°30'W) receives cargo ships from different regions such as southeast Asia, North Atlantic, Mediterranean, Africa, North and South America. Thus, the presence of this port enhances the probability of new species arriving and establishing in Todos os Santos Bay (TSB), in which the port is located. Ascidians are sessile filter-feeding invertebrates with short lived larvae and thus are good indicators of bioinvasion. We surveyed the ascidian fauna on three different occasions: August 1999, June 2004 and December 2007. Nineteen species were identified belonging to the following families: Ascidiidae (Phallusia nigra, Ascidia cf. multitentaculata, A. nordestina, A. papillata, A. scalariforme, A. cf. tapuni, A. tenue), Corellidae (Rhodosoma turcicum), Pyuridae (Microcosmus anchylodeirus, M. exasperatus, M. helleri, Pyura vittata, Herdmania pallida), and Styelidae (Polycarpa cf. reviviscens, P. spongiabilis, P. tumida, Polycarpa sp., Styela canopus, Cnemidocarpa irene). Only A. nordestina, A. papillata, A. scalariforme and P. spongiabilis are possibly native to this region, while P. tumida and C. irene were classified as introduced. Microcosmus anchylodeirus, H. pallida, P. vittata, M. exasperatus, M. helleri, S. canopus, A. cf. multitentaculata, A. tenue and P. nigra were classified as cryptogenic. Most are widely distributed in all oceans and their native geographic distribution is unknown, while A. cf. multitentaculata and A. tenue occur only in the Atlantic, with disjunct distributions. Polycarpa cf. reviviscens, P. tumida and M. anchylodeirus are registered for the first time on the coast of Brazil. Colonial ascidians from this collection are still being studied. The large number of cryptogenic and introduced species indicates the necessity of monitoring TSB for expansion of these populations and the need for the establishment of control programs.

RESUMO

The Port of Salvador (12°58'S, 38°30'W) receives cargo ships from different regions such as southeast Asia, North Atlantic, Mediterranean, Africa, North and South America. Thus, the presence of this port enhances the probability of new species arriving and establishing in Todos os Santos Bay (TSB), in which the port is located. Ascidians are sessile filter-feeding invertebrates with short lived larvae and thus are good indicators of bioinvasion. We surveyed the ascidian fauna on three different occasions: August 1999, June 2004 and December 2007. Nineteen species were identified belonging to the following families: Ascidiidae (Phallusia nigra, Ascidia cf. multitentaculata, A. nordestina, A. papillata, A. scalariforme, A. cf. tapuni, A. tenue), Corellidae (Rhodosoma turcicum), Pyuridae (Microcosmus anchylodeirus, M. exasperatus, M. helleri, Pyura vittata, Herdmania pallida), and Styelidae (Polycarpa cf. reviviscens, P. spongiabilis, P. tumida, Polycarpa sp., Styela canopus, Cnemidocarpa irene). Only A. nordestina, A. papillata, A. scalariforme and P. spongiabilis are possibly native to this region, while P. tumida and C. irene were classified as introduced. Microcosmus anchylodeirus, H. pallida, P. vittata, M. exasperatus, M. helleri, S. canopus, A. cf. multitentaculata, A. tenue and P. nigra were classified as cryptogenic. Most are widely distributed in all oceans and their native geographic distribution is unknown, while A. cf. multitentaculata and A. tenue occur only in the Atlantic, with disjunct distributions. Polycarpa cf. reviviscens, P. tumida and M. anchylodeirus are registered for the first time on the coast of Brazil. Colonial ascidians from this collection are still being studied. The large number of cryptogenic and introduced species indicates the necessity of monitoring TSB for expansion of these populations and the need for the establishment of control programs.

RESUMO

The Port of Salvador (12°58'S, 38°30'W) receives cargo ships from different regions such as southeast Asia, North Atlantic, Mediterranean, Africa, North and South America. Thus, the presence of this port enhances the probability of new species arriving and establishing in Todos os Santos Bay (TSB), in which the port is located. Ascidians are sessile filter-feeding invertebrates with short lived larvae and thus are good indicators of bioinvasion. We surveyed the ascidian fauna on three different occasions: August 1999, June 2004 and December 2007. Nineteen species were identified belonging to the following families: Ascidiidae (Phallusia nigra, Ascidia cf. multitentaculata, A. nordestina, A. papillata, A. scalariforme, A. cf. tapuni, A. tenue), Corellidae (Rhodosoma turcicum), Pyuridae (Microcosmus anchylodeirus, M. exasperatus, M. helleri, Pyura vittata, Herdmania pallida), and Styelidae (Polycarpa cf. reviviscens, P. spongiabilis, P. tumida, Polycarpa sp., Styela canopus, Cnemidocarpa irene). Only A. nordestina, A. papillata, A. scalariforme and P. spongiabilis are possibly native to this region, while P. tumida and C. irene were classified as introduced. Microcosmus anchylodeirus, H. pallida, P. vittata, M. exasperatus, M. helleri, S. canopus, A. cf. multitentaculata, A. tenue and P. nigra were classified as cryptogenic. Most are widely distributed in all oceans and their native geographic distribution is unknown, while A. cf. multitentaculata and A. tenue occur only in the Atlantic, with disjunct distributions. Polycarpa cf. reviviscens, P. tumida and M. anchylodeirus are registered for the first time on the coast of Brazil. Colonial ascidians from this collection are still being studied. The large number of cryptogenic and introduced species indicates the necessity of monitoring TSB for expansion of these populations and the need for the establishment of control programs.

RESUMO

Arquipélago de Alcatrazes (24º06'S, 45º42'W) is 36 km off the coast and it is an Ecological Station since 1987. It is also located near the port region of São Sebastião, São Paulo, hence subjected to introduction of exotic species. Forty samples were taken in the principal island of the archipelago to detect possible introductions. Fifteen samples were from Baía do Oratório and 25 from Saco do Funil. Twenty four species distributed in seven families were found. Only five of them were classified as native, four are Atlantic but cryptogenic in the region because of the disjunct distribution; five are cryptogenic with world wide distribution; and one is a certain introduction, Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767). There are other nine species that were not identified, a few of them possibly new species. The presence of one introduced species and the high number of cryptogenic species with strong evidence of introduction indicate that the islands are threatened by non-native fauna. The conservation of the Archipelago demands consideration of the port as one source of stress and the control of exotic species as an important aspect of the management procedures.

O Arquipélago de Alcatrazes (24º06'S, 45º42'W) localiza-se a 36 km da costa e constitui uma Estação Ecológica desde 1987. Estando próximo à região portuária de São Sebastião, São Paulo, está sujeito à introdução de espécies exóticas. Com o objetivo de detectar se está ocorrendo ou não introdução de espécies, foram coletados 40 exemplares de ascídias da principal ilha do arquipélago, a Ilha de Alcatrazes, sendo 15 amostras da Baía do Oratório e 25 do Saco do Funil. Foram encontradas 24 espécies em sete famílias. Dentre estas, apenas cinco espécies podem ser consideradas como nativas para o Atlântico; quatro são atlânticas, mas criptogênicas na região devido à distribuição disjunta; cinco são classificadas como criptogênicas de ampla distribuição mundial; e uma pode ser considerada como um caso certo de introdução, Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767). Há ainda nove espécies que não puderam ser identificadas, podendo algumas se tratar de espécies novas. A presença de uma espécie exótica e a grande quantidade de espécies criptogênicas com forte evidência de introdução são indícios de que as ilhas estão sendo ameaçadas por uma fauna não nativa. A conservação do Arquipélago deve levar em consideração a presença do porto como fonte de estresse e o controle das espécies introduzidas como parte do plano de manejo da Unidade de Conservação.

RESUMO

Arquipélago de Alcatrazes (24º06'S, 45º42'W) is 36 km off the coast and it is an Ecological Station since 1987. It is also located near the port region of São Sebastião, São Paulo, hence subjected to introduction of exotic species. Forty samples were taken in the principal island of the archipelago to detect possible introductions. Fifteen samples were from Baía do Oratório and 25 from Saco do Funil. Twenty four species distributed in seven families were found. Only five of them were classified as native, four are Atlantic but cryptogenic in the region because of the disjunct distribution; five are cryptogenic with world wide distribution; and one is a certain introduction, Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767). There are other nine species that were not identified, a few of them possibly new species. The presence of one introduced species and the high number of cryptogenic species with strong evidence of introduction indicate that the islands are threatened by non-native fauna. The conservation of the Archipelago demands consideration of the port as one source of stress and the control of exotic species as an important aspect of the management procedures.

O Arquipélago de Alcatrazes (24º06'S, 45º42'W) localiza-se a 36 km da costa e constitui uma Estação Ecológica desde 1987. Estando próximo à região portuária de São Sebastião, São Paulo, está sujeito à introdução de espécies exóticas. Com o objetivo de detectar se está ocorrendo ou não introdução de espécies, foram coletados 40 exemplares de ascídias da principal ilha do arquipélago, a Ilha de Alcatrazes, sendo 15 amostras da Baía do Oratório e 25 do Saco do Funil. Foram encontradas 24 espécies em sete famílias. Dentre estas, apenas cinco espécies podem ser consideradas como nativas para o Atlântico; quatro são atlânticas, mas criptogênicas na região devido à distribuição disjunta; cinco são classificadas como criptogênicas de ampla distribuição mundial; e uma pode ser considerada como um caso certo de introdução, Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767). Há ainda nove espécies que não puderam ser identificadas, podendo algumas se tratar de espécies novas. A presença de uma espécie exótica e a grande quantidade de espécies criptogênicas com forte evidência de introdução são indícios de que as ilhas estão sendo ameaçadas por uma fauna não nativa. A conservação do Arquipélago deve levar em consideração a presença do porto como fonte de estresse e o controle das espécies introduzidas como parte do plano de manejo da Unidade de Conservação.