RESUMO
Gratitude can be understood as a guide for life and ability to perceive and appreciate the positive in the world. The present study aimed to map how many and which instruments are available to measure gratitude, the circumstances of the evaluation and the predominant population. This systematic review located papers in four databases, resulting in a total of 36 papers. Of these, 16 original scales were found, and the remainder indicated as adaptations and validations. The main results show the numerical disparity of the perception of gratitude between genders and in relation to the age group evaluated. GQ-6 and GRAT are the most frequently used scales, with a greater variety of contexts and application audiences. The measures used to assess consistency have demonstrated, in most studies, concise reliability. It concludes by bringing the need for greater access to validated gratitude measures, in addition to the progress in the discussion regarding mental health
A gratidão pode ser entendida como orientação para vida e capacidade de perceber e apreciar o positivo no mundo. O presente estudo objetivou mapear quantos e quais instrumentos estão disponíveis para mensuração da gratidão, as circunstâncias da avaliação e população predominante. Esta revisão sistemática localizou artigos em quatro bases de dados, resultando em um total de 36 artigos. Destes, foram encontradas 16 escalas originais e o restante indicado como adaptações e validações. Os principais resultados demonstram a disparidade numérica da percepção de gratidão entre gêneros e em relação à faixa etária avaliada. GQ-6 e GRAT são as escalas usadas com mais frequência, tendo maior variedade de contextos e públicos de aplicação. As medidas utilizadas para avaliação da consistência demonstraram, na maioria dos estudos, fidedignidade concisas. Conclui-se trazendo a necessidade de maior acesso a medidas de gratidão validadas, além do avanço na discussão referente à saúde mental
La gratitud se entiende como una guía para la vida y la capacidad de percibir y apreciar lo positivo del mundo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo mapear cuántos y qué instrumentos están disponibles para medir la gratitud, cuales circunstancias de la evaluación y la población predominante. Esta revisión sistemática ubicó artículos en cuatro bases de datos, lo que resultó en un total de 36 artículos. De estas, se encontraron 16 escalas originales y el resto se indicó como adaptaciones y validaciones. Los principales resultados muestran la disparidad numérica de la percepción de gratitud entre géneros y en relación al grupo de edad evaluado. GQ-6 y GRAT son las escalas más utilizadas, con una mayor variedad de contextos y públicos de aplicación. Las medidas utilizadas para evaluar la coherencia han demostrado, en la mayoría de los estudios, una fiabilidad concisa. Se concluye planteando la necesidad de un mayor acceso a medidas de gratitud validadas, además de los avances en la discusión sobre salud mental
Assuntos
Emoções , Escala de Avaliação Comportamental , Saúde MentalRESUMO
This work presents an innovative application of Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) in order to detect early degradation of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters (MOSAs). This technique has been widely used in power transformers, but has never been applied to MOSAs. It consists in comparisons of spectra, measured at different instants of the lifetime of the arrester. Differences between these spectra are an indicator that some electrical properties of the arrester have changed. An incremental deterioration test has been performed on arrester samples (with controlled circulation of leakage current, which increases the energy dissipation over the device), and the FRA spectra correctly identified the progression of damage. Although preliminary, the FRA results seemed promising, and it is expected that this technology could be used as another diagnostic tool for arresters.
RESUMO
Abstract The continuity of an electrical system's services is linked to its equipment's correct operation. The more correctly they worked, the higher the quality of the services provided. Thus, they must have their functioning scanned closely and that minor defects have their evolution monitored. This fact creates the possibility of making predictions about how long equipment can operate without compromising the system's continuity. This follow-up is proper for predictive maintenance. This paper presents three on-going COPEL Generation and Transmission projects in essential elements of its electrical system: circuit breakers, lightning arresters, and SF6 substation. The central idea of all monitoring projects is to check the early problem in this equipment and facilities.
Assuntos
Manutenção Preventiva , Monitoramento Ambiental , Equipamentos e Provisões Elétricas , Pesquisa AplicadaRESUMO
The current pricing process of raw milk in Brazil discourages producers from improving milk composition, which affects both yield and quality of dairy products. Furthermore, small and medium-sized dairies face great difficulties when it comes to planning production. Thus, a linear programming model was developed to price the raw milk and determine the optimal mix (combination of quantities) of dairy products that maximizes total contribution margin (TCM) under daily scenarios of high (January) and low (July) raw milk supplies (summer and winter, respectively) by comparing optimal solutions with actual results. The TCM of optimal and actual mixes were higher in January due to the greater availability of raw material. Packaging was a limiting factor in the production of cheese in optimal mixes. The relationship between unit contribution margin (UCM) and the required amount of raw materials per product unit and resource availability is crucial to defining the mix of dairy products and TCM of the dairy. Casein and raw milk volume showed shadow prices. Under both scenarios, the calculated prices of raw milk were higher than the prices charged by the dairy and were higher in January. The proposed model remunerates the producers based on the quantity and quality of raw milk. The dairy can maximize its TCM by better planning its mix of products with the use of linear programming.
Assuntos
Indústria de Laticínios/economia , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , RemuneraçãoRESUMO
The current pricing process of raw milk in Brazil discourages producers from improving milk composition, which affects both yield and quality of dairy products. Furthermore, small and medium-sized dairies face great difficulties when it comes to planning production. Thus, a linear programming model was developed to price the raw milk and determine the optimal mix (combination of quantities) of dairy products that maximizes total contribution margin (TCM) under daily scenarios of high (January) and low (July) raw milk supplies (summer and winter, respectively) by comparing optimal solutions with actual results. The TCM of optimal and actual mixes were higher in January due to the greater availability of raw material. Packaging was a limiting factor in the production of cheese in optimal mixes. The relationship between unit contribution margin (UCM) and the required amount of raw materials per product unit and resource availability is crucial to defining the mix of dairy products and TCM of the dairy. Casein and raw milk volume showed shadow prices. Under both scenarios, the calculated prices of raw milk were higher than the prices charged by the dairy and were higher in January. The proposed model remunerates the producers based on the quantity and quality of raw milk. The dairy can maximize its TCM by better planning its mix of products with the use of linear programming.(AU)