RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Changed temperature not only threaten agricultural production, but they also affect individual biological behavior, population and community of many insects, and consequently reduce the stability of our ecosystem. Insect's ability to respond to temperature stress evolved through a complex adaptive process, thus resulting in varied temperature tolerance among different insects. Both high and low extreme temperatures are detrimental to insect development since they constitute an important abiotic stress capable of inducing abnormal biological responses. Many studies on heat or cold tolerance of ladybirds have focused on measurements of physiological and biochemical indexes such as supercooling point, higher/lower lethal temperatures, survival rate, dry body weight, water content, and developmental duration. And studies of the molecular mechanisms of ladybird responses to heat or cold stress have focused on single genes, such as those encoding heat shock proteins, but has not been analyzed by transcriptome profiling. RESULTS: In this study, we report the use of Digital Gene Expression (DGE) tag profiling to gain insight into transcriptional events associated with heat- and cold-stress in C. montrouzieri. About 6 million tags (49 bp in length) were sequenced in a heat stress group, a cold stress group and a negative control group. We obtained 687 and 573 genes that showed significantly altered expression levels following heat and cold shock treatments, respectively. Analysis of the global gene expression pattern suggested that 42 enzyme-encoding genes mapped to many Gene Ontology terms are associated with insect's response to heat- and cold-stress. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a global assessment of genes and molecular mechanisms involved in heat and cold tolerance.
Assuntos
Resposta ao Choque Frio/genética , Besouros/genética , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Transcriptoma , Animais , Temperatura Baixa , Besouros/classificação , Besouros/enzimologia , Primers do DNA , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Biblioteca Gênica , Ontologia Genética , Genes de Insetos/fisiologia , Temperatura Alta , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Estresse Fisiológico/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Changed temperature not only threaten agricultural production, but they also affect individual biological behavior, population and community of many insects, and consequently reduce the stability of our ecosystem. Insect's ability to respond to temperature stress evolved through a complex adaptive process, thus resulting in varied temperature tolerance among different insects. Both high and low extreme temperatures are detrimental to insect development since they constitute an important abiotic stress capable of inducing abnormal biological responses. Many studies on heat or cold tolerance of ladybirds have focused on measurements of physiological and biochemical indexes such as supercooling point, higher/lower lethal temperatures, survival rate, dry body weight, water content, and developmental duration. And studies of the molecular mechanisms of ladybird responses to heat or cold stress have focused on single genes, such as those encoding heat shock proteins, but has not been analyzed by transcriptome profiling. RESULTS: In this study, we report the use of Digital Gene Expression (DGE) tag profiling to gain insight into transcriptional events associated with heat- and cold-stress in C. montrouzieri. About 6 million tags (49 bp in length) were sequenced in a heat stress group, a cold stress group and a negative control group. We obtained 687 and 573 genes that showed significantly altered expression levels following heat and cold shock treatments, respectively. Analysis of the global gene expression pattern suggested that 42 enzyme-encoding genes mapped to many Gene Ontology terms are associated with insect's response to heat- and cold-stress. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a global assessment of genes and molecular mechanisms involved in heat and cold tolerance.
Assuntos
Animais , Besouros/genética , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Resposta ao Choque Frio/genética , Transcriptoma , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Besouros/classificação , Besouros/enzimologia , Biblioteca Gênica , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Genes de Insetos/fisiologia , Temperatura Baixa , Primers do DNA , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Ontologia Genética , Temperatura AltaRESUMO
Gallic acid was artificially added to the media to grow Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum to investigate its effect on the pathogenic fungus. Results indicate that gallic acid inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp.niveum. The colony diameter, the conidia germinating rate and the conidia yield were reduced by 5.7-22.9%%, 35.8-55.6% and 38.9-62.2% respectively. However, the virulence factors by the fungus were stimulated. The activity of pectinase, proteinase and cellulase increased by 12.3-627.8%, 11.8-41.2% and 0.5-325.0% respectively, while the activity of amylase increased slightly. The results suggest that gallic acid repressed growth but facilitated the relative pathogenicity of invading pathogens.