RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mobile phone text messaging (SMS) has the potential to promote adherence to tuberculosis treatment. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence on the effectiveness of SMS interventions in improving patients' adherence to tuberculosis treatment. METHODS: We searched electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Science Citation Index), reference lists of relevant articles, conference proceedings, and selected websites for eligible studies available by 15 February 2013; regardless of language or publication status. Two authors independently screened selected eligible studies, and assessed risk of bias in included studies; resolving discrepancies by discussion and consensus. RESULTS: We identified four studies that compared the outcomes of the SMS intervention group with controls. Only one of the four studies was a randomized controlled trial. This was conducted in Argentina and the SMS intervention did not significantly improve adherence to tuberculosis treatment compared to self-administration of tuberculosis treatment (risk ratio [RR] 1.49, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.90 to 2.42). One of the non-randomized studies, conducted in South Africa, which compared SMS reminders to directly observed therapy short course (DOTS) reported similar rates of tuberculosis cure (62.35% vs. 66.4%) and treatment success (72.94% vs. 69.4%). A second study from South Africa, utilized SMS reminders when patients delayed in opening their pill bottles and reported increased tuberculosis cure (RR 2.32, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.36) and smear conversion (RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.42) rates compared to DOTS. In the third non-randomized study, conducted in Kenya, use of SMS reminders increased rates of clinic attendance on scheduled days compared to standard care (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.29). Using the GRADE approach, we rate the quality of the evidence as low, mainly because of the high risk of bias and heterogeneity of effects across studies. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review indicates that there is a paucity of high-quality data on the effectiveness of SMS interventions for improving patients' adherence to tuberculosis treatment. The low quality of the current evidence implies that further studies (in particular randomized trials) on the subject are needed. In the interim, if the intervention is implemented outside research settings an impact evaluation is warranted.
Assuntos
Adesão à Medicação , Envio de Mensagens de Texto , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose/psicologia , Argentina , Telefone Celular/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Quênia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , África do Sul , Envio de Mensagens de Texto/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The MERIT study evaluated maraviroc versus efavirenz, both with zidovudine/lamivudine, in treatment-naïve patients with CCR5-tropic (R5) HIV-1. Post hoc analyses previously assessed week 48 outcomes in patients rescreened with R5 virus by a more sensitive tropism assay. METHODS: Week 96 efficacy (post hoc, n = 614) and safety (n = 721) were assessed. RESULTS: Proportions of subjects <50 copies/mL (58.8% maraviroc, 62.7% efavirenz) and time to loss of virologic response (TLOVR) responders (<50 copies/mL: 60.5% vs 60.7%) were similar. Maraviroc recipients had greater CD4 increases (+ 212 vs + 171 cells/mm(3)) and fewer adverse event discontinuations (6.1% vs 15.5%), malignancies, and category C events. CONCLUSION: Week 96 data confirm week 48 observations in MERIT.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Benzoxazinas/uso terapêutico , Cicloexanos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Fusão de HIV/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , HIV-1 , Lamivudina/uso terapêutico , Triazóis/uso terapêutico , Zidovudina/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Alcinos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Benzoxazinas/efeitos adversos , Antagonistas dos Receptores CCR5 , Cicloexanos/efeitos adversos , Ciclopropanos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Inibidores da Fusão de HIV/efeitos adversos , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Humanos , Lamivudina/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Maraviroc , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Triazóis/efeitos adversos , Zidovudina/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We assessed mortality associated with immunologic and virologic patterns of response at 6 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-infected individuals from resource-limited countries in Africa and South America. METHODS: Patients who initiated HAART between 1996 and 2007, aged 16 years or older, and had at least 1 measurement (HIV-1 RNA plasma viral load or CD4 cell count) at 6 months of therapy (3-9 month window) were included. Therapy response was categorized as complete, discordant (virologic only or immunologic only), and absent. Associations between 6-month response to therapy and all-cause mortality were assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression. Robust standard errors were calculated to account for intrasite correlation. RESULTS: A total of 7160 patients, corresponding to 15,107 person-years, were analyzed. In multivariable analysis adjusted for age at HAART initiation, baseline clinical stage and CD4 cell count, year of HAART initiation, clinic, occurrence of an AIDS-defining condition within the first 6 months of treatment, and discordant and absent responses were associated with increased risk of death. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to reports from high-income countries, discordant immunologic and virologic responses were associated with intermediate risk of death compared with complete and no response in this large cohort of HIV-1 patients from resource-limited countries. Our results support a recommendation for wider availability of plasma viral load testing to monitor antiretroviral therapy in these settings.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/mortalidade , HIV-1 , Adulto , África/epidemiologia , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/mortalidade , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , América do Sul/epidemiologia , Carga ViralRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Apricitabine (formerly AVX754 and SPD754) is a deoxycytidine analogue nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor in clinical development for patients with HIV disease. This study evaluated the antiretroviral efficacy, tolerability and safety of apricitabine monotherapy, administered for 10 days in antiretroviral-naive, HIV-1 infected adults. METHODS: Adult patients (> or = 18 years) with HIV infection (CD4 count > or = 250 cells/microl; plasma HIV-1 RNA level 5000-100 000 copies/ml) were randomized to 10 days' double-blind oral therapy with placebo or apricitabine 400 mg/day, 800 mg/day, 1200 mg/day, or 1600 mg/day. RESULTS: At 7 days, all apricitabine doses produced statistically significant log10 reductions in plasma HIV RNA levels from baseline relative to placebo (n = 13; P < 0.0001), as follows: -1.16 (400 mg; n = 11), -1.28 (800 mg; n = 12), -1.44 (1200 mg; n = 14), -1.30 (1600 mg; n = 13). After 10 days, the log10 viral load reductions with apricitabine 1200 mg (-1.65; P = 0.01) and 1600 mg/day (-1.58; P = 0.04) were significantly greater than that with the 400-mg dose (-1.18). No clinically relevant changes were observed in CD4 or CD8 cell indices. Apricitabine was well tolerated and showed no tendency to select any particular resistance mutation. CONCLUSION: Apricitabine monotherapy showed promising antiretroviral efficacy, good tolerability and a low propensity for resistance selection in antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected patients treated for 10 days. These results warrant further evaluation of the long-term clinical efficacy and tolerability of apricitabine.