RESUMO
Hermaphroditism is a term used to describe animals that have genitals of both genders. This anomaly has been described in reptiles such as lizards and snakes. The jabuti species Geochelone carbonaria hull has a high and very concave bone which is covered by corneal plates with yellow spots at the center, and collect the neck caudally into the hull. Although sexual dimorphism is externally quite clear, the females have straight plastron, while the male presents a clear concave plastron that serves to facilitate the mounting and a well developed penis having the size of the animal body. However, hermaphroditism in this species can only be confirmed with additional exams. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento Sexual/veterinária , Ocitocina/administração & dosagem , Répteis/anatomia & histologia , Radiografia/métodos , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos/veterináriaRESUMO
Hermaphroditism is a term used to describe animals that have genitals of both genders. This anomaly has been described in reptiles such as lizards and snakes. The jabuti species Geochelone carbonaria hull has a high and very concave bone which is covered by corneal plates with yellow spots at the center, and collect the neck caudally into the hull. Although sexual dimorphism is externally quite clear, the females have straight plastron, while the male presents a clear concave plastron that serves to facilitate the mounting and a well developed penis having the size of the animal body. However, hermaphroditism in this species can only be confirmed with additional exams.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento Sexual/veterinária , Ocitocina/administração & dosagem , Répteis/anatomia & histologia , Radiografia/métodos , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos/veterináriaRESUMO
When the currently used larval surveillance system (visual inspection) for the dengue vector Aedes aegypti was compared with the surveillance for the presence of eggs by ovitrapping in Port of Spain, Trinidad, it was found that the latter (39.1%) was significantly more sensitive than the visual inspection system (10.1%). At the same time, the presence of the nuisance mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus was detected in 38.4% of the households. Both Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus showed preference for ovipositional attractants in ovitraps: hay infusion > yeast suspension > plain tap water. Although all the socioeconomic and geographic areas produced both mosquito species in 1996, upper middle class (UMC) areas (8.6-43.4%) produced more Ae. aegypti than did lower middle class (LMC) areas (7.8-38.8%), which produced more than working class (WC) areas (3.9-29.9%). For Cx. quinquefasciatus, the order of production was reversed with WC areas (50.1%) > LMC areas (30.0%) > UMC areas (26.0%). Change in vector surveillance strategies incorporating some ovitrapping and stratified sampling are recommended for Caribbean countries.
Assuntos
Aedes , Dengue/transmissão , Insetos Vetores , Animais , Culex , Feminino , Oviposição , Vigilância da População , Estações do Ano , Trinidad e TobagoRESUMO
When the currently used larval surveillance system (visual inspection) for the dengue vector Aedes aegypti was compared with the surveillance for the presence of eggs by ovitrapping in Port of Spain, Trinidad, it was found that the latter (39.1 percent) was significantly more sensitive than the visual inspection system (10.1 percent). At the same time, the presence of the nuisance mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus was detected in 38.4 percent of the households. Both Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus showed preference for ovipositional attractants in ovitraps: hay infusion > yeast suspension > plain tap water. Although all the socioeconomic and geographic areas produced both mosquito species in 1996, upper middle class (UMC) areas (8.6-43.4 percent), produced more Ae. aegypti than did lower middle class (LMC) area 7.8-38.8 percent), which produced more than working class (WC) areas (3.9-29.9 percent). For Cx. quinquefasciatus, the order of production was reversed with WC areas (50.1 percent) > LMC areas (30.0 percent) > UMC areas (26.0 percent). Change in vector surveillance strategies incorporating some ovitrapping and stratified sampling are recommended for Caribbean countries(AU)
Assuntos
21003 , Estudo Comparativo , Feminino , Aedes , Dengue/transmissão , Insetos Vetores , Culex , Oviposição , Vigilância da População , Estações do Ano , Trinidad e TobagoRESUMO
When the currently used larval surveillance system (visual inspection) for the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Linn.) was compared with the surveillance for the presence of gravid females by ovitrapping in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, it was found that the latter (39 percent) was significantly (p<0.001) more sensitive than the visual inspection system (10 percent). At the same time, the presence of the nuisance mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) was detected in 38 percent of the households. Both Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus showed preference for ovipositional attractants in ovitraps: hay infusion > yeast suspension > plain tap water (p,0.001). While the socio-economic and geographical areas produced both mosquito species in 1996, upper middle class (UMC) areas (35- 25 percent) produced more Ae. aegypti than lower middle class (LMC) areas (32- 37 percent), which produced more than working class (WC) areas (28-29 percent ). For Cx. quinquefasciatus, the order of production was reversed with WC areas (44-53 percent)> LMC areas (21- 30 percent) > UMC areas (9- 27percent). Change in vector surveillance strategies incorporating some ovitrapping and stratified sampling are recommended for member countries. These data will help improve management strategies aimed at further reduction of the prevalence of these two mosquito species in urban areas. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Dengue/epidemiologia , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , Insetos Vetores , Aedes/virologia , Trinidad e TobagoRESUMO
When 15 Caribbean strains of copepods (Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae) were assessed for their predation ability against mosquito larvae, Macrocyclops albidus from Nariva, Mesocyclops aspericornis from Oropouche and Me.longisetus from El Socorro, Trinidad, were most effective against Aedes aegypti but not against the nuisance mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. Me.longisetus and Me.aspericornis prevented any mosquito survival over 25 weeks of observation despite weekly challenges with Aedes aegypti. The copepods were tolerant to dosages of the insecticide temephos which are usually toxic to mosquito larvae. This indicated their ability to be incorporated into an integrated control system of biological and chemical components. Microbial studies done on the copepods showed the presence of only Aeromonas sobria, Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes and gram-positive bacilli. The application of these copepods has not yet been recommended for use in drinking water (AU)