RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study collected retrospective data on adolescent binge drinking (ABD) (5 drinks for boys, 4 for girls per occasion at least once per month) and/or extreme adolescent binge drinking (EABD) (10 or more drinks per occasion at least once per month) and tested for associations with demographic and diagnostics variables including alcohol and other substance use disorders (AUD/SUD). METHODS: Cross-sectional data were collected from young adult (age 18-30 yrs) American Indians (AI) (nâ=â534) and Mexican Americans (MA) (nâ=â704) using a semi-structured diagnostic instrument. RESULTS: Thirty percent (30%) of the sample reported ABD and 21% reported EABD. Those having had monthly ABD were more likely to be AI and have less education; those having had EABD were more likely to be AI, male, younger, have less education and lower economic status compared to participants without ABD. ABD/EABD was associated with higher impulsivity, a family history of AUD, and lower level of response to alcohol (ORsâ=â1.0-2.0), as well as with adult AUD (ORsâ=â3.7-48), other substance use disorders (ORsâ=â3.5-9), and conduct disorder/ antisocial personality disorder (ORsâ=â2.0-2.6), but not with anxiety/depression. Monthly EABD further increased the odds of AUD/SUD. CONCLUSIONS: Although binge drinking was more common in AI compared to MA, there were little effects of race in individual risk factor analyses. Monthly ABD and EABD were common among these AI/MA as adolescents, and, as with other ethnic groups, these drinking patterns resulted in highly significant increases in the odds of developing alcohol and other substance use disorders in young adulthood.
Assuntos
Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Indígena Americano ou Nativo do AlascaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Electrophysiological variables may represent sensitive biomarkers of vulnerability to or endophenotypes for alcohol use disorders (AUD). METHODS: Young adults (age 18-30 yrs, nâ¯=â¯580) of Mexican American heritage were assessed with the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism and event-related oscillations (EROs) generated in response to a task that used pictures of objects, food, and alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related drinks as stimuli. RESULTS: Decreases in energy in the alpha and beta frequencies and higher phase synchrony within cortical brain areas were seen in response to the alcohol-related as compared to the non-alcohol-related stimuli. Differences in ERO energy and synchrony responses to alcohol-related stimuli were also found as a function of age, sex, AUD status and comorbidity. Age-related decreases in energy and increases in synchrony were found. Females had significantly higher energy and lower synchrony values than males. Participants with AUD had higher synchrony values specifically in the beta frequencies, whereas those with a lifetime diagnosis of conduct disorder and/or antisocial personality disorder had lower alpha power and synchrony, and those with any affective disorder had lower ERO energy in the beta frequencies. Those with substance-associated affective "dark-side" symptoms had slower reaction times to the task, lower energy in the beta frequencies, lower local synchrony in the theta frequencies, and higher long-range synchrony in the delta and beta frequencies. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that EROs recorded to alcohol-related stimuli may be biomarkers of comorbid risk factors, symptoms and disorders associated with AUD that also can differentiate those with "dark-side symptoms".
Assuntos
Sintomas Afetivos/fisiopatologia , Alcoolismo/fisiopatologia , Potenciais Evocados , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Adolescente , Adulto , Sintomas Afetivos/etnologia , Sintomas Afetivos/psicologia , Fatores Etários , Alcoolismo/etnologia , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Ritmo alfa , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/etnologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/fisiopatologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Ritmo beta , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Comorbidade , Transtorno da Conduta/etnologia , Transtorno da Conduta/fisiopatologia , Transtorno da Conduta/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/genética , Transtornos do Humor/etnologia , Transtornos do Humor/fisiopatologia , Transtornos do Humor/psicologia , Tempo de Reação , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
RATIONALE: Binge drinking during adolescence is common, and adolescents and young adults with alcohol problems may also have sleep difficulties. However, few studies have documented the effects of a history of adolescent binge drinking on sleep in young adulthood in high-risk minority populations. OBJECTIVES: To quantify sleep disturbance, as indexed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), in a sample of young adult Mexican American and American Indian men and women (18-30 years, n = 800) with and without a history of alcohol binge drinking during adolescence, controlling for age, gender, and race. RESULTS: Gender was found to affect PSQI responses with females reporting waking up at night, having more bad dreams, and later habitual bedtimes than males, and males reporting more problems with breathing and snoring. Increasing age was associated with snoring or coughing, less hours spent in bed, and later evening bedtimes. Race also influenced the PSQI with American Indians reporting longer sleep latencies and sleep durations, more hours spent in bed, and more trouble with coughing and snoring than Mexican Americans, and Mexican Americans reporting later bedtimes. A history of adolescent regular binge drinking was associated with longer sleep latencies, more problems with breathing, bad dreams, and an overall higher PSQI total score, when controlling for age, race, and gender. CONCLUSIONS: This report suggests, like what has been found in young adults in general population samples, that binge drinking during adolescence is associated with deleterious consequences on sleep quality in young adulthood in these high-risk and understudied ethnic groups.
Assuntos
Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/etnologia , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/psicologia , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/etnologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/etnologia , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Sono/fisiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/complicações , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/fisiopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Level of response to alcohol has been associated with risk of alcohol dependence in a number of ethnic groups. In the present study, subjective and objective responses to alcohol were evaluated in Indo-Trinidadians (Indo-T) and Afro-Trinidadians (Afro-T). Associations of alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphisms with response to alcohol, using the Subjective High Assessment Scale (SHAS), and breath alcohol concentrations (BrAC) were tested. METHOD: Regular male drinkers without alcohol dependence (n = 112) ages 18-25 years participated in alcohol challenge sessions consisting of placebo and two doses of alcohol (target BrAC: 0 g/dl for placebo, .04 g/dl low dose, and .08 g/dl high dose) and genotyped for variants in ADH1B*3 and ADH1C*2. RESULTS: Indo-T had significantly higher BrAC, pulse rates, and cortisol levels when compared with Afro-T but did not have significantly higher SHAS values. Higher responses on the SHAS items muddle/confused and nauseated were significantly associated with the presence of at least one ADH1B*3 allele following the high dose of alcohol in Afro-T. Indo-T with at least one ADH1C*2 allele displayed significantly different Drug × Time interactions for the SHAS item effects of alcohol at the low dose and for the SHAS items clumsy, muddle/confused, effects of alcohol, floating, drunk, and total at the high dose from Indo-T with two ADH1C*1 alleles. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study that has investigated individual sensitivity to alcohol in a Caribbean population and in people of East Indian descent. Indo-T with at least one ADH1C*2 allele may be at higher risk for heavy drinking by feeling less of the effects of alcohol, including nausea. In Afro-T, having at least one ADH1B*3 allele appears to exert a protective effect by enhancing the unpleasant effects of alcohol, such as nausea and confusion.