RESUMO
Sylvilagus floridanus Papillomavirus (SfPV) causes growth of large horn-like tumors on rabbits. SfPV was described in cottontail rabbits (probably Sylvilagus floridanus) from Kansas and Iowa by Richard Shope in 1933, and detected in S. audubonii in 2011. It is known almost exclusively from the US Midwest. We explored the University of Kansas Natural History Museum for historical museum specimens infected with SfPV, using molecular techniques, to assess if additional wild species host SfPV, and whether SfPV occurs throughout the host range, or just in the Midwest. Secondary aims were to detect distinct strains, and evidence for strain spatio-temporal specificity. We found 20 of 1395 rabbits in the KU collection SfPV symptomatic. Three of 17 lagomorph species (S. nuttallii, and the two known hosts) were symptomatic, while Brachylagus, Lepus and eight additional Sylvilagus species were not. 13 symptomatic individuals were positive by molecular testing, including the first S. nuttallii detection. Prevalence of symptomatic individuals was significantly higher in Sylvilagus (1.8%) than Lepus. Half of these specimens came from Kansas, though new molecular detections were obtained from Jalisco-Mexico's first-and Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas, USA. We document the oldest lab-confirmed case (Kansas, 1915), pre-dating Shope's first case. SfPV amplification was possible from 63.2% of symptomatic museum specimens. Using multiple methodologies, rolling circle amplification and, multiple isothermal displacement amplification in addition to PCR, greatly improved detection rates. Short sequences were obtained from six individuals for two genes. L1 gene sequences were identical to all previously detected sequences; E7 gene sequences, were more variable, yielding five distinct SfPV1 strains that differing by less than 2% from strains circulating in the Midwest and Mexico, between 1915 and 2005. Our results do not clarify whether strains are host species specific, though they are consistent with SfPV specificity to genus Sylvilagus.
Assuntos
Papillomavirus de Coelho Cottontail/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/veterinária , Coelhos/virologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/veterinária , Animais , Antígenos Virais/genética , Sequência de Bases , Colorado/epidemiologia , Papillomavirus de Coelho Cottontail/genética , Papillomavirus de Coelho Cottontail/patogenicidade , DNA Viral/genética , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Genes Virais , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Especificidade de Hospedeiro , Kansas/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Meio-Oeste dos Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Museus , Proteínas Oncogênicas Virais/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/história , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Filogenia , Coelhos/classificação , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/história , Neoplasias Cutâneas/virologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/epidemiologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/história , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/veterinária , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologia , Proteínas Estruturais Virais/genéticaRESUMO
As part of ongoing surveillance for avian influenza viruses (AIV) in Peruvian birds, in June 2008, we sampled 600 land birds of 177 species, using real-time reverse-transcription PCR. We addressed the assumption that AIV prevalence is low or nil among land birds, a hypodiesis that was not supported by the results-rather, we found AIV infections at relatively high prevalences in birds of the orders Apodiformes (hummingbirds) and Passeriformes (songbirds). Surveillance programs for monitoring spread and identification of AIV should thus not focus solely on water birds.