RESUMO
Seventy children with cystic fibrosis were studied over a 5-year period to assess the relationship between serum immunoglobulin G levels and progression of cystic fibrosis lung disease. Patients were grouped according to their serum IgG values (low, normal, or high) and evaluated with serial pulmonary function testing, radiographic and immunologic studies, and clinical observation. The children with persistent hypogammaglobulinemia G showed significantly better lung function, better weight for age, fewer hospitalizations for pulmonary exacerbations, less colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and slower decline in pulmonary functions than did age-matched patients with normal or high IgG levels. Death occurred in five of eight (63%) patients with hypergammaglobulinemia, three of 30 (10%) with normogammaglobulinemia, and one of 32 (3%) with hypogammaglobulinemia. No deaths occurred in the 15 patients with persistent hypogammaglobulinemia. These data indicate that children with cystic fibrosis and hypogammaglobulinemia G have milder lung disease and slower deterioration in pulmonary function than do age-matched patients with normal or elevated immunoglobulin G values. The mechanisms accounting for this finding are unclear.
Assuntos
Fibrose Cística/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Pneumopatias/imunologia , Agamaglobulinemia/etiologia , Criança , Humanos , Hipergamaglobulinemia/mortalidade , Estudos Longitudinais , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Infecções por Pseudomonas/complicações , Testes de Função RespiratóriaRESUMO
Residue analysis of the herbicide ametryn (2-methylthio-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) is widely known but an analytical method for determining its metabolites has not yet been reported in the literature. A method has been developed for the extraction and determination of ametryn and 3 metabolites, 2-methylthio-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (GS-11354), 2-methylthio-4,6-diamino-s-triazine (GS-26831), and 2-methylthio-4-amino-6-ethylamino-s-triazine (GS-11355) in taniers , yams , cassava. Residues were extracted from crops with ethyl acetate-toluene (3 + 1 v/v), using a Polytron homogenizer and anhydrous sodium sulfate added for drying. The extracts were cleaned up by automated gel permeation chromatography on Bio-Beads SX-3 gel in the same solvent system. Quantitative determination was performed by gas chromatographic (GC) analysis on a column packed with 5% DEGS -PS on 100-120 mesh Supelcoport using either an N-P detector or a flame photometric detector ( FPD ) in the sulfur mode. Minimum detection by the flame photometric detector is 10 ng each for ametryn , GS-11354, and GS-11355 and 21 ng for GS-26831; by the N-P detector, 0.3 ng of each component gives easily quantitatable peaks. On a parts per million basis, starting with 25 g sample, the FPD detected a minimum level of 0.04 microgram/g each for ametryn , GS-11354, and GS-11355, and 0.08 microgram/g for GS-26831. The N-P detector could detect 0.0024 microgram/g for all 4 compounds. In addition to superior sensitivity, instrumental conditions allowed the complete separation of components in 10 min, for the N-P detector; more than 30 min was required for the FPD . Recoveries from fortified crops ranged from 67 to 111% at levels of 0.1-1.0 microgram/g.