RESUMO
This study observed the mosquito population in a rural eutrophised dam. Larvae of L3 and L4 stages and pupae were dipped out during twelve month collections and the reared to the adult stage for identification. The collections were done along nine metres from the edge of the dam divided in three parts (P1, P2 and P3), each part being 3 m long. P1 did not have vegetation (grass) along its edge,which would reach or sink into the water to promote some shade on the marginal water. A total of 217 adults of four species was identified with the following constancies and frequencies: Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823) (83% and 40.6%), Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) evansae (Brèthes, 1926) (92% and 26.7%), Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) rangeli (Gabaldon, Cova Garcia and Lopez, 1940) (83% and 14.3%) and Culex nigripalpus (Theobald, 1901) (33% and 18.4%). C. quinquefasciatus, A. evansae, A. rangeli and C. nigripalpus were more frequent in the quarters Nov./Dec./Jan. (85.7%), May/June/July (75%), Aug./Sept./Oct. (29.4%) and Aug./Sept./Oct. (23.5%) particularly in the months of December (88.4%) Sept.tember (48.94), (38.3) and August (47.62) respectively. The presence of C. quinquefasciatus and the high incidence of Daphinia sp. and also the levels of Organic Nitrogen (0.28 mg/L) and of total Phosphorus (0.02 mg/L) are indications of the eutrophication of the dam. There was a difference regarding the total of Anopheles (A. avansae + A. rangeli) and Culex species (C. quinquefasciatus + C. nigripalpis) between P1 and P2 (χ(2) = 0.0097), P1 and P3 (χ(2) = 0.0005), but not between P2 and P3 (χ(2) = 0.2045).The high C. quinquefasciatus constancy and frequency were confirmed to be a good biological indicator for a eutrophised environment and A. evansae showed a good potential for this environment. Vegetation can be an important factor for anopheline population dynamic also in eutrophic breeding sites.
Assuntos
Culicidae/fisiologia , Ecossistema , Animais , Brasil , Culicidae/classificação , Eutrofização , Água Doce , Dinâmica Populacional , População Rural , Estações do AnoRESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate, in laboratory, the development of Lutzomyia intermedia and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) larvae, vectors of leishmaniasis in Brazil, in the following diets: industrialized food for rabbits, dogs, hamsters and aquarium fishes, besides liver powder, cooked lettuce, wheat germ, beer yeast, oat, wheat bran and a diet denominated aged food. Except wheat bran for L. intermedia, all diets provided adequate development for both species, which showed that any of them can be used in laboratory insectaries for these insects. L. intermedia showed better development with most nutritious diets and both species presented better development with aged food. Fungi as an additional nutrient source for L. intermedia and L. longipalpis is suggested.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Insetos Vetores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Psychodidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/fisiologia , Psychodidae/fisiologiaRESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate, in laboratory, the development of Lutzomyia intermedia and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) larvae, vectors of leishmaniasis in Brazil, in the following diets: industrialized food for rabbits, dogs, hamsters and aquarium fishes, besides liver powder, cooked lettuce, wheat germ, beer yeast, oat, wheat bran and a diet denominated aged food. Except wheat bran for L. intermedia, all diets provided adequate development for both species, which showed that any of them can be used in laboratory insectaries for these insects. L. intermedia showed better development with most nutritious diets and both species presented better development with aged food. Fungi as an additional nutrient source for L. intermedia and L. longipalpis is suggested
Assuntos
Animais , Ração Animal , Insetos Vetores , Psychodidae , Comportamento Alimentar , Dieta , Insetos Vetores , Larva , PsychodidaeRESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate, in laboratory, the development of Lutzomyia intermedia and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) larvae, vectors of leishmaniasis in Brazil, in the following diets: industrialized food for rabbits, dogs, hamsters and aquarium fishes, besides liver powder, cooked lettuce, wheat germ, beer yeast, oat, wheat bran and a diet denominated aged food. Except wheat bran for L. intermedia, all diets provided adequate development for both species, which showed that any of them can be used in laboratory insectaries for these insects. L. intermedia showed better development with most nutritious diets and both species presented better development with aged food. Fungi as an additional nutrient source for L. intermedia and L. longipalpis is suggested.
Neste trabalho, foi avaliado, em laboratório, o desenvolvimento de larvas de Lutzomyia intermedia e de Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), vetores de leishmanioses no Brasil, nas seguintes dietas: rações industrializadas para coelho, cachorro, hamster e peixe de aquário; pó de fígado, alface cozida, gérmem de trigo, levedo de cerveja, aveia, farelo de trigo e uma dieta denominada ração envelhecida. Com exceção do farelo de trigo para L. intermedia, todas as dietas mostraram-se adequadas para uso em insetários para flebotomíneos. L. intermedia teve melhor desenvolvimento nas dietas mais nutritivas e ambas as espécies apresentaram melhor desempenho na ração envelhecida. A importância dos fungos como complemento alimentar para L. intermedia e L. longipalpis é sugerida.
RESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate, in laboratory, the development of Lutzomyia intermedia and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) larvae, vectors of leishmaniasis in Brazil, in the following diets: industrialized food for rabbits, dogs, hamsters and aquarium fishes, besides liver powder, cooked lettuce, wheat germ, beer yeast, oat, wheat bran and a diet denominated aged food. Except wheat bran for L. intermedia, all diets provided adequate development for both species, which showed that any of them can be used in laboratory insectaries for these insects. L. intermedia showed better development with most nutritious diets and both species presented better development with aged food. Fungi as an additional nutrient source for L. intermedia and L. longipalpis is suggested.
Neste trabalho, foi avaliado, em laboratório, o desenvolvimento de larvas de Lutzomyia intermedia e de Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), vetores de leishmanioses no Brasil, nas seguintes dietas: rações industrializadas para coelho, cachorro, hamster e peixe de aquário; pó de fígado, alface cozida, gérmem de trigo, levedo de cerveja, aveia, farelo de trigo e uma dieta denominada ração envelhecida. Com exceção do farelo de trigo para L. intermedia, todas as dietas mostraram-se adequadas para uso em insetários para flebotomíneos. L. intermedia teve melhor desenvolvimento nas dietas mais nutritivas e ambas as espécies apresentaram melhor desempenho na ração envelhecida. A importância dos fungos como complemento alimentar para L. intermedia e L. longipalpis é sugerida.
RESUMO
The development of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in experimentally infected Lutzomyia intermedia, showed colonization of the hindgut from 48 h after the infective blood-meal, and the migration of flagellates to the foregut, with a massive infection of the cardia at the 5th day post infection. Up to 10 days following the infective blood-meal, very few parasites were seen in the pharynx and cibarium. The role of L. intermedia as a vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis is discussed according to the established criteria.
Assuntos
Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Leishmania braziliensis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Psychodidae/parasitologia , Animais , Cricetinae , Feminino , Leishmaniose Cutânea/transmissão , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
In a study on vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Mesquita, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, eleven species of sandflies were found: Lutzomyia longipalpis, L. fischeri, L. quinquefer, L. intermedia, L. whitmani, L. shannoni, L. cortelezzii, L. edwardsi, L. migonei, L. lanei and L. firmatoi. Lutzomyia intermedia was the predominant species. It was collected indoors but in much higher numbers outdoors, in the close vicinity of houses. In comparative captures it was found to feed more frequently on equines, and less frequently on man and dogs. Studies, using man and animals as baits, showed that blood-feeding started in the evening, and remained stable during the night, until early morning. June, August and October were the months of highest density.
Assuntos
Insetos Vetores , Leishmaniose/epidemiologia , Psychodidae/fisiologia , Animais , Brasil , Cães , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Cavalos , Humanos , Masculino , Psychodidae/classificação , Psychodidae/isolamento & purificação , Estações do AnoRESUMO
To improve our knowledge on the breeding and behaviour of sandflies in captivity, we established closed colonies of Lutzomyia intermedia and Lutzomyia longipalpis. Data are here presented on the feeding preferences of larvae and adults and their influence on the development and survival of each species. Fish food is accepted by the larvae of both species; it is easily available, unexpensive and does not encourage the growth of fungi. The larvae of both species, in all stages accepted food of vegetal and mixed origin, but the 1st and 2nd stage larvae of L. intermedia preferred vegetal food, while the 3rd and 4th stage larvae of L. longipalpis showed a discreet preference for mixed food. Previous feeding on sugar was not necessary to induce a blood meal. Both species can feed on man, dog, hamster and bird, but better development was obtained when the females was fed on hamster. The female of L. longipalpis were more resistant to the absence of blood meal than those of L. intermedia, although 70% of both were able to survive on a sugar meal up to seven days.
Assuntos
Oviposição , Psychodidae/fisiologia , Animais , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Psychodidae/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
In Vargem Grande, an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in State of Rio de Janeiro, where Lutzomyia intermedia had been found infected with Leishmania braziliensis, we performed a series of captures of sandflies to increase the knowledge on their behaviour. The following species were found among 8,671 sandflies collected: L. intermedia, L. migonei, L. longipalpis, L. lanei, L. fischeri, L. firmatoi, L. monticola, L. schreiberi, L. whitmani, L. pelloni, L. barrettoi e L. (Pi) sp. Inside houses and outdoors close to the houses, on human bait and in light traps, the predominant species was L. intermedia, followed by L. migonei, both being more numerous between 9 and 11 p.m. than from 6 to 8 p.m. In a plantation, L. migonei was predominant. In simultaneous captures on man and dog as baits, L. intermedia was more frequent on the former, L. migonei on the latter.
Assuntos
Insetos Vetores , Leishmania braziliensis/isolamento & purificação , Leishmania/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose/transmissão , Psychodidae/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
As a preparatory stage for a study aiming at identifying the species and subspecies of local Leishmania in naturally infected sandflies through immunoradiometric assay with monoclonal antibodies, we tried to obtain experimental infections of phlebotomines with well characterized stocks of parasites, in order to test the effectiveness of the method.
Assuntos
Cloaca/parasitologia , Leishmaniose/transmissão , Túbulos de Malpighi/parasitologia , Psychodidae/parasitologia , Animais , Cricetinae , Leishmania mexicana/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
A laboratory colony of the sandfly Lutzomyia intermedia was established (at present in its seventh generation) in order to provide specimens for experimental infection and for experimental xenodiagnosis of natural infections due to cutaneous leishmanias in Rio de Janeiro. Date are presented on the methodology and on the yield and duration of each stage of development, during the first four generations.
Assuntos
Psychodidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Masculino , Oviposição , Psychodidae/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
In a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, one specimen of Lutzomyia intermedia was found naturally infected with Leishmania braziliensis.