RESUMO
A pandemia Covid-19 foi um desafio que os sistemas educacionais enfrentaram. As instituições de ensino tiveram de se adaptar às novas correlações entre ensino e aprendizagem. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a percepção dos alunos do ensino superior em relação ao uso de metodologias ativas no estudo remoto de fisiologia humana. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal com abordagem mista. Foram obtidas 35 respostas e 25 dos alunos consideraram positivo o uso de metodologias ativas no ensino de fisiologia humana. Nas últimas décadas, o ensino na área da saúde tem sido debatido e o currículo de metodologias ativas tem se destacado, pois busca uma formação com uma visão ampla do homem, formando um sujeito ético, crítico, reflexivo, humanizado e capaz de transformar o seu entorno. O uso de metodologias ativas durante o período de ensino remoto propiciou um maior ganho de conhecimento em fisiologia humana.
The Covid-19 pandemic was a challenge for education systems. Educational institutions have had to adapt to the new correlations between teaching and learning. The aim of this study was to understand the perception of higher education students regarding the use of active methodologies in the remote study of Human Physiology. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a mixed methods approach. Thirty-five responses were obtained and 25 of the students considered the use of active methodologies in the teaching of Human Physiology to be positive. In recent decades, teaching in the health area has been debated, and the curriculum of active methodologies has stood out, as it seeks training with a broad view of man, forming an ethical, critical, reflective, humanized subject capable of transforming his surroundings. The use of active methodologies during the remote teaching period led to greater gain in the knowledge of human physiology
La pandemia de la Covid-19 ha puesto a prueba los sistemas educativos y las instituciones han tenido que adaptarse a nuevas técnicas de enseñanza. El objetivo de este estudio era conocer las percepciones de los estudiantes de enseñanza superior sobre el uso de metodologías activas en la enseñanza a distancia de la fisiología. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal con un enfoque de métodos diversificados. Hubo 35 respuestas y 25 de los estudiantes consideraron positivo el uso de metodologías activas en la enseñanza de la fisiología. La enseñanza de la salud ha sido objeto de debate, con énfasis en el currículo de metodologías activas, que busca formar alumnos con una visión amplia del hombre, formando un individuo ético, reflexivo, humanizado y capaz de transformar su entorno. El uso de metodologías activas durante el periodo de enseñanza a distancia permitió adquirir un mayor conocimiento de la fisiología humana.
RESUMO
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) approaches may benefit patients treated with abiraterone acetate (AA) as drug efficacy is imprecise and important pharmacokinetic variability is known. Current methods based on the analysis of plasma present the disadvantage of the fast degradation of the analytes in the liquid sample. Dried blood spots (DBS) consist of a minimally invasive and unexplored sampling strategy to monitor the levels of abiraterone (ABI) and delta(4)-abiraterone (D4A) in patients. This study presents the development and validation of a precise and accurate method to monitor ABI and D4A in DBS samples by UPLC-MS/MS. Bioanalytical method validation was carried out according to current guidelines, evaluating the impact of DBS-specific parameters such as hematocrit and spot volume on accuracy. Based on the analysis of quality control samples prepared at low, medium and high concentrations, the method was precise with CV ≤ 6.97 % and 10.26 % for ABI and D4A, respectively. The method was also highly accurate, between 93.6-106.8 % for ABI and 96.0-108.5 % for D4A. The DBS method is compatible with the analysis of samples of unknown volume and hematocrit range of the studied population. In addition, ABI and D4A were stable for 7 days in DBS at room temperature, which is feasible for sample transportation in postal service and analysis in the laboratory. Method application to 16 clinical samples revealed good correlation between measured plasma concentrations and estimated plasma concentrations for ABI (r = 0.884, P < 0.05) and D4A (r = 0.920, P < 0.05). Passing-Bablok regression analysis and Bland-Altmann plots indicated correlation between the results obtained from DBS and plasma, with a slight overestimation of the concentrations of ABI in DBS, which could be related to the small study cohort. Therefore, the results of this first work indicate that DBS consist of a promising alternative sampling strategy in TDM studies of AA.
Assuntos
Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Neoplasias da Próstata , Androstenos , Cromatografia Líquida , Teste em Amostras de Sangue Seco , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Abiraterone acetate efficacy against prostate cancer is dependent on the circulating levels of abiraterone and its active metabolites, which present significant pharmacokinetic variability among patients. Thus, therapeutic drug monitoring can be performed to improve treatment outcomes. To support such studies, there are only a limited number of bioanalytical methods in current literature. This work presents a fast method to quantify abiraterone and D4A in plasma in 4 min by UPLC-MS/MS. Bioanalytical method validation was performed according to the recommendations of the US Food and Drug Administration. The method was linear within the range of 1-400 ng/ml for abiraterone and 0.2-20 ng/ml for D4A (r2 > 0.99). Based on the analysis of quality control samples at the lower limit of quantification, low, medium and high concentrations, the method was precise (CVabiraterone ≤ 9.72%; CVD4A ≤ 14.64%) and accurate (CVabiraterone 95.51-107.59%; CVD4A 98.04-99.89%). Application of the method to the quantification of abiraterone and D4A in 10 clinical samples revealed important variability in the conversion ratio of abiraterone to D4A (CV 90.85%). Considering the current literature, this is the fastest method to quantify abiraterone and D4A in plasma, allowing for optimization of the analytical routine.