Assuntos
Rouquidão/etiologia , Tolerância Imunológica , Micoses/complicações , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Aspergilose/complicações , Candidíase/complicações , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/complicações , Lactente , Doenças da Laringe/complicações , Doenças da Laringe/etiologia , Leucemia/complicações , Masculino , Neoplasias/complicaçõesRESUMO
We applied quantitative methods of analysis to all blood cultures drawn during the course of treatment in 28 children with Broviac catheters in a central vein. Thirty febrile episodes in 14 of these patients were evaluated. Samples of blood obtained from a peripheral vein and through the central catheter were cultured quantitatively on agar plates and nonquantitatively in standard broth media. Catheters were judged to be a source of septicemia nine times in seven children. In all nine positive catheter samples, the concentration of pathogens was 10 times as great as that observed in the peripheral venous sample. The blood drawn through the Broviac catheter contained greater than or equal to 2000 colony-forming units per milliliter in six cases. Quantitative cultures in two patients with septicemia not attributable to the catheter yielded low colony counts in the catheter sample. Cultures of blood samples drawn through the catheter when a child was well were not helpful in predicting subsequent septicemia. The technique of inoculating blood directly onto agar plates is easily performed and superior to standard broth cultures, because it detected pathogens within 16 hours and identified infections with multiple organisms.
Assuntos
Cateteres de Demora/efeitos adversos , Sepse/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Febre/etiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Prospectivos , Sepse/diagnóstico , Sepse/etiologiaAssuntos
Transfusão de Sangue , Desferroxamina/uso terapêutico , Transfusão de Eritrócitos , Talassemia/terapia , Adolescente , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Desferroxamina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Infusões Parenterais , Injeções Intramusculares , Ferro/urina , Masculino , Talassemia/tratamento farmacológico , Talassemia/metabolismoRESUMO
In order to investigate the mechanism of active chloride transport, experiments were performed to verify the previous report that removal of potassium from the solutions bathing the urinary bladders of Colombian toads induced a reversal of short-circuit current (RSCC) and active chloride transport. The present experiments confirmed these findings. However, there was no correlation between the magnitude of the RSCC and the chloride transport. Furthermore, removal of chloride from the mucosal bathing solutions did not markedly affect the RSCC, indicating that the chloride transport was electrically silent. Removal of bicarbonate from the bathing solutions eliminated the RSCC, and acetazolamide inhibited both the RSCC and net chloride transport. These findings suggest a relationship between chloride and hydrogen ion transport. Inhibition of sodium transport by removal of sodium or addition of ouabain or amiloride has previously been shown to produce an RSCC. In the present experiments these same maneuvers caused an RSCC and induced net chloride transport. It is concluded that active chloride transport by Colombian toad bladder is stimulated by inhibition of sodium transport. The inhibition of active chloride transport by acetazolamide suggests a possible role for carbonic anhydrase in this process.