RESUMO
To assess whether the seroprevalence of canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) in domestic dogs is higher in urban versus rural areas of the Araucanía region in Chile and risk factors for exposure, a serosurvey and questionnaire survey at three, urban-rural paired sites was conducted from 2009 to 2012. Overall, 1161 households were interviewed of which 71% were located in urban areas. A total of 501 blood samples were analysed. The overall CDV and CPV seroprevalences were 61% (CI 90%: 58-70%) and 47% (CI 90%: 40-49%), and 89% (CI 90%: 85-92%) and 72% (CI 90%: 68-76%) in urban and rural areas, respectively. The higher seroprevalence in domestic dogs in urban areas suggests that urban domestic dogs might be a maintenance host for both CDV and CPV in this region. Due to the presence of endangered wild canids populations in areas close to these domestic populations, surveillance and control of these pathogens in urban dog populations is needed a priority.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Vírus da Cinomose Canina/imunologia , Cinomose/epidemiologia , Genoma Viral/genética , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus Canino/imunologia , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Chile/epidemiologia , Cinomose/virologia , Vírus da Cinomose Canina/isolamento & purificação , Cães , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Parvovirus Canino/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The ability of countries to control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis (TB) has been jeopardised by various epidemiological and ecological features of the disease. The authors have used epidemiological modelling to develop an analytical framework to assess the likely success of a national TB eradication programme in Argentina. Study results suggest that the current control programme is financially feasible in the long term. However, considering that the costs of the TB eradication programme in Argentina are entirely borne by the producer, the initial investment required and the long-term horizon needed to gain revenue may prevent producers from endorsing the programme. Regionalised programmes that allow differential control strategies to be implemented in specific regions may increase the likelihood of success. This methodological approach could be extended to design and evaluate control and eradication programmes for TB and other infectious diseases in other regions of the world.
Assuntos
Simulação por Computador , Modelos Biológicos , Tuberculose Bovina/prevenção & controle , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Análise por Conglomerados , Análise Custo-Benefício , Estudos de Viabilidade , Modelos Lineares , Prevalência , Tuberculose Bovina/economia , Tuberculose Bovina/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A total of 2126 herds, an attack rate of 0.82 per cent, were affected during an epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease in Argentina in 2001. The spatial and temporal distribution of the epidemic was investigated using nearest-neighbour and spatial scan tests and by estimating the frequency distributions of the times to intervention, and distances and times between outbreaks. The outbreaks were clustered and associated significantly (P<0.01) with herd density; 94 per cent were located in the Pampeana region, where the cattle population is concentrated, which had an attack rate of 1.4 per cent. The clustering results suggested that the virus had spread locally between outbreaks. Most of the outbreaks were separated by one day and the maximum distance between outbreaks was almost 2000 km, indicating that the infection spread rapidly over large distances. The index outbreak was detected more than 15 days after the primary outbreak, and restrictions on the movement of cattle were probably not enforced until about one month after infection occurred. As in other major epidemics, the period between the first outbreaks and the effective application of control strategies was probably crucial in determining the progress of the epidemic.