RESUMO
Numerous studies have evaluated the association between Glu504Lys polymorphism in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, the specific association remains controversial. To assess the relationship between the ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism and CRC, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of five case-control studies comprising 1664 patients with CRC and 2777 controls. The results of this meta-analysis showed that the ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism was associated with a significantly reduced risk of CRC [Lys/Lys vs Glu/Glu: odds ratio (OR) = 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.58-1.54; Glu/Lys vs Glu/Glu: OR = 0.85, 95%CI = 0.75-0.97; dominant model: OR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.76-0.98; recessive model: OR = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.62-1.61]. No significant heterogeneity or publication bias was observed in our meta-analysis. Based on the statistical data, our meta-analysis indicates that the ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism is associated with reduced risk of developing CRC.
Assuntos
Aldeído-Desidrogenase Mitocondrial/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/enzimologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Aldeído-Desidrogenase Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Povo Asiático/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Razão de Chances , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important vegetable crop that ranks second in salt tolerance among the Cucurbitaceae. Previous studies on the two muskmelon cultivars 'Bing XueCui' (BXC) and 'Yu Lu' (YL) revealed that they had different characteristics under salt stress, but the molecular basis underlying their different physiological responses is unclear. Here, we combined a physiological study with a genome-wide transcriptome analysis to understand the molecular basis of genetic variation that responds to salt stress in the melon. BXC performed better under salt stress than YL in terms of biomass and photosynthetic characteristics, because it exhibited less reduction in transpiration rate, net photosynthesis rate, and stomatal conductance under 150-mM NaCl stress than YL. A transcriptome comparison of the leaves of the cultivars revealed that 1171 genes responded to salt stress in BXC while 1487 genes were identified as salt-stress-responsive in YL. A real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of 12 of the responsive genes revealed that there was a strong, positive correlation with RNA sequencing data. The genes were involved in several pathways, including photosynthesis, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction, and their expression levels differed between the two cultivars in response to salt stress. This study provides a molecular perspective of two melon cultivars in response to salt stress, and its results could be used to investigate the complex molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in the melon.
Assuntos
Cucumis melo/fisiologia , Plantas Tolerantes a Sal/fisiologia , Cucumis melo/genética , Expressão Gênica , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Salinidade , Tolerância ao Sal/genética , Plantas Tolerantes a Sal/genética , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , TranscriptomaRESUMO
To establish a blue-light damage model of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Fourth-generation human RPE cells were randomly divided into two groups. In group A, cells were exposed to blue light (2000 ± 500 lux) for 0 (control), 3, 6, 9, and 12 h, and cell culture was stopped after 12 h. In group B, cells were exposed to blue light at the same intensity and time periods, but cell culture was stopped after 24 h. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to determine the most suitable illuminating time with apoptotic index. Flow cytometry was used to determine apoptotic ratio of RPEs. In group A, the apoptotic index of cells that received 6, 9 and 12 h of blue light was higher than that of control. The apoptotic index of cells receiving 9 and 12 h was higher than that of 6 h (P = 0.000). In group B, the apoptotic index and RPE cell apoptosis ratio of cells exposed to 6, 9 and 12 h of blue light were higher than that of 3 h (P = 0.000); and cells receiving 9 and 12 h had higher values than that of 6 h. This study demonstrated that the best conditions to establish a blue light damage model of human retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro are 2000 ± 500 lux light intensity for 6 h, with 24 h of cell culture post-exposure.
Assuntos
Luz/efeitos adversos , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/efeitos da radiação , Adulto , Apoptose , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Masculino , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/patologiaRESUMO
Cyclin B is a regulatory subunit of maturation-promoting factor (MPF), which has a key role in the induction of meiotic maturation of oocytes. MPF has been studied in a wide variety of animal species; however, its expression in crustaceans is poorly characterized. In this study, the complete cDNA sequence of Cyclin B was cloned from the red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, and its spatiotemporal expression profiles were analyzed. Cyclin B cDNA (1779 bp) encoded a 401 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of 45.1 kDa. Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that Cyclin B mRNA was expressed mainly in the ovarian tissue and that the expression decreased as the ovaries developed. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the Cyclin B protein relocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during oogenesis. These findings suggest that Cyclin B plays an important role in gametogenesis and gonad development in C. quadricarinatus.
Assuntos
Astacoidea/genética , Ciclina B/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Fator Promotor de Maturação/genética , Oócitos/metabolismo , Oogênese/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Astacoidea/citologia , Astacoidea/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sequência de Bases , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Clonagem Molecular , Ciclina B/metabolismo , Citoplasma/metabolismo , DNA Complementar/genética , DNA Complementar/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Feminino , Fator Promotor de Maturação/metabolismo , Meiose , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Peso Molecular , Oócitos/citologia , Oócitos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Ovário/citologia , Ovário/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ovário/metabolismo , Transporte Proteico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
We assessed the efficacy and tolerability of the augmentation of antidepressants (ATDs) with atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) to treat patients with major depressive disorder. A retrograde study to identify relevant patient data included databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects. Data from 17 trials, involving 3807 participants, were identified. The remission rate (RR) and overall response rate (ORR) of adjunctive treatment with AAPs were significantly higher than placebo treatment: RR=1.90 (95%CI=1.61-2.23, z=7.74, P<0.00001) and ORR=1.68 (95%CI=1.45-1.94, z=7.07, P<0.00001). We found that the short-term (4 weeks) treatment [ORR=1.70 (95%CI=0.98-2.95, Z=1.89, P=0.06)] was significantly different from the long-term (6-12 weeks) treatment [ORR=1.68 (95%CI=1.45-1.94, z=7.07, P<0.00001)]. No significant difference in ORR was observed between groups with or without sedative drugs. The discontinuation rate due to adverse effects was higher for adjunctive treatment with AAPs: ORR=3.32 (95%CI=2.35-4.70, z=6.78, P<0.00001). These results demonstrate that the augmentation of ATDs with AAPs (olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, and risperidone) was more effective than a placebo in improving response and remission rates, although associated with a higher discontinuation rate due to adverse effects.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Antidepressivos/administração & dosagem , Antipsicóticos/administração & dosagem , Antipsicóticos/efeitos adversos , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/tratamento farmacológico , Antidepressivos/efeitos adversos , Benzodiazepinas/administração & dosagem , Benzodiazepinas/efeitos adversos , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Método Duplo-Cego , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Dibenzotiazepinas/administração & dosagem , Dibenzotiazepinas/efeitos adversos , Piperazinas/administração & dosagem , Piperazinas/efeitos adversos , Quinolonas/administração & dosagem , Quinolonas/efeitos adversos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Indução de Remissão , Risperidona/administração & dosagem , Risperidona/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Leymus mollis (Trin.) Pilger (NsNsXmXm, 2n = 28), a wild relative of common wheat, possesses many traits that are potentially valuable for wheat improvement. In order to exploit and utilize the useful genes of L. mollis, we developed a multiple alien substitution line, 10DM50, from the progenies of octoploid Tritileymus M842-16 x Triticum durum cv. D4286. Genomic in situ hybridization analysis of mitosis and meiosis (metaphase I), using labeled total DNA of Psathyrostachys huashanica as probe, showed that the substitution line 10DM50 was a cytogenetically stable alien substitution line with 36 chromosomes from wheat and three pairs of Ns genome chromosomes from L. mollis. Simple sequence repeat analysis showed that the chromosomes 3D, 6D, and 7D were absent in 10DM50. Expressed sequence tag-sequence tagged sites analysis showed that new chromatin from 3Ns, 6Ns, and 7Ns of L. mollis were detected in 10DM50. We deduced that the substitution line 10DM50 was a multiple alien substitution line with the 3D, 6D, and 7D chromosomes replaced by 3Ns, 6Ns, and 7Ns from L. mollis. 10DM50 showed high resistance to leaf rust and significantly improved spike length, spikes per plant, and kernels per spike, which are correlated with higher wheat yield. These results suggest that line 10DM50 could be used as intermediate material for transferring desirable traits from L. mollis into common wheat in breeding programs.
Assuntos
Cromossomos de Plantas/genética , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Poliploidia , Triticum/genética , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Hibridização In Situ , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Folhas de Planta/genética , Poaceae/genética , Triticum/citologiaRESUMO
We assessed the efficacy and tolerability of the augmentation of antidepressants (ATDs) with atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) to treat patients with major depressive disorder. A retrograde study to identify relevant patient data included databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects. Data from 17 trials, involving 3807 participants, were identified. The remission rate (RR) and overall response rate (ORR) of adjunctive treatment with AAPs were significantly higher than placebo treatment: RR=1.90 (95%CI=1.61-2.23, z=7.74, P<0.00001) and ORR=1.68 (95%CI=1.45-1.94, z=7.07, P<0.00001). We found that the short-term (4 weeks) treatment [ORR=1.70 (95%CI=0.98-2.95, Z=1.89, P=0.06)] was significantly different from the long-term (6-12 weeks) treatment [ORR=1.68 (95%CI=1.45-1.94, z=7.07, P<0.00001)]. No significant difference in ORR was observed between groups with or without sedative drugs. The discontinuation rate due to adverse effects was higher for adjunctive treatment with AAPs: ORR=3.32 (95%CI=2.35-4.70, z=6.78, P<0.00001). These results demonstrate that the augmentation of ATDs with AAPs (olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, and risperidone) was more effective than a placebo in improving response and remission rates, although associated with a higher discontinuation rate due to adverse effects.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/administração & dosagem , Antipsicóticos/administração & dosagem , Antipsicóticos/efeitos adversos , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antidepressivos/efeitos adversos , Aripiprazol , Benzodiazepinas/administração & dosagem , Benzodiazepinas/efeitos adversos , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Dibenzotiazepinas/administração & dosagem , Dibenzotiazepinas/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Olanzapina , Piperazinas/administração & dosagem , Piperazinas/efeitos adversos , Fumarato de Quetiapina , Quinolonas/administração & dosagem , Quinolonas/efeitos adversos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Indução de Remissão , Risperidona/administração & dosagem , Risperidona/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In this study, we cloned and sequenced a 938-base pair polymorphic band, pHs27, in the tightly linked random amplified polymorphic DNA marker OPU10 and converted it into a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker referred to as RHS141, which was specific for the Ns genome of Psathyrostachys huashanica. A GenBank basic local alignment search tool search showed that the sequence of pHs27 had no primary sequence homology with known sequences, and Southern blotting confirmed this result. This SCAR marker was used to detect Ns genome chromatin in wheat, and it was successfully amplified in P. huashanica itself, a complete set of wheat-P. huashanica disomic addition lines (1Ns-7Ns), and undetermined homoeologous group addition lines. This SCAR marker will be a powerful tool for the marker-assisted selection of P. huashanica chromosome(s) in a wheat background, and it should also allow wheat breeders to screen for the excellent traits found in P. huashanica chromatin.
Assuntos
Cromatina/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Triticum/genética , Sequência de Bases , Genes de Plantas , Marcadores Genéticos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Poaceae/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Exposure of humans to low levels of environmental oxygen results in alveolar hypoxia and normally causes chronic pulmonary hypertension and morphological alterations of precapillary pulmonary vessels. In this study, the microarray dataset GSE11341 was used to identify potential differentially expressed genes related with human lung microvascular endothelial cell hypoxia. In addition, gene ontology term enrichment analysis was performed to explore their underlying functions. In addition, we also investigated the small molecules by comparing with the Connectivity Map. We found that hypoxia samples of 3, 24, and 48 h relative to 0 h displayed 22, 21, and 29 differentially expressed genes, respectively. Among them, six genes (ADM, HMOX1, VEGFA, EGLN3, APOLD1, and ANGPTL4) were closely related to pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell hypoxia response. Three drugs (pindolol, sulfapyridine, and ciclopirox) were selected as candidates to treat hypoxia-related pulmonary diseases. In conclusion, our results provide some underlying drug targets for treatment of hypoxic pulmonary patients.
Assuntos
Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Pneumopatias/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Hipóxia Celular , Células Cultivadas , Endotélio Vascular/patologia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Ontologia Genética , Humanos , Pulmão/irrigação sanguínea , Microvasos/patologia , Análise de Sequência com Séries de OligonucleotídeosRESUMO
Children bitten by venomous snakes comprise emergency cases that present high morbidity and mortality, especially in some regions of Asia and Africa. Reports on clinical features and management of envenomated children are scarce. This observational study implemented a protocol for antivenom use in pediatric snakebite victims in Taiwan, between 1994 and 2007. The present work investigated demographics, clinical features and effects of antivenom therapy and the complications and prognosis for snakebites. A total of 55 children and adolescents, with a median age of 9.9 years (ranging from 2 to 18 years), was identified. Forty-five patients (82 percent) were bitten between May and September. Thirty-five patients (64 percent) received antivenom therapy, 28 of them (80 percent) within two hours after being bitten. No fatalities occurred and only five of 35 patients (14 percent) had major morbidity when treated according to the protocol. Thirty-one snakes (56 percent) were identified and 12 of them (38 percent) were Naja atra. This study indicates that a protocol for children affected by snakebites is valuable for guiding emergency physicians to treat these patients immediately. Further strategies are required to reduce the morbidity rate that occurs as a result of Naja atra bite.(AU)