RESUMO
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used in the treatment of gastric cancer, and the emergence of drug resistance and toxic effects has limited its application. Therefore, there is an urgent need for safe and effective novel drugs or new therapies. ß-Ionone (BI) is found in vegetables and fruits and possesses an inhibitory proliferation of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated whether BI could enhance the inhibitory effects of 5-FU on the proliferation of gastric adenocarcinoma cells and the growth of gastric cancer cell xenografts in a mouse model. The effects of BI and 5-FU alone or their combination on the cell viability, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential, the cell cycle, and its related proteins-Cyclin D1, and CDK4 as well as PCNA and GSK-3ß were evaluated in SGC-7901 cells and MKN45 cells by MTT, MB, flow cytometry and Western blot. In addition, the effects of BI and 5-FU alone or their combination on the growth of SGC-7901 cell xenografts in nude mice were investigated. The results showed that BI significantly enhanced the sensitivity of gastric adenocarcinoma cells to 5-FU in vitro and in vivo, i.e. proliferation inhibited, apoptosis induced and GSK-3ß protein activated. Therefore, our results suggest that BI increases the antitumor effect of 5-FU on gastric adenocarcinoma cells, at least partly from an activated GSK-3ß signaling pathway.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma , Apoptose , Proliferação de Células , Fluoruracila , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta , Camundongos Nus , Norisoprenoides , Transdução de Sinais , Neoplasias Gástricas , Animais , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Fluoruracila/farmacologia , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/metabolismo , Humanos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Norisoprenoides/farmacologia , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Camundongos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinase 4 Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismoRESUMO
γ-Tocotrienol (γ-T3) is a major subtype of vitamin E, mainly extracted from palm trees, barley, walnuts, and other plants. γ-T3 has effects on anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and potential chemoprevention against malignancies. It is still uncompleted to understand the effect of γ-T3 on the inhibitory mechanism of cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether γ-T3 enhanced autophagy in gastric cancer and the underlying molecular mechanism. The results showed that γ-T3 (0-90 µmol/L) inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer MKN45 cells and AGS cells, and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner. Autophagy was increased in MKN45 cells treated with γ-T3 (0-45 µmol/L), especially at a dose of 30 µmol/L for 24 h. These effects were reversed by 3-methyladenine pretreatment. Furthermore, γ-T3 (30 µmol/L) also significantly downregulated the expression of pGSK-3ß (ser9) and ß-catenin protein in MKN45 cells, and γ-T3 (20 mg/kg b.w.) effectively decreased the growth of MKN45 cell xenografts in BABL/c mice. GSK-3ß inhibitor-CHIR-99021 reversed the negative regulation of GSK-3ß/ß-Catenin signaling and autophagy. Our findings indicated that γ-T3 enhances autophagy in gastric cancer cells mediated by GSK-3ß/ß-Catenin signaling, which provides new insights into the role of γ-T3 enhancing autophagy in gastric cancer.
Assuntos
Autofagia , Proliferação de Células , Cromanos , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta , Neoplasias Gástricas , Vitamina E , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , beta Catenina , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Animais , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/metabolismo , Camundongos , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Vitamina E/análogos & derivados , Vitamina E/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromanos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos Nus , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This paper studied the distribution and accumulation characteristics of mineral nitrogen in the soils of different years old apple orchards in dry plateau of eastern Gansu Province. The soil ammonium nitrogen content was increased with the increase of planting year. In the 2-3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 22 years old apple orchards, the ammonium nitrogen content in 0-120 cm soil layer was 3.3, 5.8, 6.5, 9.1, 12.1, and 15.3 mg x kg(-1), respectively, and 0-60 cm soil layer had a higher ammonium nitrogen content than 60-120 cm soil layer. For all the apple orchards, the nitrate nitrogen content in 0-40 cm soil layer was relatively low, but increased with increasing depth. The soil nitrate nitrogen content also increased with the increase of planting year, which reached 2602.5 kg x hm(-2) in the 0-120 cm soil layer of 22 years old apple orchard. It was concluded that in the apple orchards in dry plateau of eastern Gansu Province, soil ammonium nitrogen was more accumulated in upper layers, while nitrate nitrogen was more accumulated in deeper layers.
Assuntos
Malus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Nitrogênio/análise , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/análise , Solo/análise , China , Fertilizantes , Nitratos/análise , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Based on the life-table parameters and the release effects of Amblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans) under laboratory and field conditions, the control efficiency of A. cucumeris (Oudemans) on Panonychus ulmi (Koch) was evaluated. When feeding on P. ulmi, A. cucumeris could complete its development period and lay eggs with one generation time of 9.54 d at (25 +/- 1) degrees C. The egg-laying period (24.85 d) and lifespan (38.52 d) of female A. cucumeris were longer than their preys (15.93 d and 34.79 d, respectively), but the average amount of eggs laid by female A. cucumeris was 36.70, being 43.9% less than that of P. ulmi. The net reproductive rate (R0) and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(m)) of P. ulmi were 103.9% and 13.2% higher than those of A. cucumeris, respectively. No matter what the good-harm ratios was 1 : 30 or 1 : 150, the control efficiency of A. cucumeris after its 20-day release under laboratory condition could be over 95%, and the efficiency after 60-day release under field condition could be 91.73%, being 23.77% higher than that when sprayed with pesticide, suggesting that A. cucumeris was a good biological agent to control the population growth of P. ulmi. When the P. ulmi population density was less than 2 per leaf, releasing A. cucumeris in the orchard could effectively control the population increase of P. ulmi.
Assuntos
Cucumaria/parasitologia , Malus/parasitologia , Ácaros/fisiologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Comportamento Predatório , Animais , Ecossistema , Feminino , Ácaros/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Aiming at the seasonal drought in the dry land orchards of Longdong, Gansu Province, a sand-covering experiment was conducted with 15-year-old Nagafu No. 2 apple trees, with the soil water content, temperature, stem sap flow velocity, leaf stomatal conductance, and fruit quality measured. In the orchard covered with 5-cm-thick riversand, the increment of soil temperature in February-April was lower than 1 degrees C, while in June-July, it was 2.44 degrees C and 2.61 degrees C on sunny and cloudy days, respectively. The soil water content was over 60% of field capacity throughout the growing season. On sunny days with high soil water content (H season), the stem sap flow curve presented a wide peak. Under sand- covering, the sap flow started 0.6 h earlier, and the maximum sap flow velocity was 25.5% higher than the control. On cloudy days of H season, the maximum sap flow velocity was 165.6% higher than the control. On sunny days with low soil water content (L season), the sap flow curve had a single peak, and under sand covering, the sap flow started 0.5-1 h earlier than the control on sunny days. The maximum sap flow velocity was 794 g x h(-1). On cloudy days of L season, the sap flow started 1 h earlier, and the maximum sap flow velocity was 311.0% higher than the control. The evaporation of the control was 156.0% higher than that of sand-covering from March to July, suggesting that excessive ground water evaporation was the main reason to cause soil drought. Under sand-covering, single fruit mass was improved obviously whereas fruit firmness was reduced slightly, and soluble solids, vitamin C, total sugar, and organic acid contents were somewhat promoted.