RESUMO

Anemochory (wind dispersal) represents a key dispersal strategy that has allowed seed plants (spermatophytes) to expand habitats. To facilitate anemochory, the spermatophytes use diverse wind dispersal mechanisms, including wings or plumes of the ovule or seed1,2. Seed wings are integument outgrowths of an ovule, while seed plumes refer to a bundle of filaments. These two wind dispersal mechanisms are independently employed by many seed plants1,2, but are very rarely combined in a single taxon. Seed wings originated in the Late Devonian (Famennian)3,4,5 while seed plumes first appeared in the Early Carboniferous (Mississippian)6,7. An opening, or micropyle, in the integument characterizes the ovules of seed plants7. This essential structure had not appeared until the Carboniferous, and it evolved through the gradual fusion of integumentary lobes7,8. Famennian ovules demonstrate great diversity in integumentary lobes. Nevertheless, notably few of these earliest ovules exhibit wings or wing-like integumentary lobes and none possess plumes or micropyles. Here, we document a Famennian ovule Gnetopsis quadria sp. nov. from Anhui Province, China. It combines wing-like lobes and plumes as two dispersal mechanisms, and probably has a micropyle.

Assuntos

Fósseis , Óvulo Vegetal , Vento , Fósseis/anatomia & histologia , Óvulo Vegetal/fisiologia , Evolução Biológica , Dispersão de Sementes

RESUMO

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ethanol embolization in treating traumatic arteriovenous fistulas (TAVFs). Materials and methods: From March 2012 to April 2020, 42 consecutive patients (29.9 ± 15.1 years, range: 3-68 years) with peripheral TAVFs underwent ethanol embolization. All patients underwent clinical and imaging follow-ups (40.0 ± 25.9 months, range: 3-90 months). The mean time to onset of symptoms after trauma was 5.4 ± 5.9 months (range: 0.5-30 months). Among the patients, 27 (64.3%) reported that the TAVFs occurred after blunt trauma, 10 (23.8%) presented after penetrating trauma (with 4 patients involving penetration by infusion indwelling needles), and 3 (7.1%) had a history of surgery. Treatment effects, devascularization rates, and complications were evaluated at follow-ups conducted at 1-3 month intervals. Results: Seventy-one embolization procedures were performed, with a mean of 1.6 ± 0.7 procedures per patient. Thirty-four patients received coil-assisted ethanol embolization. Absolute ethanol was used in all procedures, with an average volume of 7.1 ± 4.2 ml per procedure (range: 1-18 ml); 28 patients (28/42, 66.7%) received coil embolization in 36 procedures (36/71, 50.7%). Upon re-examination, 39 patients (92.9%) achieved 100% devascularization; of these, 29 patients (74.4%) with Schobinger stage II TAVFs improved to stage I or became asymptomatic. Overall, 30 cases (66.7%) achieved a complete response, while the other 12 cases (33.3%) showed a partial response. In addition, no major complications were observed postoperatively, apart from minor complications. Conclusions: Coil-assisted ethanol embolization can effectively manage TAVFs with an acceptable risk of mild complications.

RESUMO

Demolding is a crucial step in nanoimprint lithography (NIL) for successfully transferring template structures onto resist materials. The process, however, is often hindered by the adhesion and friction between the template and resist, leading to inevitable defects on the replicas and posing challenges in replicating templates with high-aspect-ratio (HAR) structures. Here, we introduce a novel approach using the dissolvable template method to achieve the nondestructive demolding of structure-designable HAR nanoimprint templates. The templates were fabricated by the 3D lithography technology, employing a positive photoresist that can be easily dissolved in alkaline solutions after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. By implementing this method, we successfully transferred dense arrays of pillars with a minimal diameter of 1.2 µm and a significant aspect ratio of 18, as well as a microlens array diffuser with randomly distributed structural parameters. The dissolvable template method paves the way for stress-free demolding, broadening NIL's application range.

RESUMO

Adzuki bean, an important legume crop, exhibits poor tolerance to low temperatures. To investigate the effect of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) on the physiological metabolism and yield resistance of adzuki bean under low-temperature stress, we conducted a potted experiment using Longxiaodou 4 (LXD 4) and Tianjinhong (TJH) as test materials and pre-sprayed with exogenous ABA at flowering stage continuously for 5 days with an average of 12°C and an average of 15°C, respectively. We found that, compared with spraying water, foliar spraying exogenous ABA increased the activities of antioxidants and the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants, effectively inhibited the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, O2-· production rate. Exogenous ABA induced the activation of endogenous protective mechanisms by increasing antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as well as elevated levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants including ascorbic acid (ASA) and glutathione (GSH). Moreover, the yield loss of 5.81%-39.84% caused by chilling stress was alleviated by spraying ABA. In conclusion, foliar spraying exogenous ABA can reduce the negative effects of low-temperature stress on the yield of Adzuki beans, which is essential to ensure stable production of Adzuki beans under low-temperature conditions.

Assuntos

Ácido Abscísico , Antioxidantes , Temperatura Baixa , Vigna , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Ácido Abscísico/farmacologia , Vigna/efeitos dos fármacos , Vigna/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo

RESUMO

Large-scale coal mine gas explosion (CMGE) accidents have occurred occasionally and exerted a devastating effect on society. Therefore, it is essential to systematically identify the characteristics and association rules of causes of CMGE accidents through analysis on large-scale CMGE accident reports. In this study, 298 large-scale CMGE accidents in China from 2000 to 2021 were taken as the data sample, and mathematical statistical methods were adopted to analyze their general characteristics, coupling cross characteristics, and characteristics of gas accumulation and ignition sources. Moreover, the text mining technology and the Apriori algorithm were used for exploring the formation mechanism of CMGE accidents, during which 46 main causal factors were identified and 59 strong association rules were obtained. Furthermore, an accident causation network was constructed based on the co-occurrence matrix. The key causal items and sets of CMGE accidents were clarified through network centrality analysis. According to the research results, electrical equipment failure, cable short circuit, mine lamp misfire, hot-line work, and blasting spark are the key ignition sources of CMGE. Fan failure, airflow short circuit, and local ventilation fan damage are the main causes of gas accumulation. Besides, the confidence levels of two association rules of "static spark-fan failure" and "blasting spark-airflow short circuit" are higher than 70%, indicating that they are the two dominant risk-coupling paths of gas explosions. In addition, six causes appear frequently in the shortest risk paths of gas explosion and are closely related to other causes, i.e., fan failure, local ventilation fan damage, static sparks, electrical equipment failure, self-heating ignition, and friction impact sparks. This study provides a new perspective on identifying causes of accidents and their complex association mechanisms from accident report data for practical guidance in risk assessment and accident prevention.

Assuntos

Minas de Carvão , Explosões , China , Carvão Mineral , Gases , Acidentes

RESUMO

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) herald transformative potentials for reshaping glaucoma clinical management, improving screening efficacy, sharpening diagnosis precision, and refining the detection of disease progression. However, incorporating AI into healthcare usages faces significant hurdles in terms of developing algorithms and putting them into practice. When creating algorithms, issues arise due to the intensive effort required to label data, inconsistent diagnostic standards, and a lack of thorough testing, which often limits the algorithms' widespread applicability. Additionally, the "black box" nature of AI algorithms may cause doctors to be wary or skeptical. When it comes to using these tools, challenges include dealing with lower-quality images in real situations and the systems' limited ability to work well with diverse ethnic groups and different diagnostic equipment. Looking ahead, new developments aim to protect data privacy through federated learning paradigms, improving algorithm generalizability by diversifying input data modalities, and augmenting datasets with synthetic imagery. The integration of smartphones appears promising for using AI algorithms in both clinical and non-clinical settings. Furthermore, bringing in large language models (LLMs) to act as interactive tool in medicine may signify a significant change in how healthcare will be delivered in the future. By navigating through these challenges and leveraging on these as opportunities, the field of glaucoma AI will not only have improved algorithmic accuracy and optimized data integration but also a paradigmatic shift towards enhanced clinical acceptance and a transformative improvement in glaucoma care.

RESUMO

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of axial elongation on ganglion cell complex thickness (GCCT) and retinal capillary density (CD) using wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted involving 506 eyes. Fovea-centered scans were obtained to assess the subregional GCCT and capillary density across the whole retina, the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP) among three groups: normal control, high myopia (HM) eyes with axial length < 28 mm, and HM eyes with axial length > 28 mm. Regional variations (central vs. peripheral, quadrants difference [superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal]) were analyzed. Results: In HM eyes with axial length > 28 mm, GCCT and retinal CD exhibit a general decline in most regions (P < 0.05). In HM eyes with axial length < 28 mm, significant reductions were observed specifically in peripheral regions, as in the GCCT beyond the 3 × 3 mm2 area and CD in the 9-12 mm whole retina, 9-12 mm superior SCP, and 6-12 mm DCP (P < 0.05). Maximum GCCT and retinal CD reduction with axial elongation was observed in subregions beyond 6 × 6  mm2. Conclusions: GCCT beyond the 3 × 3 mm2 area and peripheral retinal CD beyond the 6 × 6  mm2 area were more susceptible to axial elongation and are thereby deserving of particular attention. Translational Relevance: It is necessary to evaluate different regions during the clinical assessment of the effect of myopia on the fundus and pay close attention to the peripheral retina.

Assuntos

Células Ganglionares da Retina , Vasos Retinianos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Humanos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Masculino , Células Ganglionares da Retina/patologia , Feminino , Vasos Retinianos/diagnóstico por imagem , Vasos Retinianos/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Miopia/patologia , Miopia/diagnóstico por imagem , Miopia/fisiopatologia , Microvasos/patologia , Microvasos/diagnóstico por imagem , Comprimento Axial do Olho/patologia , Comprimento Axial do Olho/diagnóstico por imagem , Fibras Nervosas/patologia , Angiofluoresceinografia/métodos , Adulto Jovem , Idoso , Capilares/patologia , Capilares/diagnóstico por imagem

RESUMO

The earliest forests in the Devonian were reported from only four localities worldwide. The tree lycopsids, sometimes as the primary elements of Devonian forests, had evolved several types of rooting systems. In recent years, we found and excavated a Late Devonian (Famennian, 374-359 Ma) lycopsid forest from Zhejiang Province, China. The fossil forest occurs at seven locations of Lincheng Town of Changxing County and mainly consists of in situ small tree lycopsid (Heliodendron longshanense gen. et sp. nov.) stems usually connected to lobed cormose rhizomorphs. The four short lobes of each rhizomorph often branch once and bear roots arranged radially. Allometry is observed between the trunk diameter of Heliodendron and the length of its rhizomorphic lobes, indicating that the trunk develops later than the rhizomorph in tree lycopsid plants. The Devonian witnessed the transformation from clastic nonlycopsid dominated forests to Carboniferous swampy forests dominated by giant lycopsid trees. These trees form a multigenerational community, as shown by the in situ preserved stems at various levels within the same area due to frequent sedimentation events.

RESUMO

Large language models (LLMs), a natural language processing technology based on deep learning, are currently in the spotlight. These models closely mimic natural language comprehension and generation. Their evolution has undergone several waves of innovation similar to convolutional neural networks. The transformer architecture advancement in generative artificial intelligence marks a monumental leap beyond early-stage pattern recognition via supervised learning. With the expansion of parameters and training data (terabytes), LLMs unveil remarkable human interactivity, encompassing capabilities such as memory retention and comprehension. These advances make LLMs particularly well-suited for roles in healthcare communication between medical practitioners and patients. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the trajectory of LLMs and their potential implications for clinicians and patients. For clinicians, LLMs can be used for automated medical documentation, and given better inputs and extensive validation, LLMs may be able to autonomously diagnose and treat in the future. For patient care, LLMs can be used for triage suggestions, summarization of medical documents, explanation of a patient's condition, and customizing patient education materials tailored to their comprehension level. The limitations of LLMs and possible solutions for real-world use are also presented. Given the rapid advancements in this area, this review attempts to briefly cover many roles that LLMs may play in the ophthalmic space, with a focus on improving the quality of healthcare delivery.

Assuntos

Processamento de Linguagem Natural , Oftalmologia , Humanos , Aprendizado Profundo , Inteligência Artificial , Redes Neurais de Computação

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Despite the efficacy of absolute ethanol (EtOH), its radiolucency introduces several risks in interventional therapy for treating vascular malformations. This study aims to develop a novel radiopaque ethanol injection (REI) to address this issue. METHODS: Iopromide is mixed with ethanol to achieve radiopacity and improve the physicochemical properties of the solution. Overall, 82 male New Zealand white rabbits are selected for in vivo radiopacity testing, peripheral vein sclerosis [animals were divided into the following 5 groups (n = 6): negative control (NC, saline, 0.250 ml/kg), positive control (EtOH, 0.250 ml/kg), low-dose REI (L-D REI, 0.125 ml/kg), moderate-dose REI (M-D REI, 0.250 ml/kg), and high-dose REI (H-D REI 0.375 ml/kg)], pharmacokinetic analyses (the blood sample was harvested before injection, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 40 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h after injection in peripheral vein sclerosis experiment), peripheral artery embolization [animals were divided into the following 5 groups (n = 3): NC (saline, 0.250 ml/kg), positive control (EtOH, 0.250 ml/kg), L-D REI (0.125 ml/kg), M-D REI (0.250 ml/kg), and H-D REI (0.375 ml/kg)], kidney transcatheter arterial embolization [animals were divided into the following 4 groups (n = 3): positive control (EtOH, 0.250 ml/kg), L-D REI (0.125 ml/kg), M-D REI (0.250 ml/kg), and H-D REI (0.375 ml/kg); each healthy kidney was injected with saline as negative control], and biosafety evaluations [animals were divided into the following 5 groups (n = 3): NC (0.250 ml/kg), high-dose EtOH (0.375 ml/kg), L-D REI (0.125 ml/kg), M-D REI (0.250 ml/kg), and H-D REI (0.375 ml/kg)]. Then, a prospective cohort study involving 6 patients with peripheral venous malformations (VMs) is performed to explore the clinical safety and effectiveness of REI. From Jun 1, 2023 to August 31, 2023, 6 patients [age: (33.3 ± 17.2) years] with lingual VMs received sclerotherapy of REI and 2-month follow-up. Adverse events and serious adverse events were evaluated, whereas the efficacy of REI was determined by both the traceability of the REI under DSA throughout the entire injection and the therapeutic effect 2 months after a single injection. RESULTS: The REI contains 81.4% ethanol (v/v) and 111.3 mg/ml iodine, which can be traced throughout the injection in the animals and patients. The REI also exerts a similar effect as EtOH on peripheral venous sclerosis, peripheral arterial embolization, and renal embolization. Furthermore, the REI can be metabolized at a similar rate compared to EtOH and Ultravist® and did not cause injury to the animals' heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys and brain. No REI-related adverse effects have occurred during sclerotherapy of VMs, and 4/6 patients (66.7%) have achieved complete response at follow-up. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, REI is safe, exerts therapeutic effects, and compensates for the radiolucency of EtOH in treating VMs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The clinical trial was registered as No. ChiCTR2300071751 on May 24 2023.

Assuntos

Etanol , Malformações Vasculares , Animais , Coelhos , Etanol/uso terapêutico , Etanol/farmacologia , Masculino , Malformações Vasculares/terapia , Malformações Vasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Meios de Contraste/farmacocinética , Meios de Contraste/farmacologia , Meios de Contraste/uso terapêutico , Iohexol/análogos & derivados

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Mandibular arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is rare. Our work aims to introduce the ethanol embolization of a patient suffering from acute oral hemorrhage induced by mandibular AVM. METHODS: A 35-year-old woman without coagulopathy underwent tooth extraction, and the acute oral bleeding occurred intraoperatively. Imaging examinations indicated the enhancement of vascular mass with bone destruction inside the mandible. Angiography finally confirmed the high blood flow nature and the diagnosis of AVM. RESULTS: During the interventional procedure, the coils were first applied into the dilated outflowing vein to slow down the blood flow rate of mandibular AVM. Absolute ethanol was injected in a multi-bolus modality to destroy the nidus of AVM. Her mandibular lesion had been stable in the 12-month re-examined angiography, no further bleeding occurred during the period. CONCLUSIONS: Ethanol embolotherapy was a less invasive, more precise, and quick-action approach managing AVM of the jaw and related emergency medicine.

Assuntos

Malformações Arteriovenosas , Embolização Terapêutica , Etanol , Mandíbula , Hemorragia Bucal , Extração Dentária , Humanos , Feminino , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Adulto , Malformações Arteriovenosas/terapia , Malformações Arteriovenosas/complicações , Etanol/administração & dosagem , Extração Dentária/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia Bucal/etiologia , Hemorragia Bucal/terapia , Mandíbula/irrigação sanguínea , Angiografia

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Clinically, arteriovenous malformations in the buttocks (bAVMs) are extremely rare. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ethanol embolotherapy in managing bAVMs. RESULTS: A total of 32 patients with bAVMs (14 females and 18 males) from 2012 to 2021 were included in this study. All patients underwent complete clinical and imaging examinations. Further, the AVMs lesions were analyzed according to Schöbinger staging and Yakes classification. Each patient had undergone a multistage ethanol embolization. The amelioration of clinical symptoms and devascularization on angiography were evaluated at regular follow-ups. In the present cohort, the 11-20 age group had the most patients (15/32; 46.88%). A total of 124 embolization procedures were performed (average 3.88 procedures per patient), and the average dose of absolute ethanol was 18.96 mL per procedure. Thirteen patients with dominant draining veins underwent additional coil deployment before ethanol embolization (13/32; 40.63%). During follow-ups, clinical improvement was found in 23 of 27 who presented with a pulsating mass (85.19%), 17 of 20 with abnormal local skin temperature (85%), 5 of 6 with bleeding (83.33%), and 5 of 5 patients treated for pain (100%). More than 75% angiographic devascularization was achieved in 18 patients (18/32; 56.25%). Finally, 12 out of 13 patients (92.31%) reduced from Schöbinger Stage III to a lower grade, and ten patients exhibited a complete response (10/32; 31.23%). There was a single serious complication of local necrosis, while neither paranesthesia nor infection was observed postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Ethanol embolization assisted with coils can treat bAVMs effectively and safely. The Yakes classification contributed to the optimal ethanol embolotherapy of bAVMs.

Assuntos

Malformações Arteriovenosas , Embolização Terapêutica , Etanol , Humanos , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Feminino , Masculino , Etanol/uso terapêutico , Malformações Arteriovenosas/terapia , Nádegas/irrigação sanguínea , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Criança , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento

RESUMO

Spontaneous combustion of coal gangue (CG) hills has caused varieties of secondary disasters that seriously endanger the ecological environment of the world. The emission law of index gases and their oxidation kinetics during the secondary oxidation process of CG with different ranks of oxidation were studied by using the temperature programmed device and online mass spectrometer (MS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to reveal the changes of the CG internal active functional groups. The results showed that the energy required for the combustion of CG with low rank of pre-oxidation was significantly lower than that of the raw sample. However, as the oxidation rank increased, due to amounts of volatile components were released in the process of oxidation reaction, the CG in the combustion process of the emission of index gases and its oxygen consumption rate gradually reduced; the rapid oxidation stage shifted to the direction of the high temperature. In this study, the risk of spontaneous combustion of CG after oxidation at 80 â„ƒ under 3% oxygen concentration was the strongest. The results of this paper are of great guiding significance for exploring the spontaneous combustion characteristics of CG hills and their prevention by traditional covering method.

Assuntos

Carvão Mineral , Oxirredução , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Combustão Espontânea

RESUMO

Exploring the impact factors associated with biodiversity and the relationship between them has always been a concerned issue in recent years. However, the previous research mostly focus on theoretical layer. Accordingly, the relationship between landscape pattern and biodiversity is to be analyzed in this research. The landscape pattern determines the function and ecological process of the landscape, and affects the species flow, information flow and energy flow in the landscape. Land use patterns has inevitably left an impact on the landscape pattern. Landscape pattern determines the function and ecological process of landscape and thus plays a significant role in biodiversity. East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve is taken as the research object of the paper, and the remote sensing image data of three different time periods are collected, including 2000, 2010 and 2020. With an interpretation of the vegetation landscape pattern changes inside the protected area to collect and analyze the vegetation coverage. By comparing landscape patterns and the dynamic changes of land use in different periods of time, the correlation between landscape pattern characteristics and regional biodiversity is to be analyzed. Research shows: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the vegetation coverage of East Dongting Lake increased, but the landscape shape, scale, diversity and uniformity index decreased to varying degrees. (2) At the class level of landscape type, the relationship between landscape index and biodiversity is different. A complex relationship between farmland landscape and biodiversity. There is a significant positive correlation between the index of grassland landscape type and the index of regional biodiversity. (3) The correlation analysis results at the landscape level show that the landscape characteristic index is positively correlated with the regional biodiversity index. The grassland landscape in the area is the main habitat of biological species. At the same time, as the main grain producing area, the impact of farmland landscape cannot be ignored. This study has certain theoretical guiding significance for the protection and management of biodiversity in the region in terms of maintaining landscape pattern in particular the grassland landscape area and increasing vegetation coverage in the process of land use.

Assuntos

Biodiversidade , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Lagos , Plantas , Áreas Alagadas , Lagos/química , China , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Ecossistema

RESUMO

Forests appeared during the Middle to Late Devonian, but Devonian forests and their compositions are still rarely known. Xinhang forest was reported as the largest Devonian forest, with lycopsid trees of Guangdedendron micrum Wang et al. A fern-like plant Xinhangia spina Yang and Wang with shoots and anatomy, was previously described from this forest, but its habit and ecology remain unclear. From Xinhang forest, we now report more specimens of fern-like plants including X. spina and some unnamed plants in several beds. Prominent adventitious roots, spines and secondary xylem indicate that the stems of X. spina are largely procumbent to function as anchorage, absorption and support. Other fern-like plants with distinct roots or multiple slender branches also suggest procumbent habits. Xinhang forest is thus reconsidered as multispecific with a canopy of lycopsid trees and understory of diverse fern-like plants, which are adapted to the disturbed coastal environment. The composition of Xinhang forest may indicate a structural transition of the early forests' dominator from fern-like plants to lycopsids.

RESUMO

The relay protection sensitivity is one of the determined factors in the power system, however, it is often overlooked in current distribution network (DN) planning. The relay protection sensitivity can be decreased to below the minimum values, failing to meet the requirements for electrical installations. To address this challenge, a new optimization model integrated with the relay protection sensitivity to maximize the inverter interfaced distributed generator (IIDG) penetration level while minimizing IIDG investment was proposed in this paper. The IIDG effect on the relay protection sensitivity was analysed and the relay protection sensitivity re-evaluation method was developed. The relay protection sensitivity evaluation was integrated into the proposed model and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was developed to solve the nonlinear issue. The proposed optimization method was tested on different cases, and results confirmed the effectiveness of the method. Furthermore, the relay sensitivity profiles obtained through the proposed method and the optimization without considering the relay sensitivity limits were compared. The proposed method improves the average and minimum sensitivity factors by 28.77 % and 51.76 %, respectively, when the DTO protection functions as the backup for the protected line in the thirty-three-node system. When DTO acts as the backup for the adjacent line, the average and minimum values increase by 29.91 % and 50.95 %, respectively. Comparative analysis confirms the efficacy of the proposed method. The new method extends the power system panning approaches and can be integrated into the DN planning tools to support the low-carbon initiatives.

RESUMO

The conventional reflective optical surface with adjustable reflection characteristics requires a complex external power source. The complicated structure and preparation process of the power system leads to the limited modulation of the reflective properties and difficulty of use in large-scale applications. Inspired by the biological compound eye, different microstructures are utilized to modulate the optical performance. Convex aspheric micromirror arrays (MMAs) can increase the luminance gain while expanding the field of view, with a luminance gain wide angle > 90° and a field-of-view wide angle close to 180°, which has the reflective characteristics of a large gain wide angle and a large field-of-view wide angle. Concave aspheric micromirror arrays can increase the luminance gain by a relatively large amount of up to 2.66, which has the reflective characteristics of high gain. Industrial-level production and practical applications in the projection display segment were carried out. The results confirmed that convex MMAs are able to realize luminance gain over a wide spectrum and a wide range of angles, and concave MMAs are able to substantially enhance luminance gain, which may provide new opportunities in developing advanced reflective optical surfaces.

RESUMO

The carbonic anhydrase 2 (Car2) gene encodes the primary isoenzyme responsible for aqueous humor (AH) production and plays a major role in the regulation of intraocular pressure (IOP). The CRISPR-Cas9 system, based on the ShH10 adenovirus-associated virus, can efficiently disrupt the Car2 gene in the ciliary body. With a single intravitreal injection, Car2 knockout can significantly and sustainably reduce IOP in both normal mice and glaucoma models by inhibiting AH production. Furthermore, it effectively delays and even halts glaucomatous damage induced by prolonged high IOP in a chronic ocular hypertension model, surpassing the efficacy of clinically available carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as brinzolamide. The clinical application of CRISPR-Cas9 based disruption of Car2 is an attractive therapeutic strategy that could bring additional benefits to patients with glaucoma.

Assuntos

Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Anidrase Carbônica II , Corpo Ciliar , Glaucoma , Pressão Intraocular , Animais , Glaucoma/genética , Glaucoma/patologia , Glaucoma/metabolismo , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Corpo Ciliar/metabolismo , Corpo Ciliar/patologia , Anidrase Carbônica II/genética , Anidrase Carbônica II/metabolismo , Camundongos , Humor Aquoso/metabolismo , Humanos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Inibidores da Anidrase Carbônica/farmacologia , Inibidores da Anidrase Carbônica/uso terapêutico , Deleção de Genes , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Hipertensão Ocular/genética , Hipertensão Ocular/patologia

Assuntos

Hemangioma , Anormalidades Linfáticas , Dermatopatias Vasculares , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Malformações Vasculares , Humanos , Anormalidades Linfáticas/genética , Fenótipo , Genótipo , Malformações Vasculares/genética

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic performance of the capillary density (CD) of the central 1-6 mm and peripheral 6-12 mm annular regions in detecting open-angle glaucoma in high myopia (HM) using 15 × 12 mm wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (WF SS-OCTA). METHODS: The study enrolled 206 and 103 eyes with HM and highly myopic open-angle glaucoma (HM-OAG), respectively. WF SS-OCTA images centred on the fovea were obtained to analyse the changes in the CD in the 1-3 mm, 3-6 mm, 6-9 mm, and 9-12 mm annular regions. CD of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) was measured with the built-in software. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of each region was compared. RESULTS: The diagnostic performance of the SCP CD in the central 1-6 mm annular region (AUROC = 0.849) was better than that in the peripheral 6-12 mm annular region (AUROC = 0.756, p = 0.001). The annular AUROCs of SCP CD peaked in the 3-6 mm annular region (AUROC = 0.858) and gradually decreased with increasing diameter and were lower than the corresponding AUROCs of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). SCP CD of the inferior quadrant in the 3-6 mm annular region had the best diagnostic performance (AUROC = 0.859). CONCLUSION: The SCP CD in the central 1-6 mm annular region exhibited better diagnostic performance for the detection of HM-OAG in HM. The assessment of more peripheral regions has no added value in detecting glaucoma in HM.

Assuntos

Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto , Miopia , Humanos , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/diagnóstico , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Células Ganglionares da Retina , Pressão Intraocular , Campos Visuais , Miopia/diagnóstico , Angiografia , Vasos Retinianos