RESUMO
Three ranges of increasing temperatures (35-43, 37-45, 39-47 degrees C) were sequentially applied to a five-stage system continuously operated with cell recycling so that differences of 2 degrees C (between one reactor to the next) and 8 degrees C (between the first reactor at the highest temperature and the fifth at the lowest temperature) were kept among the reactors for each temperature range. The entire system was fed through the first reactor. The lowest values of biomass and viability were obtained for reactor R(3) located in the middle of the system. The highest yield of biomass was obtained in the effluent when the system was operated at 35-43 degrees C. This nonconventional system was set up to simulate the local fluctuations in temperature and nutrient concentrations that occur in different regions of the medium in an industrial bioreactor for fuel ethanol production mainly in tropical climates. Minimized cell death and continuous sugar utilization were observed at temperatures normally considered too high for Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentations.
Assuntos
Reatores Biológicos/microbiologia , Etanol/metabolismo , Temperatura Alta , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Biomassa , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Fermentação , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/citologiaRESUMO
Operations Just Cause and Desert Storm were of relatively brief duration; however, severe wounds were produced that required complex reconstructive procedures. This paper describes the type of wounds managed in theater and subsequently at three U.S. military medical centers. Specific reconstructive techniques included local and free muscle, fasciocutaneous, and composite flaps. Emphasis is placed on the application of microsurgical techniques to battle-related injuries.
Assuntos
Militares , Traumatismo Múltiplo/cirurgia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/métodos , Guerra , Ferimentos e Lesões/cirurgia , Adulto , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Microcirurgia , Oriente Médio , Panamá , Estados UnidosRESUMO
In 1973, three groups of randomly selected migrant labor families resident in Laredo, Texas were enrolled in a prepaid health insurance study. A study was implemented to determine the kinds and costs of medical care used by Mexican American migrant labor families in their homebase and travel areas where financial barriers to care were eliminated or reduced. At the end of three years it was found that the study population used ambulatory services about one-half as much as the general U.S. population while hospital use approached regional norms. The differences between homebase and out-of-area use are highlighted, and the reported failure to use any public facilities outside of Laredo is discussed.