RESUMO
Stroke survivors present a less efficient gait compared to healthy subjects due to abnormal knee flexion during the swing phase of gait, associated with spasticity of the rectus femoris muscle and overactivity of the ankle plantarflexors. It is relevant to understand the effect of the ankle foot orthosis (AFO) on gait in individuals with plantarflexor spasticity. The aim of this study was to compare the knee kinematics with an AFO/footwear combination and barefoot in post-stroke subjects with plantarflexor spasticity. Ten subjects with chronic hemiplegia were measured. Two kinematic variables were assessed during the swing phase of the paretic limb: knee flexion angle at toeoff and peak knee flexion angle. We also analyzed gait speed and step length of the non-paretic limb. All variables were obtained with and without the orthosis. Kinematic data were acquired using a motion capture system (ELITE). Subjects wearing an AFO showed significant improvements in gait speed (0.62 m/s (0.08 SD) vs. 0.47 m/s (0.13 SD) (p=0.007)), step length of the non-paretic limb (42 cm (5.9 SD) vs. 33.5 cm (6.6 SD) (p=0.005)) and peak knee flexion angle during the swing phase: 30.7° (14.1° SD) vs. 26.3° (11.7° SD) p=0.005. No significant differences were obtained in the knee flexion angle at toeoff between no AFO and AFO conditions. We described benefits with AFO/footwear use in the kinematics of the knee, the step length of the non-paretic limb, and the gait velocity in hemiplegic subjects after mild to moderate stroke. We conclude that the use of an AFO can improve the gait pattern and increase velocity in these subjects.
Assuntos
Marcha/fisiologia , Hemiplegia/reabilitação , Articulação do Joelho/fisiopatologia , Espasticidade Muscular/reabilitação , Aparelhos Ortopédicos , Adulto , Tornozelo , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Feminino , Pé , Hemiplegia/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espasticidade Muscular/fisiopatologia , Caminhada/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We conducted a meeting of experts to establish rules for the management of patients with cardiovascular devices when they require a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study in the most common clinical scenarios, defining whether the study is safe, unsafe or conditional.
Assuntos
Fios Ortopédicos , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/normas , Marca-Passo Artificial , Stents , Humanos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Se realizó una reunión de expertos para establecer normas para el abordaje de pacientes con dispositivos cardiovasculares cuando requieran la realización de una resonancia magnética (RM) en los escenarios clínicos más frecuentes, definiendo si la realización de la RM es segura, insegura o condicional.
We conducted a meeting of experts to establish rules for the management of patients with cardiovascular devices when they require a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study in the most common clinical scenarios, defining whether the study is safe, unsafe or conditional.
Assuntos
Humanos , Fios Ortopédicos , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/normas , Marca-Passo Artificial , Stents , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
A pesar de las mejoras significativas en los criterios de selección de los receptores de trasplante cardíaco, la mejor preservación de los órganos, las nuevas terapéuticas inmunosupresoras y los avances en el cuidado postrasplante, los pacientes que recibieron un trasplante cardíaco continúan con una tasa alta de falla temprana y tardía del injerto. Se han propuesto múltiples intervenciones terapéuticas para estos casos; sin embargo, los dispositivos de asistencia ventricular y el retrasplante cardíaco permanecen como el tratamiento definitivo para este subgrupo de pacientes. En esta presentación se describe un caso de shock cardiogénico refractario posinfarto agudo de miocardio en un paciente con trasplante cardíaco previo, que fue tratado en forma consecutiva con balón de contrapulsación intraaórtico, cirugía de revascularización miocárdica y, finalmente, por continuar en shock cardiogénico refractario con falla multiorgánica, recibió asistencia circulatoria con Levitronix® CentriMag® como puente al retrasplante. Luego de 21 días en asistencia ventricular y mejoría franca de la falla multiorgánica, se realizó el trasplante ortotópico.
Despite the significant advances in recipient selection criteria for cardiac transplantation, organ preservation techniques, novel immunosuppressive agents, and care following transplantation, early and late graft failures are still high in heart transplant recipients. Several therapeutic interventions have been described for these cases; however, the use of ventricular assist devices and cardiac retransplantation still remain as the definite treatment for this subgroup of patients. We describe a case of refractory cardiogenic shock due to acute myocardial infarction in a patient with a history of heart transplantation that was consecutively treated with intraaortic balloon pump and myocardial revascularization surgery. Despite therapy, the patient remained in refractory cardiogenic shock with múltiple organ failure and received Levitronix® CentriMag® as a bridge to retransplantation. After 21 days under circulatory support, múltiple organ failure reverted and the patient underwent orthotopic heart transplantation.
RESUMO
A reduced platelet inhibitory response to acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) has been associated with an increased risk of graft thrombotic occlusion after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We performed a prospective, observational study of 18 patients on 100 mg/day ASA before and after CABG. We assessed antiplatelet response to ASA and its relationship with platelet turnover, inflammatory markers, and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) levels. All patients showed optimal response to ASA preoperatively but had higher values during follow-up. Platelet aggregation and platelet count in the perioperative period were significantly associated (P=0.05). Platelet turnover was defined as the average daily turnover (ADTO). The lowest inhibitory value (28% of patients > or =6 Omega) was recorded at the same time of the highest platelet turnover (>10% daily in 77.77% of patients), one week after CABG. ADTO >10% was associated with an increased risk of platelet aggregation > or =6 Omega. Levels of sTM were significantly higher one week after CABG (median 13 vs. 3 ng/ml preoperatively, P=0.0011). There is a transient impairment in ASA antiplatelet effect after CABG related to an increased platelet turnover caused by the inflammatory process. This could be responsible for the high risk of occlusive thrombosis.
Assuntos
Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Inflamação/etiologia , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Trombose/etiologia , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/imunologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Contagem de Plaquetas , Estudos Prospectivos , Trombomodulina/sangue , Trombose/sangue , Trombose/imunologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Because medical residency is a stressful time for training physicians, placing residents at increased risk for psychological distress, the authors studied the prevalence of burnout, perceived stress, and depression in cardiology residents in Argentina and examined the association between sociodemographic characteristics and these syndromes. METHODS: The authors conducted a cross-sectional observational study of 106 cardiology residents in Argentina and a comparison group of 104 age- and gender-matched nonmedical professionals. The main outcome measures included the prevalence of burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory, distress with the Perceived Stress Scale, and depression with the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS: One hundred six residents completed the survey. Of these, 31.3% were women, the mean age was 29.1 years old, and half were married. Respondents worked an average of 64 hours per week, and 60% of the residents needed a second job. High emotional exhaustion and depersonalization was found in the majority of respondents. Significant depressive symptoms were found in less than half of residents, and stress was on average 21.7 points on the Perceived Stress Scale. Residents who had a second job showed high levels of depersonalization. No other association was found with sociodemographic characteristics. There were no differences in sociodemographic characteristics of residents compared with nonmedical professionals, but nonmedical professionals worked less hours per week, had a lower percentage of second jobs, and higher salary. Burnout, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress were significantly lower in the reference group. CONCLUSION: Cardiology residents in Argentina exhibit high levels of burnout, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms, which warrants greater attention to the psychological needs of residents.