RESUMO
The objective of this study was to obtain an estimate for seroprevalences of Theileria equi (Babesia equi) and Babesia caballi in horses from northeastern Mexico. Sera were collected in spring of 2007 in 248 clinically healthy horses used for different purposes. Antibodies were detected by the indirect immunofluorecent technique. The overall seroprevalence was 61.7% and those for T. equi and B. caballi were 45.2% and 27.4%, respectively. Horse purpose, sex, and age group were not associated with infection with Theileria equi or Babesia caballi.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Babesia/imunologia , Babesiose/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Theileria/imunologia , Theileriose/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Animais , Babesiose/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Intervalos de Confiança , Feminino , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Cavalos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
Suppose one of your clients from southern Florida starts talking about cattle egrets while you are vaccinating her cat. It seems she found a nearly dead egret near the cattle pen a few days ago, picked it up, and noticed a number of what looked like small ticks on the legs. Or, suppose you are called out to a small dairy in central Texas to look at some cows that are feverish and anemic. The first animal you examine has a few brown ticks attached just under the tail. Finally, perhaps you are looking at a lame tortoise for a reptile fancier, a new client, and find a large, colorful tick on a hind leg, well up under the shell. Ring any bells? Egrets are great hosts for the immature stages of Amblyomma ticks and have been captured and marked in the eastern Caribbean, then recaptured in the Florida Keys. Those cattle ticks in Texas might be acaricide-resistant Boophilus ticks that originated in Mexico. The Amblyomma tick on the tortoise could well have "hitch-hiked" all the way from South Africa. By now you remember that both Amblyomma and Boophilus ticks are efficient vectors of two tickborne diseases in this hemisphere, heartwater (in the case of Amblyomma) and babesiosis (transmitted by Boophilus ticks). Both of these diseases are exotic to the United States, and because our livestock are considered to be totally susceptible, an introduced infection could result in high initial death losses (approximately 70%); thus, both the ticks and the diseases pose immediate threats to the health and economic security of United States animal industries. Most importantly, you, whether as a small animal or large animal practitioner, are the first line of defense against such exotic diseases and their vectors.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Animais/prevenção & controle , Babesiose/veterinária , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Hidropericárdio/prevenção & controle , Controle de Ácaros e Carrapatos/métodos , Carrapatos , Doenças dos Animais/epidemiologia , Animais , Babesiose/prevenção & controle , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Cooperação Internacional , México , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The cattle tick Boophilus microplus causes significant economic losses in cattle in the tropical areas of Central and South America. Acaricides are widely used to control tick infestations, with the consequent selection of tolerant and resistant subpopulations. Detoxifying enzymes, and esterases in particular, have been associated with organophosphate resistance in Mexican isolates of B. microplus ticks. Here, we present results of the biochemical detection of esterases and oxidases in 20 isolates of larvae and adult ticks and the effect of esterase and oxidase inhibitors on larvae and adult stages of the tick. Our results indicate the presence of significant differences both in vivo and in vitro between esterase and oxidase activities of OP-susceptible and OP-resistant isolates, even when samples were collected in the same area. The importance of such differences in regionalized integrated pest management and in the US Tick Eradication Program is discussed.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Cumafos , Inseticidas , Ixodidae/metabolismo , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Animais , Bioensaio/veterinária , Bovinos , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Feminino , Resistência a Inseticidas , Ixodidae/enzimologia , Larva , México , Organofosfatos/farmacologia , Controle de Ácaros e Carrapatos/métodosRESUMO
Extractos crudos de especímenes de Culex quinquefasciatus (Say), Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius) y Blatella germanica (L) fueron analizados por medio de electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida, para detectar actividad de B esterasas. Los extractos crudos de una cepa resistente a organofosforados de B. microplus presentaron diferencias en el patrón electroforético cuando fue comparado con una cepa susceptible a organofosforados de larvas de B. microplus. El extracto crudo de Cx. quinquefasciatus cepa florida presentó una banda de marcada actividad. En la muestra de A. cajennense se encontró una banda de diferente pero molecular; y en el extracto crudo de Blatella germanica se localizaron dos bandas de diferente peso molecular. Se utilizaron suero y eritrocitos de origen bovino como testigos.