RESUMO
The histologic changes in the respiratory tracts of chickens were evaluated after hatchery fumigation with 40% formaldehyde vapors and vaccination against infectious bronchitis virus with live attenuated vaccine (Massachusetts serotype). One-day-old chickens were housed in four isolation units in controlled environmental conditions, fed and watered ad libitum, and separated into four groups: 1) fumigated and vaccinated birds (FV group); 2) nonfumigated and vaccinated birds (NFV group); 3) fumigated and nonvaccinated birds (FNV group); and 4) control group (C group). All birds were tested to be free from Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. After necropsy on the first, eighth, and twenty-sixth days after birth, samples from tracheal upper portion and lungs were conventionally processed for light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Tissue response was monitored by microscopic examination of trachea and lung. On the first day of observation, fumigated and vaccinated birds (FV group) showed extensively damaged tracheal epithelium with exfoliated areas and some active glands with electrodense granules, and in the lung, the primary bronchi epithelium had disorganized cilia and abundant lymphocytes, with emphysematous areas in tertiary bronchus. On day 8 after vaccination, cubical and cylindrical tracheal cell proliferation was observed, and on day 26, ciliated columnar epithelium was almost regenerated with heterophil corion infiltration, and hyaline cartilage nodules appeared in parabronchi. The nonfumigated and vaccinated birds (NFV) revealed less injury on the epithelial surface and a more rapid response to epithelial regeneration than the in only fumigated animals (FNV). The control group did not show remarkable morphologic changes. Postvaccinal and fumigation effects on the upper respiratory tract were temporary, whereas in lungs, increased emphysema, cartilage nodules in the interchange zone, and general lymphocyte infiltration had caused intensive injury.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Formaldeído , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa/imunologia , Pulmão/citologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/imunologia , Traqueia/citologia , Vacinas Virais , Animais , Cartilagem/citologia , Galinhas , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Fumigação , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa/isolamento & purificação , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/ultraestrutura , Pulmão/virologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Mycoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Tempo , Traqueia/microbiologia , Traqueia/ultraestrutura , Traqueia/virologiaRESUMO
In this work, an attempt was made to asses possible regional specializations in the llama ductus epididymidis. According to histological and histochemical criteria, six segments (I-VI) were identified. Segment I was a short region where ductuli efferentes joined the ductus epididymidis. Segments II and III showed maximal epithelial height and mitotic activity, respectively, and weak LDH activity. Epithelial cells in segment IV contained PAS-positive, amylase and neuraminidase-resistant secretory granules. Segment V showed strong acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Segment VI was characterized by moderate acid phosphatase and high lactate dehydrogenase activities, respectively, and by maximal spermatozoa packaging. Scanning electron microscopy of epididymal spermatozoa revealed that cytoplasmic droplet translocation was accomplished at the distal part of the corpus epididymidis. Bent middle pieces characterized spermatozoa during droplet translocation.
Assuntos
Camelídeos Americanos/anatomia & histologia , Epididimo/anatomia & histologia , Espermatozoides/ultraestrutura , Animais , Epididimo/citologia , Histocitoquímica , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de VarreduraRESUMO
Mongrel, male, fasted, unanesthetized dogs under the following alternative treatments: 1) nil, 2) orchidectomy 4 months before the study, 3) orchidectomy 10 months in advance, 4) orchidectomy like in (3) followed by i.m. propylenglycol treatment, 0.05 ml/kg body wt./day, 15 days (vehicle controls, and 5) testosterone hemisuccinate in propylenglycol, 0.75 mg in 0.05 ml/kg body wt./day, for 15 days, were used in this study. Pancreas slices of animals of every group were stained with immunoperoxidase. The animals were fasted, anesthetized for pancreas removal. Pancreatic section mean absorbance was estimated in a Zeiss cytospectrophotometer with a coupled computer. Blood sugar (BS) and both serum, immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and free fatty acids (FFA) were assayed in these.
Assuntos
Glicemia/análise , Ácidos Graxos/sangue , Insulina/metabolismo , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Orquiectomia , Testosterona/farmacologia , Animais , Cães , Insulina/sangue , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/patologia , Masculino , Testosterona/uso terapêutico , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Mongrel, male, fasted, unanesthetized dogs under the following alternative treatments: 1) nil, 2) orchidectomy 4 months before the study, 3) orchidectomy 10 months in advance, 4) orchidectomy like in (3) followed by i.m. propylenglycol treatment, 0.05 ml/kg body wt./day, 15 days (vehicle controls, and 5) testosterone hemisuccinate in propylenglycol, 0.75 mg in 0.05 ml/kg body wt./day, for 15 days, were used in this study. Pancreas slices of animals of every group were stained with immunoperoxidase. The animals were fasted, anesthetized for pancreas removal. Pancreatic section mean absorbance was estimated in a Zeiss cytospectrophotometer with a coupled computer. Blood sugar (BS) and both serum, immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and free fatty acids (FFA) were assayed in these.
RESUMO
The actions of ovariectomy performed 4 months in advance on pancreas cytology and also upon the blood sugar, serum immunoreactive insulin and circulating free fatty acid changes over glucose and insulin tests, were studied in female dogs. We concluded that ovariectomy does not affect blood sugar -basally or during the tests-, glucose space and clearance rate of glucose from circulation. Conversely, the integrated insulinemic response over glucose test was highly risen (956%) by ovariectomy in such animals; the rise occurs despite they show a broadened (59%) insulin space, is slightly mediated by a reduction (132%) in insulin clearance from circulation, and appears to be chiefly mediated by a major enhancement in insulin secretion. The immunocytolocalization of insulin in the pancreatic tissue of ovariectomized female dogs showed hypertrophy of Langerhans islets, beta-degranulation but no vacuolation. However, the piling up of the beta-granules by the vascularly pole of the B-cells as well as the appearance of a pretty number of small islets and microislets widespread over the acini, absent in the pancreatic tissue of the untreated controls in anestrous, indicate for the insulin secretory potency of the pancreas of the ovariectomized female dog to be apparently high. In the female dog, ovariectomy affects serum free fatty acid levels via at least two mechanisms, viz., a) stimulation of lipid storage over the glucose test, and b) reduction in lipomobilization as insulin antagonism predominates.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/sangue , Insulina/metabolismo , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Ovariectomia , Pâncreas/patologia , Animais , Cães , Feminino , Secreção de Insulina , Pâncreas/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The actions of ovariectomy performed 4 months in advance on pancreas cytology and also upon the blood sugar, serum immunoreactive insulin and circulating free fatty acid changes over glucose and insulin tests, were studied in female dogs. We concluded that ovariectomy does not affect blood sugar -basally or during the tests-, glucose space and clearance rate of glucose from circulation. Conversely, the integrated insulinemic response over glucose test was highly risen (956
) by ovariectomy in such animals; the rise occurs despite they show a broadened (59
) insulin space, is slightly mediated by a reduction (132
) in insulin clearance from circulation, and appears to be chiefly mediated by a major enhancement in insulin secretion. The immunocytolocalization of insulin in the pancreatic tissue of ovariectomized female dogs showed hypertrophy of Langerhans islets, beta-degranulation but no vacuolation. However, the piling up of the beta-granules by the vascularly pole of the B-cells as well as the appearance of a pretty number of small islets and microislets widespread over the acini, absent in the pancreatic tissue of the untreated controls in anestrous, indicate for the insulin secretory potency of the pancreas of the ovariectomized female dog to be apparently high. In the female dog, ovariectomy affects serum free fatty acid levels via at least two mechanisms, viz., a) stimulation of lipid storage over the glucose test, and b) reduction in lipomobilization as insulin antagonism predominates.
RESUMO
The pancreatic cytology and the glycemic, insulinemic and serum free fatty acid responses in dogs during hyperglycemia induced by glucose and over hypoglycemia evoked by insulin have been studied. The dogs were in the alternative following conditions: untreated, under propylenglycol treatment (vehicle controls) and under testosterone propionate plus its vehicle. Testosterone dose: 0.75 mg/kg body wt./day, once daily. Both intramuscular treatments lasted 2 weeks. In the pancreas of the untreated dogs, the islets presented irregular edges with acute prominences, and B-cells could be clearly appreciated, with a high content of dark brown beta-granules of insulin. B-cells presented negative images of nuclei located in the central areas of such cells. In the pancreas of the testosterone treated dogs, the yellowish cytoplasms of the B-cells looked empty, bearing just a few beta-granules (small amount of stored insulin). The B-cells appear to present a great number of vacuoles in testosterone treated dogs. The curve of glycemia in the glucose and insulin tests, the glucose space and the half-life time of insulin in circulation in dogs under testosterone plus vehicle treatment were similar to those observed in dogs treated with propylenglycol pursuant to the same experimental design used in the other two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Testosterona/farmacologia , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cães , Secreção de Insulina , Masculino , Pâncreas/citologia , Testosterona/metabolismoRESUMO
The pancreatic cytology and the glycemic, insulinemic and serum free fatty acid responses in dogs during hyperglycemia induced by glucose and over hypoglycemia evoked by insulin have been studied. The dogs were in the alternative following conditions: untreated, under propylenglycol treatment (vehicle controls) and under testosterone propionate plus its vehicle. Testosterone dose: 0.75 mg/kg body wt./day, once daily. Both intramuscular treatments lasted 2 weeks. In the pancreas of the untreated dogs, the islets presented irregular edges with acute prominences, and B-cells could be clearly appreciated, with a high content of dark brown beta-granules of insulin. B-cells presented negative images of nuclei located in the central areas of such cells. In the pancreas of the testosterone treated dogs, the yellowish cytoplasms of the B-cells looked empty, bearing just a few beta-granules (small amount of stored insulin). The B-cells appear to present a great number of vacuoles in testosterone treated dogs. The curve of glycemia in the glucose and insulin tests, the glucose space and the half-life time of insulin in circulation in dogs under testosterone plus vehicle treatment were similar to those observed in dogs treated with propylenglycol pursuant to the same experimental design used in the other two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)