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OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to assess the published research on mandibular cortical and trabecular bone patterns (TBPs) in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) assessed by radiomorphometric index (RMI) analysis on dental radiographs. STUDY DESIGN: The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Observational studies that radiographically evaluated cortical and TBPs were analyzed. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Meta-analysis was performed for studies using dichotomous models or verifying mean differences according to RMI type. RESULTS: Thirteen papers were included. Mandibular cortical index (MCI) and mental index (MI) were the most frequently evaluated RMIs. For MCI, the estimated risk ratio for decreased bone mineral density indicated by greater porosity in the cortices was 13.7% in CKD patients (95% confidence interval: 0.04-0.24; P = .008) when compared to healthy individuals. MI mean differences in CKD compared to control groups ranged from -0.5100 to -0.2000 mm. However, risk of bias was generally high and quality of evidence was very low. CONCLUSIONS: MCI and MI are useful screening tests in assessing bone patterns but must be evaluated with caution due to the risk of bias and low quality of evidence in the published literature.

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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this scoping review is to evaluate the oral manifestations (OM) of heart transplant (HT) patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy (IT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was performed using keywords and MeSH terms related to OM and HT in the Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, LILACS/BBO databases and in gray literature without language or date restrictions until June 2023. Studies that evaluated HT individuals who used any IT and who reported the occurrence of OM were considered eligible. The results from the search were imported to EndNote Web, and duplicates were removed followed by title/abstract and full-text analysis. RESULTS: A total of 402 nonduplicated studies were found and 13 fulfilled the criteria and were included in the present review: 10 cross-sectional, 2 cohorts, and 1 clinical trial. The most reported OM were periodontal diseases, including drug-induced gingival enlargement (DIGE), gingival bleeding, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Reported in a minority of studies are oral cancer, opportunistic infections (oral hairy leukoplakia and erythematous candidiasis), enamel defects, and burning mouth. CONCLUSION: Considering the methodological heterogeneity of the studies analyzed, DIGE is the most commonly observed oral manifestation in HT individuals.

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Introdução: o carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) é uma neoplasia maligna que pode afetar as estruturas sinonasais e se estender para a cavidade oral. Objetivo: relatar o processo de diagnóstico de um CCE sinonasal, o qual cursou com envolvimento oral. Relato do caso: um homem de 61 anos procurou atendimento odontológico com um aumento de volume doloroso em palato duro, rebordo alveolar anterior superior e dorso nasal esquerdo, com a evolução de aproximadamente 2 meses. Sua queixa inicial era congestão nasal. A tomografia computadorizada demonstrou uma lesão ampla e extensa com destruição de cortical vestibular e palatina, além de envolvimento sinonasal. Com a hipótese diagnóstica de neoplasia sinonasal, uma biópsia incisional foi realizada. Resultado: microscopicamente, observou-se células epiteliais neoplásicas que se organizavam em ninhos e cordões invadindo o tecido conjuntivo adjacente que apresentavam individualmente pleomorfismo nuclear e celular, nucléolo evidentes e hipercromasia nuclear. Áreas de necrose central também eram notadas. Com base nas características clínicas, imagenológicas e histopatológicas, o diagnóstico final foi de CCE sinonasal não queratinizante. O tumor foi estadiado pela equipe médica como T3N0M0 (T3 = tamanho do tumor > 2cm com invasão de ossos faciais, sem evidência de metástase nodal N=0 ou à distância M=0). O paciente foi tratado com quimioterapia (Cisplatina e Gencitabina) e 70Gy de radioterapia de indução como terapia inicial e posterior ressecção cirúrgica. Conclusão: a avaliação clínica, imagenológica e exame histopatológico permitiram o diagnóstico eficaz do CCE sinonasal não queratinizante.

Introduction: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neoplasm that can affect the sinonasal structures and extend to the oral cavity. Objective: to report the process of diagnosis and management of a sinonasal SCC, which had oral involvement. Case report: a 61-year-old man sought dental care with a painful swelling in the hard palate, anterior superior alveolar ridge and left nasal dorsum for a period of approximately 2 months. His initial complaint was nasal congestion. Computed tomography showed a wide and extensive lesion with destruction of the buccal and palatal cortex, in addition to sinonasal involvement. With the diagnostic hypothesis of sinonasal neoplasia, an incisional biopsy was performed. Results: microscopically, neoplastic epithelial cells grouped in nests and cords invading the adjacent connective tissue were observed; individually they presented nuclear and cellular pleomorphism, evident nucleolus and nuclear hyperchromasia. Areas of central necrosis were also noted. Based on the clinical, imaging and histopathological characteristics, the final diagnosis was non- keratinizing sinonasal SCC. The tumor was staged by the medical team as T3N0M0 (T3 = tumor size > 2cm with invasion of facial bones, without evidence of nodal metastasis N=0 or distant metastasis M=0), and the patient was treated with chemotherapy (Cisplatin and Gemcitabine) and 70Gy of induction radiotherapy as initial therapy and subsequent surgical resection. Conclusion: clinical, imaging and histopathological evaluation allowed an effective diagnosis of non- keratinizing sinonasal SCC.

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AIM: To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of an exuberant oral pyogenic granuloma (OPG) in the palatal region in a systemically compromised patient. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 50-year-old woman presented with extensive and painless nodular mass that extended throughout the palatal region, with difficulty speaking, swallowing and spontaneous bleeding for 6 months. Her medical history showed poorly controlled type II diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The intraoral physical examination also revealed poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease. After clinical and radiographic evaluation, the presumptive diagnosis of OPG was made and complete excision of the lesion was performed. Local hemostatic measures were employed to control bleeding. Microscopic evaluation showed a lobulated lesion composed of many blood capillaries confirming the diagnostic hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, individuals with severe periodontal disease and systemic disorders may present exacerbated clinical presentations of OPG.

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A 56-year-old Brazilian woman sought dental care, presenting with multiple asymptomatic papillomatous lesions with a coalescent pattern and intermingled cobblestone-like clefts along the alveolar ridge and marginal and attached gingivae. Multiple whitish papules were also observed on the face, neck, and limbs. Incisional biopsies of these lesions were performed. Microscopically, the skin lesion revealed epithelial clear cells and intraepithelial keratinization with areas of orthokeratosis, while the gingival lesions showed a parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with collagenous connective tissue. These features were consistent with those of a trichilemmoma and fibroepithelial hyperplasia, respectively. This article illustrates a case of Cowden syndrome (CS), a rare multisystem genetic condition in which both cutaneous and mucosal tissues were affected. Fewer than 40 cases of CS with oral involvement affecting middle-aged adults have been documented hitherto.

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