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Primary cardiac sarcomas are very aggressive, being a challenge to cardio-oncology specialty. Surgical planning and innovative techniques have enhanced the possibility of resection. We have described a case of recurrent primary left atrium angiosarcoma, successfully resected with a modified partial autotransplantation technique, planned using a 3-dimensional model created from computed tomography. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
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In this work, we explain the origin and the mechanism responsible for the strong enhancement of the Raman signal of sulfur chains encapsulated by single-wall carbon nanotubes by running resonance Raman measurements in a wide range of excitation energies for two nanotube samples with different diameter distributions. The Raman signal associated with the vibrational modes of the sulfur chain is observed when it is confined by small-diameter metallic nanotubes. Moreover, a strong enhancement of the Raman signal is observed for excitation energies corresponding to the formation of excited nanotube-chain-hybrid electronic states. Our hypothesis was further tested by high pressure Raman measurements and confirmed by density functional theory calculations of the electronic density of states of hybrid systems formed by sulfur chains encapsulated by different types of single-wall carbon nanotubes.
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CONTEXT: Data on prevalence of metabolic risk factors in hyperandrogenic postmenopausal women are limited. Also, the correlation between metabolic disorders and androgen excess in this scenario is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dyslipidemia (DLP) in postmenopausal women with hyperandrogenism of ovarian origin before and after surgical normalization of testosterone (T) levels, as well as the impact of androgen normalization on body mass index (BMI), glucose, and lipid metabolism. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary health center. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-four Brazilian women with postmenopausal hyperandrogenism who underwent bilateral oophorectomy between 2004 and 2014 and had histologically confirmed virilizing ovarian tumor (VOT) or ovarian hyperthecosis (OH) and T-level normalization after surgery were selected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: FSH, LH, total and calculated free T, BMI, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) serum levels were accessed before (n = 24) and 24 months after (n = 19) bilateral oophorectomy. RESULTS: At baseline, the overall prevalence rates of obesity, T2D, DLP, and hypertension were 58.3%, 83.3%, 66.7%, and 87.5%, respectively. No significant difference in prevalence was found between patients with OH and VOTs. At follow-up, FSH, LH, and total and free T levels had returned to menopausal physiologic levels, but mean BMI and mean FPG, HbA1c, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG levels did not differ from baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism is associated with adverse metabolic risk. Long-term normalization of testosterone levels did not improve BMI, glucose, or lipid metabolism.
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This case study describes a 71-year-old man with signet-ring cell gastric adenocarcinoma and malignant sigmoidal polyp; and typical features of Saint's triad and Heyde syndrome. He had digestive bleeding, two types of hernia, diverticulosis, arterial hypertension, malignant polyp, and antecedent of smoking, lung tuberculosis, and surgical correction of aortic valve stenosis. There is a hypothetical inverse relationship between herniosis and development of malignancy; however, the patient herein described presented gastric and sigmoidal cancers. Gastrointestinal malignancies are sometimes associated with paraneoplastic entities, isolated or manifested as syndromes, but neither Saint's triad or Heyde syndrome have been included. This patient persisted clinically stable during the preoperative period, but suddenly died; Trousseau's syndrome would be the most probable mechanism of sudden death in this setting. Case reports can stimulate further studies to get additional knowledge about unusual entities.
Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica/complicações , Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete/complicações , Colelitíase/complicações , Pólipos do Colo/complicações , Divertículo/complicações , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Hérnia Hiatal/complicações , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/complicações , Neoplasias do Colo Sigmoide/complicações , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicações , Idoso , Anemia Ferropriva/etiologia , Angiodisplasia/etiologia , Morte Súbita , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Síndrome , Tromboflebite/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Scientific evidence on the benefits of fluoride was responsible for an important change in dental practice. Individual and collective actions have been planned to impact the epidemiology of oral health. However, questions around this topic persist, making discussions and researches still necessary. In this regard, the aim of this study was to verify the fluoride-related knowledge of pediatricians (PP) and dentists (DS) working in primary care, comparing related aspects such as its multiple sources of intake and dental fluorosis. METHODS: A group of PP and DS answered as self-administered questionnaire related to fluoride knowledge. PP group presented a lower level of adherence (34%) in comparison to the DS group (70%). RESULTS: Fluoride-related topics were learnt at undergraduate courses by 95,95% of dentists and 38.46% of pediatricians. Ninety-two per cent of DS and 78.57% of PP claimed to know the clinical aspects of dental fluorosis. Pediatricians tend to indicate the use of fluoridated dentifrices at any age but advise less about the right amount to be placed on the toothbrush in comparison to DS. CONCLUSIONS: Dentists and pediatricians presented limited fluoride-related knowledge. Continued education/training is encouraged and necessary at this level in order to deliver the benefits of fluoride use to populations.
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Odontólogos/psicologia , Fluoretação/psicologia , Fluorose Dentária/etiologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pediatras/psicologia , Médicos de Atenção Primária/psicologia , Brasil , Dentifrícios , Fluorose Dentária/psicologia , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Escovação DentáriaRESUMO
This case study describes a 71-year-old man with signet-ring cell gastric adenocarcinoma and malignant sigmoidal polyp; and typical features of Saint's triad and Heyde syndrome. He had digestive bleeding, two types of hernia, diverticulosis, arterial hypertension, malignant polyp, and antecedent of smoking, lung tuberculosis, and surgical correction of aortic valve stenosis. There is a hypothetical inverse relationship between herniosis and development of malignancy; however, the patient herein described presented gastric and sigmoidal cancers. Gastrointestinal malignancies are sometimes associated with paraneoplastic entities, isolated or manifested as syndromes, but neither Saint's triad or Heyde syndrome have been included. This patient persisted clinically stable during the preoperative period, but suddenly died; Trousseau's syndrome would be the most probable mechanism of sudden death in this setting. Case reports can stimulate further studies to get additional knowledge about unusual entities.
Este estudio de caso describe un hombre de 71 años de edad, con adenocarcinoma gástrico con células en anillo de sello y un pólipo maligno sigmoideo; y características típicas de la tríada de Saint y del síndrome de Heyde. Tuvo una hemorragia digestiva, dos tipos de hernias, divertículos, hipertensión arterial, y pólipo maligno; con antecedente de tabaquismo, tuberculosis pulmonar, y corrección quirúrgica de estenosis de la válvula aórtica. Hay una hipotética relación inversa entre hernioses y el desarrollo de malignidades; sin embargo, el paciente que se describe en el presente documento presentó cánceres gástrico y sigmoideo. Neoplasias gastrointestinales se asocian a veces con entidades para neoplásicas aisladas o manifiestan síndromes, pero ni la tríada de Saint ni el síndrome de Heyde se ha incluido. Este paciente persistió clínicamente estable durante el período preoperatorio, pero de repente murió; síndrome de Trousseau sería el mecanismo más probable de muerte súbita en esta situación. Los informes de casos pueden estimular más estudios para obtener un conocimiento adicional sobre esas entidades inusuales.
Assuntos
Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/complicações , Neoplasias do Colo Sigmoide/complicações , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicações , Colelitíase/complicações , Pólipos do Colo/complicações , Divertículo/complicações , Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete/complicações , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Hérnia Hiatal/complicações , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/complicações , Síndrome , Tromboflebite/etiologia , Angiodisplasia/etiologia , Evolução Fatal , Anemia Ferropriva/etiologia , Morte Súbita , Modelos BiológicosRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes the potential of plants used in secular traditional medicine and considers this an important source of evidence to assess their effectiveness and safety. Brazil is rich in biodiversity and traditional uses based on the Amerindian culture. However, many processes started with the arrival of the Portuguese in the year 1500. The successive economic cycles, for example, led to destruction of native vegetation and an intense cultural erosion. As a consequence, the information about the use of plants in the past centuries are dispersed and without interpretation. In this study a methodology to evidence the traditionality of Brazilian plants was demonstrated using data about barbatimão barks (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville - Fabaceae) and Copaiba oleoresin (Copaifera spp. - Fabaceae) in wound healing, was established. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data about use of the plants were recovered from bibliography published between 1576 and 2011. The books (101) were classified using weights, considering the date of publication and the source of Information. Older books that describe primary information received weight 10, while books written more recently and with secondary information received weight 0.4. A score for each category of medicinal use was calculated based on the books weights and the frequency of citation. A review about the current use of both plants was also performed from ethnobotanical studies published in journals. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The traditional secular use of barks of barbatimão and oleoresin of copaiba to treat wounds was confirmed based on the historic bibliographic research. The most frequent use of barbatimão in a timeline of 500 years of Brazil's history, was as astringent, whereas for copaíba was as healing of skin and mucosal lesions. The continuous and current use of these plants to treat wounds, confirmed by recent ethnobotanical studies, is an indicative of the resilience of these remedies and their effectiveness. CONCLUSION: The use of preparations containing barbatimão barks and copaiba oleoresin can be considered effective in the treatment of wounds. Nonetheless, it is necessary to improve the quality of the formulas as established by WHO.
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Fabaceae/classificação , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Casca de Planta , Preparações de Plantas/classificação , Obras Médicas de Referência , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Analgésicos/classificação , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/classificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Adstringentes/classificação , Adstringentes/farmacologia , Adstringentes/uso terapêutico , Brasil/etnologia , Humanos , Casca de Planta/classificação , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Preparações de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Plantas Medicinais/classificação , Resinas Vegetais/classificação , Resinas Vegetais/farmacologia , Resinas Vegetais/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), quality of life, and malocclusion. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational design study was utilized among 248 schoolchildren aged 12 years old. Symptoms of TMD were assessed using the Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders Triage Questionnaire, and subjects were further evaluated as oral-health-related quality of life (CPQ11-14), tooth clenching/grinding and malocclusion (Dental Aesthetic Index). Chi-square for independence, Odds Ratio and Mann-Whitney test were used (p = 0.05) statistically. RESULTS: Statistically, association was detected between TMD symptoms with pain and worse quality of life (p < 0.0138), and pain with quality of life and clenching/grinding (p = 0.0120 and 0.0007). DISCUSSION: The symptoms of TMD are associated with pain and teeth clenching, causing a negative impact on schoolchildren's quality of life; thus, a study of the TMD impact on quality of life is justified.
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Dor Facial/fisiopatologia , Má Oclusão/fisiopatologia , Qualidade de Vida , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/fisiopatologia , Bruxismo/fisiopatologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Plant defensins are small cysteine-rich peptides and exhibit antimicrobial activity against a variety of both plant and human pathogens. Despite the broad inhibitory activity that plant defensins exhibit against different micro-organisms, little is known about their activity against protozoa. In a previous study, we isolated a plant defensin named PvD1 from Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. Pérola) seeds, which was seen to be deleterious against different yeast cells and filamentous fungi. It exerted its effects by causing an increase in the endogenous production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and NO (nitric oxide), plasma membrane permeabilization and the inhibition of medium acidification. In the present study, we investigated whether PvD1 could act against the protozoan Leishmania amazonensis. Our results show that, besides inhibiting the proliferation of L. amazonensis promastigotes, the PvD1 defensin was able to cause cytoplasmic fragmentation, formation of multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles and membrane permeabilization in the cells of this organism. Furthermore, we show, for the first time, that PvD1 defensin was located within the L. amazonensis cells, suggesting the existence of a possible intracellular target.
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Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Defensinas/farmacologia , Leishmania/citologia , Leishmania/efeitos dos fármacos , Leishmaniose/tratamento farmacológico , Antiprotozoários/química , Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Defensinas/química , Humanos , Leishmaniose/parasitologia , Phaseolus/químicaRESUMO
Over the last several years, the activity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), isolated from plant species, against different microorganisms has been demonstrated. More recently, some of these AMPs have been described as potent inhibitors of α-amylases and serine proteinases from insects and mammals. The aim of this work was to obtain AMPs from protein extracts of a hybrid Capsicum (Ikeda × UENF 1381) seeds and to evaluate their microbial and enzyme inhibitory activities. Initially, proteins were extracted from the Capsicum hybrid seeds in buffer (sodium phosphate pH 5.4,) and precipitated with ammonium sulfate (90% saturated). Extract of hybrid seeds was subjected to size exclusion chromatography, and three fractions were obtained: S1, S2 and S3. The amino acid sequence, obtained by mass spectrometry, of the 6 kDa peptide from the S3 fraction, named HyPep, showed 100% identity with PSI-1.2, a serine protease inhibitor isolated from C. annuum seeds, however the bifunctionality of this inhibitor against two enzymes is being shown for the first time in this work. The S3 fraction showed the highest antifungal activity, inhibiting all the yeast strains tested, and it also exhibited inhibitory activity against human salivary and Callosobruchus maculatus α-amylases as well as serine proteinases.
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Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Capsicum/química , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase/farmacologia , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Capsicum/genética , Quimera , Besouros/enzimologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fungos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Conformação Proteica , Saliva/enzimologia , Sementes/química , Sementes/genética , Serina Proteases/metabolismo , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
In this work, we analyzed the effects of coffee seed proteins, especially Cc-LTP1 on the larval development of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), a bruchid pest of beans and the most important insect pest of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Artificial seed assay, which incorporated the F/0-90 fraction from Coffea canephora seeds, resulted in the reduction of oviposition and caused an inhibition of C. maculatus larval development in a dose-dependent manner. The F/0-90 fraction used at a 4 % concentration resulted in the survival of no larvae. The purified Cc-LTP1, at a concentration of 0.5 %, also demonstrated effective inhibition of larval development, reducing both females oviposition and the weight and number of larvae. Cc-LTP1 was also able to inhibit the C. maculatus gut α-amylase activity, and immunolabeling by an anti-LTP serum was observed in the midgut tissues of the C. maculatus larvae. Cc-LTP1 has shown binding affinity towards microvillar cells, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, as demonstrated by micrographic images taken by a transmission electron microscope. The results from this study indicate that Cc-LTP1 has insecticidal actions toward C. maculatus and exerts anti-nutritional effects with direct actions on intestinal tissues.
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Proteínas de Transporte/toxicidade , Coffea/química , Besouros/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Sementes/química , Animais , Besouros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Feminino , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to isolate antimicrobial peptides from Capsicum baccatum seeds and evaluate their antimicrobial activity and inhibitory effects against α-amylase. Initially, proteins from the flour of C. baccatum seeds were extracted in sodium phosphate buffer, pH 5.4, and precipitated with ammonium sulfate at 90% saturation. The D1 and D2 fractions were subjected to antifungal tests against the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Kluyveromyces marxiannus, and tested against α-amylases from Callosobruchus maculates and human saliva. The D2 fraction presented higher antimicrobial activity and was subjected to further purification and seven new different fractions (H1-H7) were obtained. Peptides in the H4 fraction were sequenced and the N-terminal sequences revealed homology with previously reported storage vicilins from seeds. The H4 fraction exhibited strong antifungal activity and also promoted morphological changes in yeast, including pseudohyphae formation. All fractions, including H4, inhibited mammalian α-amylase activity but only the H4 fraction was able to inhibit C. maculatus α-amylase activity. These results suggest that the fractions isolated from the seeds of C. baccatum can act directly in plant defenses against pathogens and insects.
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Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Capsicum/química , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Armazenamento de Sementes/farmacologia , Sementes/química , Leveduras/efeitos dos fármacos , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia por Troca Iônica , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Humanos , Insetos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Micologia , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Armazenamento de Sementes/química , Proteínas de Armazenamento de Sementes/isolamento & purificação , Alinhamento de Sequência , Leveduras/crescimento & desenvolvimento , alfa-Amilases/metabolismoRESUMO
In this study, the antifungal activity of peptides extracted from Adenanthera pavonina seeds was assessed. Peptides were extracted and fractionated by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography. The non-retained D1 fraction efficiently inhibited the growth of the pathogenic fungi. This fraction was later further fractionated by reversed-phase chromatography, resulting in 23 sub-fractions. All separation processes were monitored by tricine-SDS-PAGE. Fractions H11 and H22 strongly inhibited the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Fraction H11 caused 100% death in S. cerevisiae in an antimicrobial assay. The complete amino acid sequence of the peptide in fraction P2 was determined, revealing homology to plant defensins, which was named ApDef1. Peptides from fraction H22 were also sequenced.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/farmacologia , Fabaceae/química , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sementes/química , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Antifúngicos/química , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/química , Cromatografia Líquida , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/química , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) were thus named because they facilitate the transfer of lipids between membranes in vitro. This study was triggered by the characterization of a 9-kDa LTP from Capsicum annuum seeds that we call Ca-LTP(1) . Ca-LTP(1) was repurified, and in the last chromatographic purification step, propanol was used as the solvent in place of acetonitrile to maintain the protein's biological activity. Bidimensional electrophoresis of the 9-kDa band, which corresponds to the purified Ca-LTP(1) , showed the presence of three isoforms with isoelectric points (pIs) of 6.0, 8.5 and 9.5. Circular dichroism (CD) analysis suggested a predominance of α-helices, as expected for the structure of an LTP family member. LTPs immunorelated to Ca-LTP(1) from C. annuum were also detected by western blotting in exudates released from C. annuum seeds and also in other Capsicum species. The tissue and subcellular localization of Ca-LTP(1) indicated that it was mainly localized within dense vesicles. In addition, isolated Ca-LTP(1) exhibited antifungal activity against Colletotrichum lindemunthianum, and especially against Candida tropicalis, causing several morphological changes to the cells including the formation of pseudohyphae. Ca-LTP(1) also caused the yeast plasma membrane to be permeable to the dye SYTOX green, as verified by fluorescence microscopy. We also found that Ca-LTP(1) is able to inhibit mammalian α-amylase activity in vitro.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Capsicum/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/farmacologia , Sementes/metabolismo , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Capsicum/efeitos dos fármacos , Capsicum/ultraestrutura , Proteínas de Transporte/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Transporte/ultraestrutura , Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia de Fase Reversa , Dicroísmo Circular , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fungos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/ultraestrutura , Transporte Proteico/efeitos dos fármacos , Sementes/efeitos dos fármacos , Sementes/ultraestrutura , Especificidade da Espécie , Coloração e Rotulagem , alfa-Amilases/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A growing number of cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been isolated from plants and particularly from seeds. It has become increasingly clear that these peptides, which include lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), play an important role in the protection of plants against microbial infection. METHODS: Peptides from Coffea canephora seeds were extracted in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), and chromatographic purification of LTP was performed by DEAE and reverse-phase HPLC. The purified peptide was submitted to amino acid sequence, antimicrobial activity and mammalian α-amylase inhibitory analyses. RESULTS: The purified peptide of 9kDa had homology to LTPs isolated from different plants. Bidimensional electrophoresis of the 9kDa band showed the presence of two isoforms with pIs of 8.0 and 8.5. Cc-LTP(1) exhibited strong antifungal activity, against Candida albicans, and also promoted morphological changes including the formation of pseudohyphae on Candida tropicalis, as revealed by electron micrograph. Our results show that Cc-LTP(1) interfered in a dose-dependent manner with glucose-stimulated, H(+)-ATPase-dependent acidification of yeast medium and that the peptide permeabilized yeast plasma membranes to the dye SYTOX green, as verified by fluorescence microscopy. Interestingly, we also showed for the first time that the well characterized LTP(1) family, represented here by Cc-LTP(1), was also able to inhibit mammalian α-amylase activity in vitro. CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: In this work we purified, characterized and evaluated the in vitro effect on yeast of a new peptide from coffee, named Cc-LPT1, which we also showed, for the first time, the ability to inhibit mammalian α-amylase activity.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Coffea/química , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacologia , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Glucose/metabolismo , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Sementes/químicaRESUMO
A doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma das mais freqüentes afecções degenerativas do sistema nervoso central. Estima-se uma incidência de 1 a 2% na população acima de 65 anos. Junto com o tratamento medicamentoso e/ou cirúrgico, os exercícios fisioterápicos têm contribuído para melhorar a acinesia, rigidez, postura, equilíbrio, quedas, marcha, congelamento e qualidade de vida. Vários têm sido os ensaios clínico com os mais diferentes exercícios para confirmar a eficácia da fisioterapia com coadjuvante no tratamento da DP. O número de ensaios vem aumentando com o decorrer dos anos, utilizando diversas escalas para avaliação da doença. Nesta revisão mostramos os principais ensaios clínicos realizados, com grande número de enfermos. sem modificar a tomada dos medicamentos. Referimos os estudos de metanálise efetuados, todos demonstrando o benefício da fisioterapia na DP. Fazemos também referências aos exercícios domiciliares auto-supervisionados sendo de nossa opinião os melhores para serem executados em nossa população de pacientes com DP.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most frequent degenerative disorders of the central nervous system. There are about 1 to 2% inhabitants over the age of 65 years diagnosed with PD. In general the combination of pharmacotherapy and/or surgery with rehabilitation is the optimal treatment strategy for symptom control such as akinesia, rigidity, posture, balance, falling, gait, freezing and quality of life. An increasing number of interventional studies have been carried out in the last years to investigate the efficacy of physiotherapy for PD in addition to drugs. Multiple scales have been developed to evaluate the benefits of rehabilitation. We made a systematic review of the main clinical trials that investigated the effects of the exercise therapy in PD. The majority were performed with a considerable number of patients without changing the medication during the trial. We quoted the systematic reviews of the literature. We also identified the home-based self-supervised trials that, in our opinion, are preferable in our country.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Terapia por Exercício , Assistência Domiciliar , Especialidade de Fisioterapia , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Levodopa/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
A infecção em receptores de transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas (TCTH) está relacionada a altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. O tipo de transplante, a fonte de célula-tronco hematopoética, a utilização de doadores alternativos e outras medidas relacionadas ao procedimento influenciam diretamente no tipo e na intensidade da imunossupressão, modificando o risco de desenvolver uma infecção. Nesta seção são discutidas as estratégias para monitorização, diagnóstico e tratamento das infecções em receptores de TCTH em três fases: na fase pré-transplante, durante a fase de neutropenia, e na fase pós-pega do enxerto.
Infectious complications following stem cell transplantation are frequent and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Several factors related to the transplant procedure, such as type of transplant, the source of stem cells, the utilization of alternative donors are important determinants of the immune status of the host, and impact on the risk of infection. In this section we will discuss the different approaches for monitoring patients at risk and diagnosing and treating infectious complications in three time periods: before transplant, during neutropenia, and after engraftment.
Assuntos
Humanos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Infecções Bacterianas/complicaçõesRESUMO
Plant defensins make up a family of cationic antimicrobial peptides with a characteristic three-dimensional folding pattern stabilized by four disulfide bridges. The aim of this work was the purification and functional expression of a defensin from cowpea seeds and the assessment of its alpha-amylase inhibitory activity. The cDNA encoding the cowpea defensin was cloned into the pET-32 EK/LIC vector, and the resulting construct was used to transform Escherichia coli cells. The recombinant peptide was purified via affinity chromatography on a Ni Sepharose column and by reverse-phase chromatography on a C2/C18 column using HPLC. N-terminal amino acid sequencing revealed that the recombinant peptide had a similar sequence to that of the defensin isolated from seeds. The natural and recombinant defensins were submitted to the alpha-amylase inhibition assay. The cowpea seed defensin was found to inhibit alpha-amylases from the weevils Callosobruchus maculatus and Zabrotes subfasciatus. alpha-Amylase inhibition assays also showed that the recombinant defensin inhibited alpha-amylase from the weevil C. maculatus. The cowpea seed defensin and its recombinant form were unable to inhibit mammalian alpha-amylases. The three-dimensional structure of the recombinant defensin was modeled, and the resulting structure was found to be similar to those of other plant defensins.
Assuntos
Bioquímica/métodos , Defensinas/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Fabaceae/química , Sementes/química , Gorgulhos/enzimologia , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia de Fase Reversa , Defensinas/química , Defensinas/farmacologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ensaios Enzimáticos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Fabaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência de Proteína , Gorgulhos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to verify the prevalence of nutritive (breast-feeding and bottle-feeding) and non-nutritive (pacifier) sucking habits, the methods used to eliminate them, and success of these methods. METHODS: To collect the data, 502 questionnaires were distributed to parents of 0- to 6-year-old children. RESULTS: Bottle-feeding was used by 83% and pacifier by 63% of children. The professional's explanation, the use of substances on the pacifier, the abrupt interruption of the habit, and parents' explanations were efficient in 90%, 80%, 64%, and 38% of the cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sucking habits had a high prevalence in this sample. An indirect linear relationship between breast-feeding and pacifier use demonstrated that the more the child was breast-fed, the less the pacifier was used. The most efficient method to end the pacifier-sucking habit was professional explanation; however, it was used less often.