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Hairball formation may induce vomiting and intestinal obstruction in predisposed cats. Some insoluble fibres as sugarcane fibre and cellulose can prevent hairball formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of beet pulp consumption, a moderate soluble and fermentable fibre source, on faecal trichobezoars excretion in adult shorthaired cats fed kibble diets. Eighteen mixed-breed shorthaired cats and three extruded diets were used as follows: a basal diet without added fibre source (PB0-8.8% dietary fibre); BP8-8% inclusion of beet pulp (17.5% of dietary fibre); BP16-16% inclusion of beet pulp (23.8% of dietary fibre). The cats were fed during 31 days and faeces quantitatively collected during three periods of 3 days each (from days 3-5; 15-17; 26-28). Gastrointestinal transit time was determined in the last 3 days of study (from days 29-31). The trichobezoars were separated from faeces, collected, dried and washed in ether for complete removal of all faecal material. The results were submitted to repeated-measure analysis of variance and means evaluated by polynomial contrast (p < 0.05). Beet pulp increased faecal production (p < 0.001) and reduced gastrointestinal transit time (p = 0.003). No alterations were found on trichobezoar faecal excretion, both as considered in number per cat per day of mg per cat per day (p > 0.05). Beet pulp intake did not reduce the number or the size of hairballs eliminated via faeces of shorthaired cats.

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The guidelines of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) state that the municipal authorities are responsible for the vaccination of the population. The present study examined the types of immunobiologicals, amounts and reasons for their destruction and disposal by the Municipal Health Secretariat in the city of Bauru, São Paulo state, Brazil, between 2008 and 2009. This study comprises a descriptive, exploratory and retrospective work that employed search of bibliographic data, collection of secondary data from forms of immunobiologicals disposal and interview of the agent responsible for the disposal of these products in the municipality. It was observed that the total numbers of unused vaccines in 2008 and 2009 were similar (4523 and 4395, respectively), being the most discarded: the diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine in 2008 and DTP, BCG and influenza in 2009. It was found that the amount of discarded vaccines could be reduced since the reasons for that were predictable. Moreover, the current study emphasized that although there is a municipal regulation for the disposal of immunobiologicals, the city still requires a better structure to handle such problem.

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RESUMO

The guidelines of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) state that the municipal authorities are responsible for the vaccination of the population. The present study examined the types of immunobiologicals, amounts and reasons for their destruction and disposal by the Municipal Health Secretariat in the city of Bauru, São Paulo state, Brazil, between 2008 and 2009. This study comprises a descriptive, exploratory and retrospective work that employed search of bibliographic data, collection of secondary data from forms of immunobiologicals disposal and interview of the agent responsible for the disposal of these products in the municipality. It was observed that the total numbers of unused vaccines in 2008 and 2009 were similar (4523 and 4395, respectively), being the most discarded: the diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine in 2008 and DTP, BCG and influenza in 2009. It was found that the amount of discarded vaccines could be reduced since the reasons for that were predictable. Moreover, the current study emphasized that although there is a municipal regulation for the disposal of immunobiologicals, the city still requires a better structure to handle such problem.(AU)

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OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito da aplicação de dois procedimentos de educação (auto-instrucional e tradicional associado às oficinas de educação) na freqüência de sintomas musculoesqueléticos percebidos. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo quase-experimental, com 94 funcionários administrativos de uma empresa pública, alocados em três grupos por amostragem aleatória simples e sem reposição, sendo um do Tradicional/Oficinas (32), um de Manual Auto-instrucional (28) e o Controle (34). Mensurou-se a freqüência de sintomas musculoesqueléticos por meio do questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Músculo-esqueléticos, no início e após 30 dias do término dos programas. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, a técnica de variância não-paramétrica para o modelo de medidas repetidas em três grupos independentes e o teste de Goodman. RESULTADOS: Pelos dados obtidos na comparação do pré e pós-teste, observa-se que o programa de educação baseado em tradicional e oficinas reduziu significativamente a freqüência de sintomas musculoesqueléticos, nos últimos sete dias. Nos Grupos Controle e do Manual Auto-instrucional, não se observou diferença na freqüência dos sintomas musculoesqueléticos. CONCLUSÕES: Pode-se concluir que as intervenções, principalmente o tradicional associado a oficinas, teve efeito positivo sobre as ações dos indivíduos e, apesar da complexidade de algumas medidas preventivas necessárias, houve uma diminuição dos sintomas musculoesqueléticos dos usuários no trabalho.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of applying two educational programs (one using a self-instructional approach and the other using a traditional approach similar to educational workshops), on the perceived frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in 94 office workers in a public company. The participants were divided into three groups through simple randomized sampling with no replacement. The first group (32 employees) underwent a traditional/workshop program, the second (28) used a self-instructional manual and the third (34) was a Control Group. The frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms was measured by means of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, at the beginning of the program and 30 days after its completion. The statistical analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, a nonparametric analysis of variance technique for a repeated measure model in three independent groups and the Goodman test. RESULTS: From the data collected in pre and post-test comparisons, it was observed that the traditional/workshop educational program significantly reduced the frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms over the final seven days. For the self-instructional manual group and control group, no difference was observed in the frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: It could be concluded that the interventions, particularly the traditional approach using educational workshops, had a positive effect on the individuals' actions. Despite the complexity of some of the preventive measures needed, there was a reduction in musculoskeletal symptoms of the participants during work.

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Triatoma brasiliensis is considered the main vector of Chagas disease in the semiarid zones of North-eastern Brazil. In this work, we describe the spatial pattern of defecation in T. brasiliensis and the spatial relationship of faeces with the shelters of these bugs. Afterwards, we analyse the attraction response of T. brasiliensis larvae to potential odour cues present in their dry faeces, to substances present in their cuticule (footprints) and to the dry faeces of Triatoma pseudomaculata. We show that faecal spots are deposited in a larger density inside the shelter than in the remaining area available for the bugs. T. brasiliensis larvae were significantly attracted towards their own faeces, and also to those of T. pseudomaculata. In contrast to other triatomine species, footprints did not promote attraction in T. brasiliensis. The potential use of communication signals of T. brasiliensis as tools for helping control this species is discussed.

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A literatura de pesquisa e a pratica profissional tem revelado forte relacao entre bem-estar fisico, genero, idade e a pratica de atividade fisica.Este estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar as relacoes entre nivel de atividades fisicas e desconfortos musculos-esqueleticos percebidos em adultos jovens e em idosos masculinos e femininos. Foram avaliados 200 voluntarios que formaram dois grupos com 100 individuos cada, um de 20 a 35 anos e o outro de 60 a 70 anos, cada um composto por 50 homens e 50 mulheres, metade sedentaria e metade ativa. Os instrumentos incluiram um questionario de caracterizacao sociodemografica e ocupacional, de pratica de atividades fisicas e doencas e um questionario de queixas relativas a desconforto musculo-esqueleticos percebidos nos ultimos anos e nos ultimos sete dias. Foram realizadas analises estatisticas descritivas, testes de contraste (goodman) e de hipotese (Mann-Whitney). Os resultados indicaram que 1) os idosos, as mulheres e os sedentarios relataram mais desconfortos musculo-esqueleticos nos ultimos seis meses e nos ultimos sete dias. Investigacoes nesse dominio podem melhorar o bem estar fisico e psicologico de adultos jovens e idosos e aumentar as chances de uma velhice satisfatoria

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