RESUMO
The role of antibody-mediated immunity in preventing newly acquired oral human papillomavirus (HPV) is not well understood. Among 1618 men participating in the HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study, we evaluated oral rinses for HPV DNA and baseline sera for HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18 L1 antibodies. Thirty percent of men (486) were seropositive for ≥1 HPV type, and 25 men developed incident oral HPV infection (HPV-6 was detected in 7, HPV-11 in 0, HPV-16 in 17, and HPV-18 in 1). Cox models revealed that men with circulating antibodies to HPV-6, -11, -16, or -18 were not less likely to acquire type-specific oral HPV than men without antibodies (hazard ratio for the risk of acquiring HPV-6, -11, -16, or -18, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, .56-4.76).
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/etiologia , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/imunologia , Papillomaviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/transmissão , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are more vulnerable to blood-borne infections and/or sexually-transmitted infections (STI). This study was conducted to estimate the prevalences of mono and co-infections of HIV-1 and other blood-borne/STIs in a sample of MSM in Campinas, Brazil. METHODS: Responding Driven Sampling (RDS) was used for recruitment of MSM. Serum samples collected from 558 MSM were analyzed for the presence of serological markers for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, HTLV, HPV-16/18, and T. pallidum infections. RESULTS: The highest prevalences of infection in serum samples were found for HPV-16 and 18 (31.9% and 20.3%, respectively). Approximately 8% of the study population showed infection with HIV-1, and within that group, 27.5% had recently become infected with HIV-1. HBV infection and syphilis were detected in 11.4% and 10% of the study population, respectively, and the rates of HTLV and HCV infection were 1.5% and 1%, respectively. With the exception of HTLV, all other studied infections were usually found as co-infections rather then mono-infections. The rates of co-infection for HCV, HPV-18, and HIV-1 were the highest among the studied infections (100%, 83%, and 85%, respectively). Interestingly, HTLV infection was usually found as a mono-infection in the study group, whereas HCV was found only as a co-infection. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings highlight the need to educate the MSM population concerning their risk for STIs infections and methods of prevention. Campaigns to encourage vaccination against HBV and HPV could decrease the rates of these infections in MSM.
Assuntos
Homossexualidade Masculina , Comportamento Sexual , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Viroses/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coinfecção , Deltaretrovirus , HIV-1 , Hepacivirus , Vírus da Hepatite B , Papillomavirus Humano 16 , Papillomavirus Humano 18 , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/microbiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/virologia , Sífilis/microbiologia , Treponema pallidum , Viroses/virologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In women, naturally induced anti-human papilloma virus (HPV) serum antibodies are a likely marker of host immune protection against subsequent HPV acquisition and progression to precancerous lesions and cancers. However, it is unclear whether the same is the case in men. In this study, we assessed the risk of incident genital infection and 6-month persistent genital infection with HPV16 in relation to baseline serostatus in a cohort of 2,187 men over a 48-month period. Genital swabs were collected every 6 months and tested for HPV presence. Incidence proportions by serostatus were calculated at each study visit to examine whether potential immune protection attenuated over time. Overall, incidence proportions did not differ statistically between baseline seropositive and seronegative men at any study visit or over the follow-up period. The risk of incident and 6-month persistent infection was not associated with baseline serostatus or baseline serum antibody levels in the cohort. Our findings suggest that baseline HPV seropositivity in men is not associated with reduced risk of subsequent HPV16 acquisition. Thus, prevalent serum antibodies induced by prior infection may not be a suitable marker for subsequent immune protection against genital HPV16 acquisition in men.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Papillomavirus Humano 16/imunologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Papillomavirus/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , DNA Viral/análise , DNA Viral/genética , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Florida/epidemiologia , Genitália Masculina/virologia , Papillomavirus Humano 16/genética , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Medição de Risco/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Sexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Few human papillomavirus (HPV) serology studies have evaluated type-specific seroprevalence of vaccine HPV types in men. This study investigates seroprevalence of HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18, and associated risk factors in men residing in three countries (United States, Mexico, and Brazil). METHODS: Data from 1,477 men aged 18 to 70 enrolled in the HPV Infection in Men Study (HIM Study) were analyzed. Serum antibody testing was performed with virus-like particle-based ELISA. Potential risk factors were assessed for individual HPV types by the use of logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, HPV-6, 11, 16, and 18 seroprevalence was 14.8%, 17.3%, 11.2%, and 5.8%, respectively. Thirty-four percent of men were seropositive to one or more HPV types. When examined by sexual practice, 31.2% of men who had sex with women, 65.6% of men who had sex with men (MSM), and 59.4% of men who had sex with both men and women (MSMW) were seropositive to one or more HPV types. Seroprevalence increased with age among young-to-middle-aged men with significant upward age trends observed for HPV 11, 16, and 18. Men with multiple lifetime male anal sex partners were 2 to 4 times more likely to be HPV 6 or 11 seropositive and 3 to 11 times more likely to be HPV 16 or 18 seropositive. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that exposures to vaccine HPV types were common in men and highly prevalent among MSM and MSMW. IMPACT: Our study provides strong evidence that the practice of same-sex anal intercourse is an independent risk factor for seroprevalence of individual vaccine HPV types. Examination of antibody responses to HPV infections at various anatomic sites in future studies is needed to elaborate on the mechanism.
Assuntos
Papillomaviridae/classificação , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/transmissão , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Agências Internacionais , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/sangue , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Comportamento Sexual , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Whether antibodies to human papillomavirus (HPV) capsids, elicited by natural infection, are protective is unknown. This question was addressed in a population-based cohort of 7046 women in Costa Rica by examining the association between baseline seroreactivity to HPV-16, HPV-18, or HPV-31 virus-like particles and the risk of subsequent HPV infection at a follow-up visit 5-7 years after enrollment. Seropositivity to HPV-16, HPV-18, or HPV-31 was not associated with a statistically significant decreased risk of infection with the homologous HPV type [relative risk (RR) and [95% confidence interval (CI)], 0.74 (0.45-1.2), 1.5 (0.83-2.7), and 0.94 (0.48-1.8), respectively]. Seropositivity to HPV-16 or HPV-31 was not associated with a decreased risk of infection with HPV-16 or its genetically related types [RR (95% CI), 0.82 (0.61-1.1) and 0.93 (0.68-1.2), respectively]. Seropositivity to HPV-18 was not associated with a decreased risk of infection with HPV-18 or its genetically related types (RR 1.3; 95% CI 1.0-1.8). Thus, we did not observe immunity, although a protective effect from natural infection cannot be excluded because of the limits of available assays and study designs.