RESUMO
AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the survival of Class II ART (Atraumatic Restorative Treatment) restorations in primary molars using encapsulated glass ionomer in cavities with and without retentive grooves. A total of 293 Class II restorations were performed on primary molars by three trained operators, using ART hand instruments (SS White/Duflex, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and restored with EQUIA Fil (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). One hundred eighty-seven children aged 3 to 7 years (mean age = 5.5) from two public schools located in Lima, Peru, were included in the study. The restorations were performed following the ART protocol, randomising the presence or absence of proximal retentions. Cavity cleaning and restoration times were recorded by the assistant using a digital chronometer. After 6 and 12 months, evaluations occurred following the ART criteria. Data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney, Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests, Kaplan-Meier survival and logarithmic range. The mean dmf-s of the participants was 21.6 (S.D. = 10.2). The mean times to clean the cavity and apply the restorative material were 5.4 and 6.6 minutes, respectively. Success rates after 6 and 12 months for restorations without retentive grooves were 90.3% and 77.2%, respectively; and with retentive grooves 95.9% and 91.8%, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found at the 12-month follow-up (p = 0.001). The proximal retentive grooves increased the survival rate of ART Class II restorations in primary teeth after 12 months of follow-up.
Assuntos
Tratamento Dentário Restaurador sem Trauma , Cárie Dentária , Criança , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Restauração Dentária Permanente/métodos , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/uso terapêutico , Brasil , Cárie Dentária/terapia , Dente Decíduo , Falha de Restauração DentáriaRESUMO
There has been no comparison between fluoride concentrations in urine and nails of children exposed to different sources of systemic fluoride. The aim of this study was to compare the relationship between fluoride intake with urinary fluoride excretion and fluoride concentrations in fingernails and toenails of children receiving fluoride from artificially fluoridated water (0.6-0.8 mg F/L, n = 25), naturally fluoridated water (0.6-0.9 mg F/L, n = 21), fluoridated salt (180-200 mg F/Kg, n = 26), and fluoridated milk (0.25 mg F, n = 25). A control population was included (no systemic fluoride, n = 24). Fluoride intake from diet and dentifrice, urinary fluoride excretion, and fluoride concentrations in fingernails/toenails were evaluated. Fluoride was analyzed with an ion-selective electrode. Urinary fluoride excretion in the control community was significantly lower when compared with that in the fluoridated cities, except for the naturally fluoridated community. However, the same pattern was not as evident for nails. Both urinary fluoride output and fluoride concentrations in fingernails/toenails were significantly correlated to total fluoride intake. However, the correlation coefficients for fluoride intake and urinary fluoride output were lower (r = 0.28, p < 0.01) than those observed for fingernails/toenails (r = 0.36, p < 0.001), suggesting that nails might be slightly better indicators of fluoride intake at the individual level.
Assuntos
Fluoretos/análise , Fluoretos/farmacocinética , Unhas/química , Análise de Variância , Animais , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dentifrícios , Fluoretos/urina , Humanos , Leite , Unhas/metabolismo , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
There has been no comparison of fluoride (F) intake by pre-school children receiving more traditional sources of systemic F. The aim of this study was to estimate the dietary F intake by children receiving F from artificially fluoridated water (AFW-Brazil, 0.6-0.8 mg F/L), naturally fluoridated water (NFW-Brazil, 0.6-0.9 mg F/L), fluoridated salt (FS-Peru, 180-200 mg F/Kg), and fluoridated milk (FM-Peru, 0.25 mg F). Children (n=21-26) aged 4-6 yrs old participated in each community. A non-fluoridated community (NoF) was evaluated as the control population. Dietary F intake was monitored by the "duplicate plate" method, with different constituents (water, other beverages, and solids). F was analyzed with an ion-selective electrode. Data were tested by Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn's tests (p<0.05). Mean (+/- SD) F intake (mg/Kg b.w./day) was 0.04+/-0.01(b), 0.06+/-0.02(a,b), 0.05+/-0.02(a,b), 0.06+/-0.01(a), and 0.01+/-0.00(c) for AFW/NFW/FS/FM/NoF, respectively. The main dietary contributors for AFW/NFW and FS/FM/NoF were water and solids, respectively. The results indicate that the dietary F intake must be considered before a systemic method of fluoridation is implemented.
Assuntos
Cariostáticos/administração & dosagem , Dieta , Fluoretação , Fluoretos/administração & dosagem , Leite/química , Fluoreto de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Animais , Brasil , Cariostáticos/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Fluoretação/efeitos adversos , Fluoretos/efeitos adversos , Fluorose Dentária/etiologia , Fluorose Dentária/prevenção & controle , Análise de Alimentos , Humanos , Peru , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta/análise , Abastecimento de Água/análiseRESUMO
PURPOSE: Recent studies have shown an increase in the prevalence of fluorosis. Consequently, recommendations for the use of a small quantity of fluoride dentifrice, 0.25 to 0.5 g or the equivalent of a "pea size" amount for children, have been made. This study evaluated a method of placing dentifrice in a transverse relation to the bristles (TT) and compares it to the standard technique used (ST) and to the "pea size" recommendation (PS). METHODS: The study was conducted in three phases: the first was in a laboratory setting using 22 commercial brands of children's toothbrushes; the second evaluated various recommendations with 240 mothers (Brazilian and Peruvian); and the third evaluated these recommendations in 135 Peruvian children (ages 4 to 6). RESULTS: The results showed that the mean quantity of dentifrice used with ST, PS, and TT was 0.58 g, 0.34 g, and 0.27 g for the mothers and 0.46 g, 0.29 g, and 0.24 g for the children, respectively. The average TT obtained through multiple weighing of 22 children's toothbrushes was 0.22 g. Both recommendations (PS and TT) reduced the amount of dentifrice used. However, TT also yielded a smaller variation range. Mothers and children learn easily and prefer TT. CONCLUSION: This technique could be recommended for young children in order to decrease the amount of fluoride dentifrice used, hence minimizing the potential inadvertent ingestion of fluoride dentifrice.
Assuntos
Assistência Odontológica para Crianças , Dentifrícios/administração & dosagem , Fluorose Dentária/prevenção & controle , Escovação Dentária/métodos , Brasil , Cariostáticos/administração & dosagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dentifrícios/química , Fluoretos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Lactente , PeruRESUMO
A cross-sectional study was performed to verify the oral status in forty-one-children, four months to twelve years old, with antibodies anti-HIV detected by ELISA and Western-blot, in comparison to children with no risk for AIDS. Intraoral and extraoral examinations were performed, and dental and medical history was also obtained. Representative oral findings in AIDS group were cervical lymphadenopathy (53.7 percent), pseudomembranous candidosis (22 percent), angular cheilitis (9.8 percent), parotid enlargement (7.3 percent), erythematous candidosis (4.9 percent), and ulcers (4.9 percent). Control group included only two children with cervical lymphadenopathy. Considering the mean values for dmft and DMFT, there were no statistically significant differences (Student's t test) between the two groups (p < 0.05). While oral soft-tissue lesions were frequently observed in HIV antibodies in seropositive children, dental caries could not be associated primarily with AIDS.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Doenças da Boca/complicações , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/patologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/patologia , Western Blotting , Brasil , Candidíase/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Queilite/complicações , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Índice CPO , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/análise , Soropositividade para HIV/complicações , Soropositividade para HIV/patologia , Humanos , Lactente , Doenças Linfáticas/complicações , Masculino , Doenças da Boca/patologia , Úlceras Orais/complicações , Doenças Parotídeas/complicaçõesRESUMO
The utilization of a systemic fluoride method must be controlled in terms of risks and benefits. The reason for this is that while a small dose will not be effective in preventing dental caries, a larger dose may cause dental fluorosis. Therefore the knowledge of the fluoride concentration found in the bottled mineral waters sold throughout the Brazilian market the consumption of which has increased lately, is of great concern. The objective of the study was the analysis of the concentration of fluoride found in the bottled mineral waters. A hundred and four brands coming from different regions of Brazil were analysed using an Orion 96-09 ion specific electrode and an Orion EA 940 ionanalyser. previously calibrated with standard fluoride solutions. Different concentrations of fluoride ranging from 0.0 to 4.4 were found. It was discovered that specific bottled waters contained: 1) Significant concentrations of fluoride not reported by the producer; 2) Fluoride concentrations of no preventive effect, although the producer had advertised the water as a Fluoridated Mineral Water; 3) Fluoride concentrations high enough to cause dental fluorosis, although the producer did not alert the consumer to this fact. It is to be concluded, therefore, that a sanitary regulatory system for the control of the level of fluoride in the bottled mineral waters marketed is necessary. Such reputation should be formulated in terms of benefits as well as in terms of risks.