RESUMO
Resumen La hipertensión arterial sistémica es la enfermedad de mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial que incrementa de forma importante el riesgo cardiovascular. Un diagnóstico temprano, junto al logro de metas, disminuye de forma importante el riesgo de complicaciones. Recientemente se han actualizado los criterios diagnósticos para la hipertensión, así como la introducción del monitoreo ambulatorio de presión arterial. La introducción en la práctica clínica del monitoreo ambulatorio de presión arterial fue para ayudar al diagnóstico de la "hipertensión de bata blanca" y la "hipertensión enmascarada". En la actualidad también se ha demostrado que el monitoreo ambulatorio de presión arterial es superior al método tradicional de registro de presión arterial en el consultorio, tanto para el diagnóstico como para el adecuado control y ajuste del tratamiento farmacológico. Además se han introducido nuevos conceptos de suma importancia como la hipertensión arterial nocturna aislada, la elevación matutina alterada de la presión arterial y los patrones alterados de descenso nocturno de la presión arterial; los cuales se han asociado a un incremento de riesgo cardiovascular. Varios estudios han mostrado relevante valor pronóstico en algunas poblaciones. Aún existen otros conceptos en los cuales hace falta un mayor estudio para establecer adecuadamente su introducción en la práctica clínica como la carga hipertensiva, la variabilidad, la presión de pulso y la rigidez arterial; además de establecer valores de acuerdo a más estudios clínicos en poblaciones como pacientes geriátricos y niños.
Abstract Systemic arterial hypertension is the prevalentest disease worldwide that significantly increases cardiovascular risk. An early diagnosis together to achieve goals decreases the risk of complications significatly. Recently have been updated the diagnostic criteria for hypertension and the introduction of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The introduction into clinical practice of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was to assist the diagnosis of "white coat hypertension" and "masked hypertension". Today has also shown that ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is better than the traditional method of recording blood pressure in the office, to the diagnosis and to adequate control and adjustment of drug treatment. Also there have been introduced important new concepts such as isloted nocturnal hypertension, morning blood pressure elevation altered and altered patterns of nocturnal dip in blood pressure; which have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Several studies have shown significant prognostic value in some stocks. There are still other concepts on which further study is needed to properly establish their introduction to clinical practice as hypertensive load variability, pulse pressure and arterial stiffness. In addition to setting values according to further clinical studies in populations such as elderly and children.
Assuntos
Humanos , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial , Hipertensão/diagnósticoRESUMO
Systemic arterial hypertension is the prevalentest disease worldwide that significantly increases cardiovascular risk. An early diagnosis together to achieve goals decreases the risk of complications significatly. Recently have been updated the diagnostic criteria for hypertension and the introduction of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The introduction into clinical practice of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was to assist the diagnosis of «white coat hypertension¼ and «masked hypertension¼. Today has also shown that ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is better than the traditional method of recording blood pressure in the office, to the diagnosis and to adequate control and adjustment of drug treatment. Also there have been introduced important new concepts such as isloted nocturnal hypertension, morning blood pressure elevation altered and altered patterns of nocturnal dip in blood pressure; which have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Several studies have shown significant prognostic value in some stocks. There are still other concepts on which further study is needed to properly establish their introduction to clinical practice as hypertensive load variability, pulse pressure and arterial stiffness. In addition to setting values according to further clinical studies in populations such as elderly and children.