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OBJECTIVE: Severe weather events exacerbate existing health disparities due to poorly managed non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Our objective is to understand the experiences of staff, providers, and administrators (employees) of Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) in Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands (USVI) in providing care to patients living with NCDs in the setting of recent climate-related extreme events. METHODS: We used a convergent mixed-methods study design. A quantitative survey was distributed to employees at 2 FQHCs in Puerto Rico and the USVI, assessing experience with disasters, knowledge of disaster preparedness, the relevance of NCDs, and perceived gaps. Qualitative in-depth interviews explored their experience providing care for NCDs during recent disasters. Quantitative and qualitative data were merged using a narrative approach. RESULTS: Through the integration of quantitative and qualitative data, we recognize: (1) significant gaps in confidence and preparedness of employees with a need for more training; (2) challenges faced by persons with multiple NCDs, especially cardiovascular and mental health disorders; and (3) most clinicians do not discuss disaster preparedness with patients but recognize their important role in community resilience. CONCLUSION: With these results, we recommend strengthening the capacity of FQHCs to address the needs of their patients with NCDs in disasters.
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Pesquisa Qualitativa , Humanos , Porto Rico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Masculino , Feminino , Estados Unidos , Adulto , Defesa Civil/métodos , Defesa Civil/estatística & dados numéricos , Defesa Civil/normas , Ilhas Virgens Americanas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Planejamento em Desastres/métodos , Planejamento em Desastres/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Resumen La presencia conjunta y masiva de cálculos biliares de la vía biliar, tanto intra como extra hepática, es una rara entidad dentro de la población occidental. A continuación, se presentan 2 casos, los cuales debutan con cuadro clínico de dolor en hipocondrio derecho y con datos clínicos y de laboratorio de obstrucción de la vía biliar, y que mediante estudio de colangio resonancia, se evidencian múltiples litos endoluminales de la vía biliar de manera global, además se muestra del tratamiento de uno de los casos mediante CPRE con evacuación exitosa de los cálculos biliares.
Abstract The joint and massive presence of gallstones from the bile duct, both intra and extra hepatic, is a rare entity within the western population. Two cases are presented below, which debuted with a clinical picture of pain in the right hypo chondrium and with a clinical picture of pain in the right hypochondrium and with clinical and laboratory data of bile duct obstruction, and that by means of a resonance cholangiography study, multiple endoluminal stones of the bile duct are evidenced. Overall, it also shows the treatment of one of the cases by ERCP with successful evacuation of the gallstones.
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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary vessel remodeling; however, its severity and impact on survival depend on right ventricular (RV) failure. Resveratrol (RES), a polyphenol found in red wine, exhibits cardioprotective effects on RV dysfunction in PAH. However, most literature has focused on RES protective effect on lung vasculature; recent finding indicates that RES has a cardioprotective effect independent of pulmonary arterial pressure on RV dysfunction, although the underlying mechanism in RV has not been determined. Therefore, this study is aimed at evaluating sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) modulation by RES in RV using a monocrotaline- (MC-) induced PAH rat model. Myocyte function was evaluated by confocal microscopy as cell contractility, calcium signaling, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm); cell energetics was assessed by high-resolution respirometry, and western blot and immunoprecipitation evaluated posttranslational modifications. PAH significantly affects mitochondrial function in RV; PAH is prone to mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, thus decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential. The compromised cellular energetics affects cardiomyocyte function by decreasing sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity and delaying myofilament unbinding, disrupting cell relaxation. RES partially protects mitochondrial integrity by deacetylating cyclophilin-D, a critical component of the mPTP, increasing SIRT3 expression and activity and preventing mPTP opening. The preserved energetic capability rescues cell relaxation by maintaining SERCA activity. Avoiding Ca2+ transient and cell contractility mismatch by preserving mitochondrial function describes, for the first time, impairment in excitation-contraction-energetics coupling in RV failure. These results highlight the importance of mitochondrial energetics and mPTP in PAH.
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Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Cálcio/metabolismo , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Resveratrol/uso terapêutico , Sirtuína 3/metabolismo , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Humanos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Resveratrol/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Several studies have proved that physical activity (PA) regulates energetic metabolism associated with mitochondrial dynamics through AMPK activation in healthy subjects. Obesity, a condition that induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and low AMPK activity leads to mitochondrial fragmentation. However, few studies describe the effect of PA on mitochondrial dynamics regulation in obesity. AIM: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a single session of PA on mitochondrial dynamics regulation as well as its effect on mitochondrial function and organization in skeletal muscles of obese rats (Zucker fa/fa). MAIN METHODS: Male Zucker lean and Zucker fa/fa rats aged 12 to 13 weeks were divided into sedentary and subjected-to-PA (single session swimming) groups. Gastrocnemius muscle was dissected into isolated fibers, mitochondria, mRNA, and total proteins for their evaluation. KEY FINDINGS: The results showed that PA increased the Mfn-2 protein level in the lean and obese groups, whereas Drp1 levels decreased in the obese group. OMA1 protease levels increased in the lean group and decreased in the obese group. Additionally, AMPK analysis parameters (expression, protein level, and activity) did not increase in the obese group. These findings correlated with the partial restoration of mitochondrial function in the obese group, increasing the capacity to maintain the membrane potential after adding calcium as a stressor, and increasing the transversal organization level of the mitochondria analyzed in isolated fibers. SIGNIFICANCE: These results support the notion that obese rats subjected to PA maintain mitochondrial function through mitochondrial fusion activation by an AMPK-independent mechanism.
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Mitocôndrias/patologia , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/patologia , Obesidade/patologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Adenilato Quinase/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Citrato (si)-Sintase/metabolismo , DNA Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Masculino , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial , Dinâmica Mitocondrial , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Tamanho do Órgão , Estresse Oxidativo , Fosforilação , Ratos ZuckerRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Silica nanoparticles (nanoSiO2) are promising systems that can deliver biologically active compounds to tissues such as the heart in a controllable manner. However, cardiac toxicity induced by nanoSiO2 has been recently related to abnormal calcium handling and energetic failure in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, the precise mechanisms underlying this energetic debacle remain unclear. In order to elucidate these mechanisms, this article explores the ex vivo heart function and mitochondria after exposure to nanoSiO2. RESULTS: The cumulative administration of nanoSiO2 reduced the mechanical performance index of the rat heart with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 93 µg/mL, affecting the relaxation rate. In isolated mitochondria nanoSiO2 was found to be internalized, inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and significantly reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) was also induced with an increasing dose of nanoSiO2 and partially recovered with, a potent blocker of the mPTP, Cyclosporine A (CsA). The activity of aconitase and thiol oxidation, in the adenine nucleotide translocase, were found to be reduced due to nanoSiO2 exposure, suggesting that nanoSiO2 induces the mPTP via thiol modification and ROS generation. In cardiac cells exposed to nanoSiO2, enhanced viability and reduction of H2O2 were observed after application of a specific mitochondrial antioxidant, MitoTEMPO. Concomitantly, CsA treatment in adult rat cardiac cells reduced the nanoSiO2-triggered cell death and recovered ATP production (from 32.4 to 65.4%). Additionally, we performed evaluation of the mitochondrial effect of nanoSiO2 in human cardiomyocytes. We observed a 40% inhibition of maximal oxygen consumption rate in mitochondria at 500 µg/mL. Under this condition we identified a remarkable diminution in the spare respiratory capacity. This data indicates that a reduction in the amount of extra ATP that can be produced by mitochondria during a sudden increase in energy demand. In human cardiomyocytes, increased LDH release and necrosis were found at increased doses of nanoSiO2, reaching 85 and 48%, respectively. Such deleterious effects were partially prevented by the application of CsA. Therefore, exposure to nanoSiO2 affects cardiac function via mitochondrial dysfunction through the opening of the mPTP. CONCLUSION: The aforementioned effects can be partially avoided reducing ROS or retarding the opening of the mPTP. These novel strategies which resulted in cardioprotection could be considered as potential therapies to decrease the side effects of nanoSiO2 exposure.
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Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Poro de Transição de Permeabilidade Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Dióxido de Silício/toxicidade , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Masculino , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/patologia , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamanho da Partícula , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Dióxido de Silício/química , Dióxido de Silício/farmacocinética , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease that is characterized by an increase in pulmonary vascular pressure, leading to ventricular failure and high morbidity and mortality. Resveratrol, a phenolic compound and a sirtuin 1 pathway activator, has known dietary benefits and is used as a treatment for anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. Its therapeutic effects have been published in the scientific literature; however, its benefits in PAH are yet to be precisely elucidated. Using a murine model of PAH induced by monocrotaline, the macroscopic and microscopic effects of a daily oral dose of resveratrol in rats with PAH were evaluated by determining its impact on the lungs and the right and left ventricular function. While most literature has focused on smooth muscle cell mechanisms and lung pathology, our results highlight the relevance of therapy-mediated improvement of right ventricle and isolated cardiomyocyte physiology in both ventricles. Although significant differences in the pulmonary architecture were not identified either micro- or macroscopically, the effects of resveratrol on right ventricular function and remodeling were observed to be beneficial. The values for the volume, diameter, and contractility of the right ventricular cardiomyocytes returned to those of the control group, suggesting that resveratrol has a protective effect against ventricular dysfunction and pathological remodeling changes in PAH. The effect of resveratrol in the right ventricle delayed the progression of findings associated with right heart failure and had a limited positive effect on the architecture of the lungs. The use of resveratrol could be considered a future potential adjunct therapy, especially when the challenges to making a diagnosis and the current therapy limitations for PAH are taken into consideration.
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Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Pulmão/patologia , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar/prevenção & controle , Resveratrol/uso terapêutico , Remodelação Ventricular/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Resveratrol/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cyclophilin D (CypD) mediates the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening that contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction. CypD is regulated by its acetylation/deacetylation state that depends on Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) mitochondrial deacetylase. Since obesity and metabolic syndrome decrease SIRT3 activity and expression, we tested the hypothesis that CypD hyperacetylation promotes mitochondrial dysfunction under this pathophysiological state, which is associated with ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. METHODS: Myocardial tissue samples from patients with left ventricular heart failure, with either obesity or normal weight, were processed for the expression of SIRT3 and acetylation profile by Western Blot (WB). In addition, a rat model of obesity and metabolic syndrome induced by 30% (w/v) of sucrose was conducted. The WB analysis was used to determine the levels of mitochondrial expression of SIRT3, Adenine Nucleotide Translocator (ANT), CypD and the acetylation profile, as well as immunoprecipitation to establish the acetylation levels of CypD. Mitochondrial function was assessed by oxygen consumption analysis and maximum Ca2+ retention capacity. Oxidative stress was assessed by aconitase activity, protein carbonyl and thiol groups content. RESULTS: SIRT3 expression in the biopsies of the failing human hearts showed a 46% decrease in the expression levels of obese patients in comparison to the non-obese patients (p=0.0219). Remarkably, body mass index was associated with protein acetylation (0.627; p = 0.035), suggesting that the acetylation profiles of the failing hearts of obese patients are partly mediated by a reduction in SIRT3, which is also associated with higher BNP levels, indicating a more severe ventricular dysfunction (-0.636; p = 0.043). Accordingly, obese rats demonstrated a SIRT3 mitochondrial expression decrease of 22% concomitantly with a hyperacetylated mitochondrial profile, including CypD. Cardiac mitochondria from obese animals were 2.5-fold more prone to mPTP opening than the controls. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that obesity reduces SIRT3 expression and that CypD hyperacetylation increases mPTP opening, suggesting that the activation of SIRT3 might be a potential target to decrease ventricular dysfunction and slow the progression of heart failure.
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Mitocôndrias Cardíacas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte da Membrana Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Obesidade/metabolismo , Sirtuína 3/metabolismo , Acetilação , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Cálcio/metabolismo , Peptidil-Prolil Isomerase F , Ciclofilinas/metabolismo , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunoprecipitação , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Translocases Mitocondriais de ADP e ATP/metabolismo , Poro de Transição de Permeabilidade Mitocondrial , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Background: Thyroid hormone status in hypothyroidism (HT) downregulates key elements in Ca2+ handling within the heart, reducing contractility, impairing the basal energetic balance, and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Mitochondrial Ca2+ transport is reduced in HT, and tolerance to reperfusion damage has been documented, but the precise mechanism is not well understood. Therefore, we aimed to determine the stoichiometry and activity of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter or uniplex in an HT model and the relevance to the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP) during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods: An HT model was established in Wistar rats by treatment with 6-propylthiouracil for 28 days. Uniplex composition and activity were determined in cardiac mitochondria. Hearts were perfused ex vivo to induce I/R injury, and functional parameters related to contractility and tissue viability were evaluated. Results: The cardiac stoichiometry between two subunits of the uniplex (MICU1/MCU) increased by 25% in animals with HT. The intramitochondrial Ca2+ content was reduced by 40% and was less prone to the mPTP opening. After I/R injury, ischemic contracture and the onset of ventricular fibrillation were delayed in animals with HT, concomitant with a reduction in oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusions: Our results suggest that HT is associated with an increase in the cardiac MICU1/MCU ratio, thereby changing the stoichiometry between these subunits to increase the threshold to cytosolic Ca2+ and reduce mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Our results also demonstrate that this HT model can be used to explore the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in cardiac diseases due to its induced tolerance to cardiac damage.
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Cálcio/metabolismo , Hipotireoidismo/metabolismo , Hipotireoidismo/fisiopatologia , Mitocôndrias Cardíacas/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/fisiopatologia , Animais , Antitireóideos , Citosol/metabolismo , Hipotireoidismo/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Proteínas de Transporte da Membrana Mitocondrial , Poro de Transição de Permeabilidade Mitocondrial , Estresse Oxidativo , Propiltiouracila , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fibrilação Ventricular/etiologia , Fibrilação Ventricular/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Resumen Caso de una paciente de 43 años, que acude al servicio de urgencias con alteraciones en el estado de conciencia, en el lenguaje y visuales. La valoró el servicio de neurología, se solicitó un estudio de resonancia magnética en el que se reportaron lesiones bitalámicas en el territorio de la arteria de Percheron, por lo que se estableció el diagnóstico de infarto bitalámico. Reconocer esta afectación por resonancia magnética es fundamental para el diagnóstico preciso de esta entidad.
Abstract The case of a 43-year-old female patient is presented. She arrived to the emergency room of our hospital, with alterations in consciousness, language and vision. She was evaluated by the neurology department and requested a magnetic resonance, finding bithalamic lessions in the Percheron's artery area. This concluded in the diagnosis of a bithalamic infarct. Recognizing that a magnetic resonance is fundamental for the accurate diagnosis of this nosological entity.
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Casiopeinas are a group of copper-based antineoplastic molecules designed as a less toxic and more therapeutic alternative to cisplatin or Doxorubicin; however, there is scarce evidence about their toxic effects on the whole heart and cardiomyocytes. Given this, rat hearts were perfused with Casiopeinas or Doxorubicin and the effects on mechanical performance, energetics, and mitochondrial function were measured. As well, the effects of Casiopeinas-triggered cell death were explored in isolated cardiomyocytes. Casiopeinas III-Ea, II-gly, and III-ia induced a progressive and sustained inhibition of heart contractile function that was dose- and time-dependent with an IC50 of 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.5, and 10 ± 0.7 µM, correspondingly. Myocardial oxygen consumption was not modified at their respective IC50, although ATP levels were significantly reduced, indicating energy impairment. Isolated mitochondria from Casiopeinas-treated hearts showed a significant loss of membrane potential and reduction of mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity. Interestingly, Cyclosporine A inhibited Casiopeinas-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ release, which suggests the involvement of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. In addition, Casiopeinas reduced the viability of cardiomyocytes and stimulated the activation of caspases 3, 7, and 9, demonstrating a cell death mitochondrial-dependent mechanism. Finally, the early perfusion of Cyclosporine A in isolated hearts decreased Casiopeinas-induced dysfunction with reduction of their toxic effect. Our results suggest that heart cardiotoxicity of Casiopeinas is similar to that of Doxorubicin, involving heart mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of membrane potential, changes in energetic metabolites, and apoptosis triggered by mitochondrial permeability.
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Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Cardiotoxicidade/etiologia , Mitocôndrias Cardíacas/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Organometálicos/efeitos adversos , Animais , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Cardiotoxicidade/metabolismo , Cardiotoxicidade/patologia , Complexos de Coordenação/efeitos adversos , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Cobre/efeitos adversos , Cobre/química , Masculino , Mitocôndrias Cardíacas/metabolismo , Compostos Organometálicos/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Bacterial species are able to colonize and establish communities in biotic and abiotic surfaces. Moreover, within the past five decades, incidence of bacterial strains resistant to currently used antibiotics has increased dramatically. This has led to diverse health issues and economical losses for different industries. Therefore, there is a latent need to develop new and more efficient antimicrobials. This work reports an increased production of an exopolysaccharide in a native yeast strain isolated from the Mexican Northeast, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UANL-001L, when co-cultured with E. coli. The exopolysaccharide produced is chemically and physically characterized and its applications as an antimicrobial and antibiofilm are explored. The exopolysaccharide is capable of inhibiting planktonic growth and biofilm formation in Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, the exopolysaccharide studied here does not exhibit cytotoxic effects when assessed both, in vitro against an H9c2 mammalian cell line, and in vivo in a murine toxicity model. Taken together, the properties of this exopolysaccharide indicate that it has potential applications to inhibit bacterial colonization in medical and industrial settlings.
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Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Polissacarídeos/biossíntese , Rhodotorula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Cinética , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/fisiologia , Ratos , Rhodotorula/efeitos dos fármacos , Rhodotorula/metabolismo , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiologiaRESUMO
Intracellular Ca2+ mishandling is an underlying mechanism in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury that results in mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocytes death. These events are mediated by mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) overload that is facilitated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) channel. Along this line, we evaluated the effect of siRNA-targeting MCU in cardiomyocytes subjected to H/R injury. First, cardiomyocytes treated with siRNA demonstrated a reduction of MCU expression by 67%, which resulted in significant decrease in mitochondrial Ca2+ transport. siRNA treated cardiomyocytes showed decreased mitochondrial permeability pore opening and oxidative stress trigger by Ca2+ overload. Furthermore, after H/R injury MCU silencing decreased necrosis and apoptosis levels by 30% and 50%, respectively, and resulted in reduction in caspases 3/7, 9, and 8 activity. Our findings are consistent with previous conclusions that demonstrate that MCU activity is partly responsible for cellular injury induced by H/R and support the concept of utilizing siRNA-targeting MCU as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Canais de Cálcio/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose , Canais de Cálcio/química , Canais de Cálcio/genética , Hipóxia Celular , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular , Ciclosporina/farmacologia , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/patologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/citologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Interferência de RNA , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prevalence of chronic diseases and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among the adult population of Puerto Rico (PR) is high; however, few epidemiological studies have been conducted to address these. We aimed to document the methods and operation of establishing a multisite cross-sectional study of chronic diseases and risk factors in PR, in partnership with academic, community, clinical, and research institutions. METHODS: The Puerto Rico Assessment of Diet, Lifestyle and Diseases (PRADLAD) documented lifestyle and health characteristics of adults living in PR, with the goal of informing future epidemiological and intervention projects, as well as public health, policy, and clinical efforts to help improve the population's health. The study was conducted in three primary care clinics in the San Juan, PR metropolitan area. Eligible volunteers were 30-75y, living in PR for at least 10 months of the previous year, and able to answer interviewer-administered questionnaires without assistance. Questions were recorded electronically by trained interviewers, and included socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, self-reported medically-diagnosed diseases, and psychosocial factors. Waist and hip circumferences were measured following standardized protocols. A subset of participants answered a validated food frequency questionnaire, a legumes questionnaire, and had medical record data abstracted. Process and outcome evaluation indicators were assessed. RESULTS: The study screened 403 participants in 5 months. Of these, 396 (98%) were eligible and 380 (94%) had reliable and complete information. A subset of 242 participants had valid dietary data, and 236 had medical record data. The mean time to complete an interview was 1.5 h. Participants were generally cooperative and research collaborators were fully engaged. Having multiple sites helped enhance recruitment and sociodemographic representation. Diagnosed conditions were prevalent across sites. Challenges in data monitoring, interviewer training, and scheduling were identified and corrected, and should be addressed in future studies. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological studies in PR can be successfully implemented in partnership with multiple institutions. Effective recruitment and implementation requires concerted planning and continued involvement from partners, frequent quality control, brief interviews, reasonable incentives, and thorough training/re-training of culturally-sensitive interviewers. Further studies are feasible and needed to help address highly prevalent chronic conditions in PR.
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Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Nível de Saúde , Estilo de Vida , Adulto , Idoso , Doença Crônica/prevenção & controle , Estudos Transversais , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Prontuários Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Porto Rico/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to understand through a quantitative assessment, the views of HPV and HPV vaccination among parents of sons from a FQHC in PR. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was given to a convenience sample of 200 parents of sons 9-17 years old. RESULTS: Nearly 30% of the parents reported that their sons had initiated the HPV vaccine regimen. Health care provider recommendation was significantly associated with vaccine initiation. Among parents of unvaccinated sons, the main reason for not getting the HPV vaccine was they did not know that boys were allowed to get the vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: Future efforts should focus on multilevel interventions aimed to increase knowledge as well as other modified behavioral determinants in parents of young males about HPV and the vaccine. Capacity building efforts should be targeted also to increase health providers' education and communication skills to promote HPV vaccination effectively.
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Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Infecções por Papillomavirus/psicologia , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/administração & dosagem , Pais/psicologia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/etnologia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/etnologia , Porto Rico , Provedores de Redes de Segurança , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to describe the socio-demographic characteristics, awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV), and willingness to vaccinate among a convenience sample of 60 immigrant Dominican parents of adolescent sons in a Federal Qualified Health Clinic in Puerto Rico. Participation involved completing a self-administered survey. Even though more than half of the parents had not received proper HPV vaccine orientation from healthcare provider (58.3 %) nor asked provider for vaccination recommendation for their adolescent sons (56.7 %), most parents were aware of HPV (91.7 %) and HPV vaccination among males (55.0 %). Among those with unvaccinated sons, willingness to vaccinate the son within the next year was high (83.8 %). The low vaccination percentage (31.7 %) and information exchange between the parents and the son's healthcare provider indicates an opportunity for future culturally tailored interventions to target HPV vaccination among healthcare providers and parents of foreign descent in order to increase HPV vaccine uptake among males.
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Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/uso terapêutico , Pais/psicologia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/etnologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , República Dominicana/etnologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/etnologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/psicologia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Porto Rico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a neutral DOPC nanoliposome system for the delivery of siRNA to tumor cells in an obese murine cervical cancer model. METHODS: In vitro silencing of E6-E7 mRNA and E7 protein using siRNAE6 or siRNAE7 was analyzed in TC-1 cells by RT-PCR and Western blot. Silencing and antitumor capacities of siRNAE7-DOPC-nanoparticles (NP) were tested in vivo in both normal and obese mice using qPCR. These NPs were administered twice a week for 15 days and tumor volume and weight were recorded. RESULTS: Levels of in vitro E6-E7 silencing were 90% for mRNA and 60% for protein when siRNAE7 was used. On the other hand when siRNAE6 was used, the levels of silencing were 50% for E6-E7 mRNA and only 20% for protein. In vivo E7 mRNA silencing by siRNAE7-DOPC-NP was similar (60%) in both non-obese and obese mouse models. The therapeutic study showed a 65% decrease in tumor volume and a 57% reduction in tumor weight as compared to the control groups. CONCLUSION: There was no negative impact of obesity on the antitumor activity of siRNA-DOPC-NP in obese mice.
Assuntos
Obesidade/complicações , Proteínas E7 de Papillomavirus/genética , Fosfatidilcolinas/administração & dosagem , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/terapia , Animais , Feminino , Inativação Gênica , Lipossomos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Nanopartículas , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
Las altas tasas de repitencia y deserción en alumnos universitarios ha sido tema de preocupación de docentes y autoridades. Objetivo: Describir cómo se presentan los factores de riesgo de deserción en alumnos repitentes de primer año de las carreras de Enfermería y Kinesiología de una universidad chilena. Material y método: Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo en el cual se aplicó un instrumento validado a 83 alumnos que se encontraban matriculados en las carreras señaladas, teniendo como criterio de inclusión que hayan reprobado al menos una asignatura. Se realizó análisis estadístico (SPSS) de la información recopilada. Resultados: se observa que la mayoría de los estudiantes usa como técnica de estudio la lectura de los contenidos seguido de aquellos que subrayan la materia; existe un porcentaje importante de estudiantes que señalan haber cursado una carrera universitaria previa; el mayor número de estudiantes financia sus estudios a través de créditos y becas; el porcentaje más alto pertenece a un grupo con un ingreso económico familiar de hasta $350.000 pesos; un gran número de estudiantes cursó su enseñanza media en un establecimiento municipalizado; la gran mayoría de los padres de los estudiantes alcanzó un nivel educacional secundario y secundario incompleto; y finalmente un gran número de estudiantes señala que son los primeros del grupo familiar en ingresar a cursar estudios superiores. Conclusiones: Es posible inferir que en este grupo de estudiantes se encuentra presente algunos de los factores de riesgo de deserción estudiados, lo que los puede llevar a desertar en algún momento de su carrera.
High repetition and dropout rates for college students have raised concern among teaching personnel and authorities. This paper presents research conducted among first-year Nursing and Kinesiology students at a Chilean university, with the aim of describing how attrition risk factors affect this group of students repeating grades. It is a quantitative descriptive study in which a validated questionnaire was applied to 83 students who were enrolled in these programs, with the selection criterion of having failed at least one course. A statistical analysis (SPSS) was then applied to the information collected. Results: it was found that the majority of the students surveyed adopt a study technique consisting of reading and then underlining the course materials; a significant percentage indicated that they had previously been enrolled in a different university course; more students finance their studies using credits or scholarships than through any other funding mechanism; the most heavily represented family income group is the group with incomes of up to CLP350,000; a large number of those surveyed received secondary education at a municipally funded school; the vast majority of students’ parents had at least started secondary education but never entered the tertiary level; and finally, a large number of students indicated that they are the first in their immediate family to enter any form of higher education. Conclusions: It can be concluded that this group of students presents a number of the dropout risk factors already studied, which could lead them to abandon higher education at any point.