RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: HIV is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). There is insufficient information regarding comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors in the Colombian HIV population. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities in patients from the HIV Colombian Group VIHCOL. METHODS: This is a multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted in the VIHCOL network in Colombia. Patients 18 years or older who had at least 6 months of follow-up were included. A stratified random sampling was performed to estimate the adjusted prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities. RESULTS: A total of 1616 patients were included. 83.2% were men, and the median age was 34 years. The adjusted prevalence for dyslipidemia, active tobacco use, hypothyroidism, and arterial hypertension was 51.2% (99% CI: 48.0%-54.4%), 7.6% (99% CI: 5.9%-9.3%), 7.4% (99% CI: 5.7%-9.1%), and 6.3% (99% CI: 4.8%-7.9%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this Colombian HIV cohort, there is a high prevalence of modifiable CVD risk factors such as dyslipidemia and active smoking. Non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures for the prevention and management of these risk factors should be reinforced.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Dislipidemias , Infecções por HIV , Adulto , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Se reporta el caso de un adolescente de 11 años de edad que ingresa con un cuadro diarreico e hipoka-lemia severa (2.1 mEq/L) con alteraciones en el electrocardiograma. La hipokalemia fue persistente y se documentó alcalosis metabólica e hipomagnesemia con hipermagnesiuria e hipocalciuria. A la revisión de síntomas el paciente refiere calambres y deformidad de dedos que impiden la marcha desde los 6 años y avidez por la sal. La sospecha clínica correspondió al Síndrome de Gitelman, respondiendo al manejo con suplemento oral de potasio, dieta rica en potasio y diurético ahorrador de potasio. Se presenta este caso, su evolución y la revisión de la literatura por la importancia de un diagnóstico temprano por la presencia de parestesias, debilidad muscular y el alto riesgo de arritmias asociadas a la hipokalemia. Se revisa la literatura y la evolución del caso con el tratamiento médico.
We report the case of an eleven-year-old patient who presented with diarrhea and hypokalemia, potassium 2.1 mEq / L with electrocardiographic changes. Persistent hypokalemia metabolic alka-losis and hypomagnesemia with hypocalcemia and hypermagnesiuria were documented. The patient had a history since 6 years of age of cramps, along with deformity of the fingers that preclude him from walking; in addition he showed craving for salt. Due to the medical history and association of hypokalemia with hypomagnesemia, he was diagnosed with Gitelman Syndrome. Treatment was install with Oral potassium supplements, diet rich in potassium and potassium sparing diuretic. Medical improvement of the symptoms and of hypokalemia was reported. We present this case due to importance of the medical history of paresthesia and muscular weakness before he presented severe hypokalemia with high risk of arrhythmias. Revision of related literature and case evaluation with the medication management is done.