RESUMO
Desmodus rotundus is one of the wild animal species that has benefitted by habitat alteration and its population has increased due to livestock activities. Common vampire bat population management has been implemented across Mexico due to the economic losses to livestock production, inflicted by vampire bat attacks and rabies transmission. Yucatan is one of the seven most impacted states in Mexico by the number of cattle rabies cases per year. However, there is little research on D. rotundus populations such as the frequency and attack patterns to cattle. This study's objective was to analyze the relationship between D. rotundus abundance and number of bovines attacked in livestock landscapes in Yucatan. The study used data gathered by the State Committee for Protection and Promotion of Livestock in Yucatan through the National Campaign for Common Vampire Bat Population Control. Data collected from January 2014 to December 2017 was analyzed using Pearson correlation. Distribution maps on Desmodus rotundus abundance and number of bovines attacked were also created. Higher abundance of Desmodus rotundus and number of cattle attacks were observed in the central region of Yucatan, particularly in Izamal municipality. Positive correlations were found between (1) abundance of Desmodus rotundus and number of cattle in the region, (2) total number of cattle and number of cattle attacked, and (3) abundance of Desmodus rotundus and number of cattle attacked. We can conclude that there is a relationship between Desmodus rotundus abundance and frequency of cattle attacks in most municipalities across Yucatan. Some outstanding exceptions were observed, which require further detailed investigations.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Quirópteros , Vírus da Raiva , Raiva , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , México/epidemiologia , Raiva/veterináriaRESUMO
Worldwide olive industry has expanded into new climatic regions outside the Mediterranean basin due to an increase in extra virgin olive oil demand posing new challenges. This is the case of Uruguay, South America, where the olive crop area reached 10,000 hectares in the last 15 years and is intended to the production of EVOO. Uruguay has a temperate humid climate with mean precipitations above 1,100 mm per year but unequally distributed, mild winters, and warm summers, with mean annual temperatures of 17.7°C. Different agroecological conditions require local knowledge to achieve good productivity whereby the objective of this work was to show the feasibility and potential of olive oil production under our climatic conditions. For this the agronomic performance of Arbequina, Barnea, Frantoio, Leccino, Manzanilla de Sevilla, and Picual cultivars was evaluated along 10 years of full production. Phenology behavior, vegetative growth rate, productive efficiency, alternate bearing, and oil yield were determined. Sprouting and flowering processes occur in a wide window within the annual cycle between the months of August to November with great interannual variation. More than 8 t/ha fruit yield and 40% oil yields in dry weight basis were obtained in promising cultivars. However, alternate bearing arose as the main production limiting factor, with ABI values greater than 0.60 for most cultivars. We conclude that olive oil production in humid climate regions is feasible and the most promising cultivars based on productive efficiency are Arbequina and Picual.
RESUMO
A cluster-randomized controlled trial quantified the entomological efficacy of aerial ultra-low volume (AULV) applications of the insecticide chlorpyrifos against Aedes aegypti in Puerto Vallarta, México, during November-October 2017. The trial involved 16 large (1 × 1 km) clusters distributed between treatment-control arms. Primary endpoint was the abundance of Ae. aegypti indoors (total adults, females, and blood-fed females) collected using Prokopack aspirators. After four consecutive weekly cycles of AULV, all adult Ae. aegypti infestation indices were significantly lower in the treatment arm (OR and IRR ≤ 0.28). Efficacy in reducing indoor Ae. aegypti increased with each weekly application cycle from 30 to 73% (total adults), 33 to 76% (females), and 45.5 to 89% (blood-fed females). Entomological indices remained significantly lower in the treatment arm up to 2 wk after the fourth spraying round. Performing AULV spraying can have significant and lasting entomological impact on Ae. aegypti as long as multiple (ideally four) spray cycles are implemented using an effective insecticide.
Assuntos
Aedes , Clorpirifos , Inseticidas , Controle de Mosquitos , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
The qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Eupatorium buniifolium Hooker et Arnott (Asteraceae) has been investigated for the first time. The essential oils were obtained by steam distillation of leaves and analysed by GC-MS; 44 components were identified. Monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, especially alpha-pinene (14.7%), beta-elemene (12.2%), germacrene D (11.5%), trans-beta-guaiene (6.5%) and (E)-caryophyllene (4.3%), were the major constituents found in the oils. The characterisation of E. buniifolium by enantioselective GC was performed by evaluation of the enantiomeric ratios of alpha-pinene, sabinene, beta-pinene, limonene, terpinen-4-ol and germacrene D.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Gasosa/métodos , Eupatorium/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio de 1 300 pacientes de 19 años y más, de uno y otro sexos, residentes en el Municipio Boyeros, Provincia Ciudad de La Habana; con el objetivo fundamental de conocer las principales causas de mortalidad dentaria y su relación con la edad y el sexo. La encuesta fue realizada en los servicios de Exodoncia de las tres clínicas del municipio, utilizando el método de entrevista personal y examen clínico. Se obtuvo como resultado que las principales causales de extracción fueron la caries dental (79,1
), las parodontopatías (12,4
) y la indicación de prótesis (5.4
). La caries dental constituye la primera causa de extracción en todos los grupos de edad, pero a partir del grupo de 35 a 44 años las enfermedades del parodonto representan la segunda causa de extracción. No se encontraron diferencias significativas de las causales de extracción entre el sexo masculino y el femenino
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Índice CPO , Extração DentáriaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio de 1 300 pacientes de 19 años y más, de uno y otro sexos, residentes en el Municipio Boyeros, Provincia Ciudad de La Habana; con el objetivo fundamental de conocer las principales causas de mortalidad dentaria y su relación con la edad y el sexo. La encuesta fue realizada en los servicios de Exodoncia de las tres clínicas del municipio, utilizando el método de entrevista personal y examen clínico. Se obtuvo como resultado que las principales causales de extracción fueron la caries dental (79,1 %), las parodontopatías (12,4 %) y la indicación de prótesis (5.4 %). La caries dental constituye la primera causa de extracción en todos los grupos de edad, pero a partir del grupo de 35 a 44 años las enfermedades del parodonto representan la segunda causa de extracción. No se encontraron diferencias significativas de las causales de extracción entre el sexo masculino y el femenino